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kcse topical questions and answers: factors influencing agriculture

14/8/2019

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KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURE

Q.1

List four environmental factors that affect crop distribution in Kenya.

  1. Temperature/altitude
  2. Prevailing winds
  3. Soil types
  4. Rainfall
Q.2

State two ways by which wind affects the growth of crops.

  1. Cause physical damage / breakages to crops (accept any physical damage)
  2. Causes water stress / increases rate of transpiration in crops hence water and mineral uptake.
  3. Spread crop pests, diseases and weeds.
  4. Can cause stress to crops due to chilling caused by cold air.
  5. Cause soil erosion leading to loss of soil fertility
Q.3

Give two roles of micro-organisms in the soil that are beneficial to crops

  1. ​Helps to decompose organic matter hence release minerals for plant use
  2. Some micro-organism produce toxic substances which may help kill soil borne disease organisms
  3. Some micro-organism produce fix nitrogen in the soil 
Q.4

State three properties of soil that are influenced by its texture.

  1. Aeration
  2. Drainage
  3. Water holding capacity / capillary / permeability
  4. Stickine / constistency
  5. Canon exchange capacity / soil / PH / availability of nutrients
Q.5

List down the four aspects of rainfall that affect agriculture.

  1. Rainfall intensity
  2. Rainfall reliability
  3. Rainfall distribution
  4. Rainfall amount
Q.6

Describe the environmental conditions that may lead to low crop yields.

  1. Poor soil fertility due to lack of manure and fertilizer application.
  2. Less rainfall/unreliable rainfall/too much rainfall.
  3. Poor soil type leading to water logging or excess leaching.
  4. Inappropriate pH/poor soil pH.
  5. Pest attack
  6. Poor weed control leading to competition.
  7. Too high or low temperature / inappropriate temperature.
  8. Excess wind that increase evapotranspiration/lodging of crop/floral abortion.
  9. Inappropriate humidity, either too high or too low.
  10. Extreme light intensity that may reduce photosynthesis / exhaustion of nutrients.
  11. Inappropriate topography that may limit crop growth.
  12. Hailstorm damage.
Q.7

Outline three effects of soil organisms which benefit crop growth.

  1. Decompose organic matter.
  2. Help to aerate the soil
  3. Atmospheric Nitrogen to nitrates.
  4. Upon death and decay release plant nutrients.
Q.8

State two causes of hard pan in a crop yield.

  1. Ploughing at the same depth season after season 
  2. Use of heavy machinery on wet soil.
Q.9

Name two processes of rock weathering.

  1. Physical weathering 
  2. Biological weathering
  3. Chemical weathering
Q.10

Differentiate between soil texture and soil structure.

  • Soil texture is the relative proportion of the different sized particles in the soil;
  • Soil structure is the general appearance of the soil in relation to the arrangement of the individual soil particles.
Q.11

State three benefits of good soil structure in crop production.

  1. Allows proper infiltration/drainage of water
  2. Has good aeration.
  3. It is not easily eroded.
Q.12

List two aspects of light that influence crop growth.

  1. Light intensity.
  2. Light wavelength
  3. Light duration / photosynthesis
Q.13

The diagram below shows an experiment set up using soil types &, H and J and observations made after 24 hours. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Picture
  1. ​What is the experiment represented above designed to study?   
    Capillarity in the three different soil samples
  2. Name the three soil types & H and J.
    G – Sandy soil
    H – Loam soil
    J – Clay soil
  3. What is the characteristic texture of soil types G and J?
    G – Rough and coarse texture
    J – Fine textured
  4. State how a farmer would improve the structure of soil type G.
    Addition of organic manure – Addition of lime
Q.14

Give three reasons why soil is important to crops.

  1. Supports plant life anchorage.
  2. Provides nutrients and water
  3. Contains organic matter, food for micro – organism
Q.15

State two benefits of optimum soil temperature in crop production.

  1. Increase the rate of bio chemical reactions hence breakdown of materials to form organic matter i.e. for every 10oC rate doubles.
  2. Activates soil micro – organism especially the useful bacteria for nitrogen fixation,
  3. Ensures maximum activities for bio chemical enzymatic reactions that bring about growth e.g. germination process.
Q.16

Give theee factors of soil that influence soil productivity.

  1. Good supply of plant nutrients and oxygen.
  2. Good depth
  3. Good drainage
  4. Abundance of useful soil and organism
  5. Adequate water retention.
  6. Freedom from plant pests and disease causing agents.
Q.17

State three advantages of adding organic matter to sandy soil

  1. Improves soil structure
  2. Reduces leading.
  3. Improves water holding capacity
  4. Increase cation exchange capacity
  5. Improve nutrient status upon decomposition
  6. Moderate soil temperature. Butter the soil pH.
Q.18

a) State two roles of good soil aeration in crop growth.

  1. To facilitate growth of crop roots
  2. To facilitate absorption of nutrients and H20
  3. To prevent formation of certain inorganic compounds toxic plant growth / reduce toxic forms of such elements like Fe, Mn.
  4. Microbial activity hence release enhances of nutrients e.g. nitrification

b) Give two roles of micro-organisms in the soil that are beneficial to crops.

  1. Helps to decompose organic matter hence release minerals for plant use
  2. Some micro-organism produce toxic substances which may help kill soil borne disease organisms
  3. Some micro-organism produce fix nitrogen in the soil

c) State three properties of soil that are influenced by its texture.

  1. Aeration
  2. Drainage
  3. Water holding capacity / capillary / permeability
  4. Stickiness / consistency
  5. Canon exchange capacity / soil / PH / availability of nutrients
Q.19

State three ways by which biological agents can enhance the process of soil formation

  1. Movements of animals in large numbers
  2. Decomposition of plants and animals remains by soil micro-organism
  3. Physical breaking of rocks by roots of higher plants
  4. Man’s activities e.g. cultivation, mining and road construction
  5. Mixing up of soil burrowing animals e.g. earth worms and termites
Q.20

State two mechanical methods of separating soil particles according to size during soil analysis

  1. By mixing soil with water, shaking/stirring and allowing the particles to settle/sedimentation
  2. By using a series of sieves with different mesh sizes
Q.21

List three physical weathering agents in the soil formation process

  • Wind / Moving water
  • Temperature changes
  • Moving ice/ Glacier
Q.22

State two effects of HIV/AIDS on agricultural production

  1. Shortage of farm labour due to bad health/death.
  2. Low supply of farm produce due to loss of market.
  3. Low purchasing power to buy agricultural input/lack of capital by the government and NGOs to provide credit to farmers.
  4. Lack of motivation to invest in agriculture.
  5. Less time spent on farming activities as people cater for the sick.
Q.23

Distinguish between soil structure and soil texture

​Soil structure is the physical arrangement of soil particles and how they adhere to each other to form an aggregate where as soil texture is the relative proportion of various sizes of mineral particles in the soil.
Q.24

State two harmful effects of strong wind on crop production

  1. Results in soil erosion
  2. Results in lodging of crops
  3. High evapotranspiration rates
  4. Spreads disease/pests/weeds
Q.25

Give two roles of soil micro- organism that are beneficial to crops.

  1. Decomposition of organic matter to release plant nutrients
  2. Some fix nitrogen/sulphur into the soil
  3. Some produce toxic substances that help control soil borne diseases​
Q.26

Name four natural factors that may influence soil erosion

  1. Amount of rainfall/rainfall intensity
  2. Slope/topography
  3. Type of soil
  4. Size of water shade/catchment
  5. Length of the slope
  6. Vegetation cover
  7. Wind velocity/strength of wind
Q.27

The diagram below illustrates an experiment on soil. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow

Picture
  • (a) State the aim of the experiment (1 mark)
    to compare porosity/drainage/infiltration and water holding capacity of different soils
  • (b) If the volume of water illustrated in the measuring cylinder was observed after one hour identify the soil sample labeled A and B. (1/2 mark)
    A-Sandy soil
    B-Loamy soil
  • (c) State two ways in which the soil structure of the sample labeled C above can be improved   (2 marks)
    ​Adding organic matter
    Liming
    Sub soiling/proper tillage
    Draining away excess water
Q.28

State five soil factors that should be considered when selecting a crop to grow in an area

  1. Soil drainage/rate of water infiltration and percolation through the soil
  2. Soil structure/arrangement of soil particles or aggregates/water holding capacity
  3. Soil nutrient content/variety and quantity of mineral nutrients in the soil/Soil fertility
  4. Soil profile/soil depth/depth and arrangement of soil horizons in relation to the rooting systems of the crop
  5. Soil pH/chemical properties of the soil/degree of acidity or alkalinity of the soil solution
  6. Soil borne pests and diseases/the prevalent pests/diseases in the soil
  7. Water holding capacity
Q.29

Outline five ways in which high temperature affects agricultural production in Kenya.

  1. Increases incidences of some pests/parasite and diseases
  2. Improves quality of certain crops e.g. fruits, pineapples, papaws’
  3. Lowers quality of certain crops e.g. pyrethrum
  4. Increases rate of evapotranspiration/wilting in plants
  5. Increases rate of growth for early maturity in crops
  6. Limits distribution of exotic livestock breeds
  7. Lowers production in livestock
  8. Influences design of farm buildings and structures
  9. Lowers labour productivity
Q.30

Explain five ways in which biotic factors influence crop production in agriculture

  1. Nitrogen fixing bacteria - convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates for plant uptake 
  2. Pollinators – transfer pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or different flower.
  3. Decomposers – organisms which  breakdown organic plant and animal remains to release nutrients for plant
  4. Pests – attack crops by eating plant parts, piercing and sucking sap and introduce / spread disease causing micro organisms
  5. Pathogens – they cause crop diseases.
  6. Predators - Reduce pest population
  7. Weeds - Compete for nutrients,space,light,moisture and spread pests and diseases
Q.31

State four biotic factors that influence crop production.

  1. Pests
  2. Parasites
  3. Nitrogen fixing bacteria
  4. Pathogens
  5. Pollinators
  6. Decomposers
Q.32

Explain the different ways in which each of the following environmental factors influence crop production:

​(i) Temperature;  
this is the degree of hotness or coldness measured in oC. The range within which plants thrive is called the cardinal range; plants do best at optimum range which is a narrow range within the cardinal range of temperature
(ii) Wind.   
  1. increase rate of evaporation
  2. Agent of seed dispersal
  3. Increases spread of disease and pests
  4. Agent of soil pollination
  5. Bring rain – bearing clouds
Q.33

Explain four ways on how government policy improves agricultural production

  1. Establishment of national food security policy to supply free farm input to farmers to improve production:
  2. Facilitate soil conservation:
  3. Imposes laws to regulate quality of agriculture products:
  4. Imposes laws to regulate production and sale of agricultural produce to ensure sustainability:
  5. Imposes high taxes on imported agricultural products;
  6. Providing subsidies on agricultural inputs. e.g. fertilizers:
  7. Establishment of government agencies to supply inputs and market agricultural products:
  8. Construction of bulky handling and storage facilities for agricultural products;
  9. Funding research into new and improved agricultural production technologies:
  10. Ensures control of parasites/diseases/weeds is done effectively;
  11. Provision of extension services/education.
Q.34

Explain four ways on how low level of education and technology influences agriculture.

  1. Improper timing of routine practices:
  2. Lack of agricultural skills
  3. Low production of low quality:
  4. Inappropriate decision - making e.g. disease observation and control:
  5. Delayed adoption of new and improved production technologies.
  6. Lack of knowledge to apply / types and / of inputs:
  7. Inability to collect market information.
Q.35

Explain five ways in which the Kenyan government can improve maize production to ensure food security in the country.

  1. Farmers training e.g. in FTCs on improved methods of maize production.
  2. Provision of extension services to advise farmers on modem maize production techniques e.g. irrigation, use of certified. irrigation, pest and disease control to reduce cost of production.
  3. Provision of subsidies on farm inputs e.g. fertilizers.
  4. Provision of credit facilities e.g.. through AFC. to finance maize farming operations
  5. Imposing high taxation on imported wheat and maize products to discourage importation and protect local farmers.
  6. Quality control to ensure production of high quality maize that can attract foreign markets.
  7. Supporting research into new and improved varieties of maize for high yields.
  8. Farm input supplies
  9. Provision of marketing services
  10. Provision of diving and storage facilities
  11. Provision of tractor - hire service.
  12. Ensuring effective control of pests/diseases/weeds.
  13. Ensuring effective soil and water conservation measures.
Q.36

Describe nine ways in which biotic factors influence agricultural production.

  1. Transmit diseases;
  2. Feed on whole or parts of plants;
  3. Injure plants providing entry for secondary infection agents;
  4. Suck blood from animals causing anemia;
  5. Act on plant and animal remains to form humus;
  6. Some cause diseases;
  7. Some kill and feed other animals;
  8. Some bring out cross pollination;
  9. Some fix nitrogen into the soil;
  10. Increases cost of product through control measures;
Q.37

Explain six farming practices that destroy soil structure.

  1. Use of heavy machinery creates hardpans;
  2. Over cultivation which over pulverizes soil;
  3. Cultivating very wet soil using heavy
  4. Machinery creates hardpans;
  5. Deforestation destroys soil cover;
  6. Overstocking destroys soil cover;
  7. Burning cracks the soil and destroys soil cover;
  8. Continuous cropping over pulverizes soil;
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kcse topical questions and answers: introduction to agriculture

14/8/2019

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KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS: INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE

Q. 1

What is plantation farming system?

​This is a system of farming in which one crop is grown in large scale.
Q. 2

State the main characteristics of shifting cultivation.

  1. When fertility of the soil goes down crops are not grown again until fertility is restored.
  2. Plenty of land is available to the farming community
Q. 3

Differentiate between olericulture and pomoculture

Olericulture is the growing of vegetables such as French beans, cabbages,tomatoes onions under both small scale and large scale.
Pomoculture is the growing of fruits such as citrus,mangoes,passion fruits and pineapples
Q. 4

State three characteristics of shifting cultivation.

  1. Practicable with annual crops not with the perennials.
  2. Agricultural output from the whole system is low / subsistence production.
  3. Input such as pesticides, fungicides fertilizers are rarely used / build up of pests and diseases is avoided by periodic movements to the new lands.
  4. Use of simple hand tools.
Q. 5

State six reasons why agriculture is important in Kenya’s economy

  1. It is a source of food for the population.
  2. Earns foreign exchange for the country
  3. Provides market industrial goods.
  4. Farmers earn a lot of income
  5. Provides employment both directly and indirectly.
Q. 6

State two ways in which agriculture contributes directly to the development of industries.

  1. Providing market for industrial goods.
  2. Providing raw materials that are used in industries.
Q. 7

Give the limitations of pastoral farming.

  1. Drought and aridity Diseases and parasites.
  2. Diseases and parasites
  3. Attack by wild animal
  4. Soil erosion due to over stocking
  5. Poor pastures species
  6. Inadequate land/over population.
Q. 8

State any two disadvantages of pastoral nomadism system of farming.

  1. Low production
  2. Uncontrolled mating
  3. Difficult to control parasites and diseases
  4. Leads to overgrazing hence soil erosion.
Q. 9

Give two factors which characterize small scale farming (1 mark)

  1. Small size of land.
  2. Limited capital.
  3. Simple/limited tools/or implement.
  4. Less labour required.
  5. Maximizes labour available.
Q. 10

Give two reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming (1 mark)

  1. Environmental friendly/no pollution.
  2. It is sustainable/conserves soil.
  3. It is easily carried out.
  4. The produce fetch higher prices in the international market/higher demand in the international market of the produce.
  5. Materials used are easily available/cheaper.
  6. Produce healthy products.
Q. 11

State and explain five roles of agriculture in economic development of Kenya (10marks)

  1. A source of food supply: This sector supplies food to the population.  It ensures healthy and strong people who participate in economic development activities/money saved is used on other economic activities.
  2. It is a source of employment:  This sector provides direct employment to over 70% of Kenya’s population.  Some are directly employed as farmers or farm workers while others are indirectly employed in the agro-based industries.
  3. It is a foreign exchange earner for the country:  Agriculture products such as coffee, tea, pyrethrum, horticultural products, livestock products from Kenya are exported to other countries.  After exporting these they earn the country foreign currency which in turn is used to import other products such as machinery/saves money which would have been used for buying these commodities.
  4. It is a source of raw materials for industries:  Most of agricultural products require processing before use.  Industries such as rice mills, breweries, canning factories and leather tanning have been set up to process such products.
  5. It provides a market for industrial goods:  Agriculture sector provides a market for industrial goods such as chemicals, tools, and equipment.
  6. It is a source of income/revenue:  This is used to purchase farms requirements such as tools, fertilizers, pesticides and machinery/government earns revenue from income tax from farmers to finance.  
  7. Promotes international relationship:  This creates jobs and foreign market.
Q. 12

Outline Five activities that may be undertaken in organic farming (5marks)

  1. Cost of the materials to be used.
  2. Availability of required skills/labour.
  3. Availability of capital for the kind of material
  4. Availability of materials required.
  5. Environmental conditions such as presence of pests, soil type climate.
  6. Durability/quality/strength of material.
  7. Type of the dairy shed-whether temporary or permanent.
  8. Toxicity of the materials to do the work in question.
  9. Toxicity of the materials to the animal, for example:- use of non-toxic painting materials like the white wash.
  10. Workability/applicability of the material.
  11. Farmers tastes and preferences.
Q. 13

Give two disadvantages of intensive system of farming. (1 mark)

  1. Requires high initial capital/Expensive
  2. Is labour expensive
  3. Requires high level of management/skilled labour
Q. 14

List four methods of farming. (2 marks)

  1. Shifting cultivation
  2. Nomadic pastoralism
  3. Organic farming
  4. Mixed farming
  5. Agroforestry   
Q. 15

State three advantages of shifting cultivation

  1. Land is allowed to rest and re-gain fertility
  2. Low incidences of pests and diseases
  3. Economizes on use of fertilizers
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Is Agriculture a science or an art? or both?

9/8/2019

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IS AGRICULTURE A SCIENCE OR AN ART? OR BOTH?

Agriculture is the science and art of cultivation of crops and keeping of livestock.
What does livestock refer to?

Livestock refers to any animal found in the farm and which can be regarded as an asset by the farmer. They include animals such as;
  • Fish;
  • chicken and other poultry types;
  • cows;
  • goats;
  • camels;
  • donkeys;
  • sheep;
  • pig and others
Cultivation;
This is the art of preparing land for use by agriculture.
IS AGRICULTURE A SCIENCE OR AN ART? OR BOTH
As a science, it involves experimentation and application of scientific knowledge in such areas as;
  1. Soil analysis;
  2. Control of pests and diseases of plants and animals;
  3. farm machinery and structural materials;
  4. animal and plant breeding.
As an art, it involves the use of learned skills in;
  1. tilling the land;
  2. construction;
  3. measuring;
  4. harvesting of crops;
  5. feeding and handling of livestock and
  6. marketing.
Major areas of Agriculture include:
  1. Crop husbandry;
  2. animal husbandry;
  3. agricultural engineering;
  4. agricultural economics.
Agriculture is related to other subjects; namely Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Geography in the fallowing ways:
  • Biology
    growing of crops and keeping of animals require knowledge of botany, zoology and ecology.
  • Chemistry
    Soil fertility, fertilizers and agro-chemicals.
  • Physics
    Farm structures, machinery and tools.
  • Geography
    ​Climate and soils.
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form 1 term 1 agriculture questions and answers

8/8/2019

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FORM 1 TERM 1 AGRICULTURE QUESTIONS

agriculture questions

First Trial Paper

  1. Differentiate between
    1. olericulture and pomoculture (2mks)
    2. Epiculture and Aqualculture (2mks)
  2. State five  reasons why agriculture is important in Kenya’s economy  (5mks)
  3. List four methods of farming.  (4 marks)
  4. State three characteristics of shifting cultivation. (3mks)
  5. State four ways by which wind affects the growth of crops. (4mks)
  6. List down the four aspects of rainfall that affect agriculture. (4mks)
  7. List three aspects of light that influence crop growth. (3mks)
  8. State two effects of HIV/AIDS on agricultural production. (2mks)
  9. What is agriculture (1mk)
  10. State four branches of agriculture (4mks)
  11. Give four art activities in agriculture. (4mks)
  12. State four factors that influence agriculture (4mks)
  13. What is agroforestry (2mks)
  14. State six biotic factors that influence agriculture. (6mks)
  15. Define the term soil (2mks)
  16. Give three importance of soil to plants. (3mks)
  17. Define the following terms; (6mks)
    1. Short day plants
    2. Neutral day plants
    3. Long day plants

Second Trial Paper

  1. Define the term agriculture. (1 mk)
  2. Give four practices that show that agriculture is an art. ( 4 mks)
  3. State four area of study that shows that agriculture is a science. ( 4 mks)
  4. State two ways in which agriculture contributes to development of industries in Kenya. (2 mks)
  5. State three ways by which agriculture contributes to national development. (3 mks)
  6. List five branches of agriculture. (5 mks)
  7. State four factors considered when identifying a farming system in an area. ( 4mks)
  8. State four characteristics of large scale farming system. ( 4mks)
  9. State two reasons which make small scale farming common to majority of he farmers in Kenya. (2 mks)
  10. Define the term pomology as used in crop production (1 mk)
  11. State two reasons why nomads move with their livestock from place to place. ( 2mks)
  12. State four climatic factors that influence agricultural production in Kenya. ( 4mks)
  13. What is agroforestry. ( 1mk)
  14. State four problems associated with shifting cultivation. ( 4mks)
  15. State two effects of HIV/AIDs) in agriculture. (2 mks)
  16. State three ways how agriculture as an occupation provide employment. ( 3mks)
  17. State four aspects of rainfall important to a farmer ( 4mks)
  18. State five biotic Factors that affect agricultural production. ( 5mks)
  19. State four advantages of mixed farming. ( 4mks)

    • a) Give three effects of low temperature in crop production. ( 3mks)
    • b) State four harmful effects of wind in crop production. (3 mks)
  20. Name two categories of crops on the basis of photosynthetic light requirement. ( 2mks)
Section B:
​22. Below is a diagram illustrating a soil profile study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Picture
i) Name parts labeled A,B,C and D above ( 4mks)
    A_________
    B_________
    C_________
    D_________
ii) State three properties of the part labeled A above. ( 3mks)
iii) State four factors that influence soil formation ( 4mks)
​23. The diagram below shows an experiment set up using different soil type A,B and C. The observation was made after 24 hours.
Picture
​a) State what the experiment was designed to study. ( 1mk)
b) Name the soil type labeled A,B,C ( 3mks)
    A___
    B___
    C___
c) State three ways in which soil structure influences crop production. ( 3mks)
d) Distinguish between soil structure and soil texture. ( 2mks)
24. The diagrams below show a  setup of an experiment to study an aspect of soil. 
Picture
​a) What was the aim of the experiment (1mk)
b) State one observation that was made in each of the flasks labeled C and D
    C_____________________ ( 1mk).
    D_____________________(1 m k)
c) Give a reason for each of your answers in(b) above (1 mk)
    C________________ (1 mk)
    D_______________(1 mk)
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Third Trial Paper

  1. Define the term agriculture          (2mks)
  2. List any three major branches of agriculture     (3mks)
  3. From which two Latin words in term agriculture is derived? Give the meaning of each   (4mks)
  4. Outline five activities which are learnt and performed manually      (5mks)
  5. Outline five activities which involve experimental application of scientific knowledge in solving problems in agriculture (5mks)
  6. What is given to a system in which crop family and livestock keeping is carried out on the same piece of land at the same time? (1mks)
  7. Name four factors which determine the system of farming in a given place  (4mks)
  8. State four conditions over which  shifting cultivation is practiced (4mks)

Forth Trial Paper

  1. What is agriculture?  1 mk
  2. Outline four branches of agriculture.  2 mks 
  3.  
    1. Define the term farming system.  1 mk
    2. Name four factors considered when identifying a farming system.  2 mks 
  4. Define the following terms as used in horticultural production.  3 mks 
    1. pomuculture
    2. floriculture
    3. olericulture
  5. State four characteristics of extensive farming.  2 mks 
  6.  
    1. What is organic farming?  1 mk
    2. State four reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming.  2 mks
  7.  
    1. What is subsistence farming?  1 mk
    2. State four features that characterize subsistence farming.  2 mks 
  8.  
    1. What is shifting cultivation?  1 mk
    2. Give four characteristics of shifting cultivation.  2 mks 
    3. State two advantages of shifting cultivation. 2 mks 
  9.  
    1. What is nomadic pastoralism?  1 mk
    2. State two advantages of nomadic pastoralism.  1 mk
    3. Give four reasons why nomadic pastoralism is being discouraged in Kenya today.  2 mks 
  10. Define the following terms.
    1. Agricultural economics.  1 mk
    2. Agro forestry.  1 mk
  11. List five roles that agriculture plays in the economy of Kenya.  5 mks 
  12.    
    1. What is mixed farming?  1 mk
    2. Outline four advantages of practicing mixed farming.  2 mks 
    3. State two demerits of mixed farming.
  13.  
    1. What is ranching?  1 mk
    2. Explain why ranching is important in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya.  1 mk
  14.  
    1. What is small scale farming?  1 mk
    2. State two disadvantages of small scale farming.  1 mk
  15. State three roles of agriculture in the development of industries.  3 mks 
  16. Give four reasons why agriculture is refereed to as an art.  2 mks 
  17. Name four factors influencing agriculture.  2 mks 
  18.  
    1. What is arable farming?  1 mk
    2. Name two major forms of arable farming.  1 mk
  19. Name two human factors that hinder agricultural development.  1 mk

Fifth Trial Paper

  1. State five reasons that make agriculture important in Kenya Economy (10 mrks)
  2. Agriculture can be viewed as an art. Name five farming practices that make it to be an art (10 mrks)
  3. State five possible uses on income earned from sale of Agriculture produce (10 mrks)
  4. State five factors that determine choice of farming method to use (10 mrks)
  5. Give five advantages of mixed farming (10 mrks)
  6. State five advantages of organic farming (10 mrks)
  7. State four ways through which agriculture contributes to industrial development (8 mrks)
  8. Name four general factors that influence agriculture (8 mrks)
  9. Name seven human factors that influence agriculture (14 mrks)
  10. Give five reasons why ranching is important in arid and semi-arid areas. (10 mrks)

Sixth Trial Paper

  1. Give the modern definition of the term Agriculture. (2 mks)
  2. Why is Agriculture considered to be an art? (2 mks)
  3. Why is agriculture considered to be a science? (2 mks)
  4. Name five agricultural practices that make agriculture to be an art. (10 mks)
  5. Give four examples in agriculture that make it to be a science. (8 mks)
  6. Name five main branches of agriculture. (10 mks)
  7. State three sub branches of Horticulture farming. (6 mks)
  8. Give three sub branches of livestock farming. (6 mks)
  9. Give two main systems of farming. (4 mks)
  10. State four characteristics of shifting cultivation (8 mks)
  11. Name five methods of farming. (10 mks)
  12. State three aspects of rainfall that are important to a farmer. (6 mks)

Seventh Trial Paper

  1. Outline three characteristics of shift cultivation. (3 mks)
  2. Give three reasons why ranching is regarded as improved pastoral nomadism. (3 mks)
  3. Give three characteristics of crops suitable for green manure. (3 mks)
  4. State the use of each of the following farm tools and equipment. (3 mks)
    1. Bolus gun
    2. Wire strainer
    3. Stir u pump
  5. Give three benefits of preparing the land early during the dry season. (3 mks)
  6. Give three benefits of irrigation in crop production. (3 mks)
  7. Give three reasons for ridging in land preparation. (3 mks)
  8. Outline three disadvantages of using canals in conveying water (3 mks)
  9. Outline three farming practices that cause water pollution (3 mks)
  10. State three characteristics of large scale farming (3 mks)
  11. Give three effects of soil PH in crop production (3 mks)
  12. Give two advantages of drip irrigation (2 mks)
  13. Give two reasons why green manure is not commonly used. (2 mks)
  14. Outline four factors to consider when choosing a farming system. (2 mks)
  15. Give three ways of achieving organic farming (3 mks)
  16. Give three effects of pests on crop production (3 mks)
  17. Outline two effects oflow temperature on crop production. (2 mks)
  18. Give two farming practices  that destroy soil structure. (2 mks)

Eight Trial Paper

  1. Name three conditions under which shifting cultivation is practicable.  (3mks)
  2. List four disadvantages associated with the burning of land in shifting land preparation. (4mks)
  3. Outline four environmental conditions that may lead to poor crop yields. (4mks)
  4. Name four human factors that influence production and distribution of crops and livestock  (4mks)
  5. a) What is sub –soiling? (1mk)
    b) Give four advantages of minimum tillage.  (4mks) 
  6. Mention three types of pumps. (3mks) 
  7. Outline four properties of clean and safe water. (4mks)
  8. Name three methods of surface irrigation. (3mks)
  9. a) Define drainage. (1mk)
    b) Give three causes of poor drainage. (3mks)
  10. There are several agricultural practices that causes water pollution. Briefly mention them  (4mks) 
  11. Name a tool used for each of the following operations. (2mks)
    i)  Testing mastitis
    ii) Cut overgrown hooves
Section B:
12. Diagram  D and E below are illustrations of workshop tools. Study them and answer the questions that follow.
Picture
a) Identify the tools marked D and E. (2mks)
     D ___
     E ___
b) State one function of each of the tool shown. (2mks)
     D ___
     E ___
c) Give one maintenance practice of tool E. (1mk)
13.
Picture
a) Identify the method of drainage shown above. (1mk) 
b) Other than the method shown in (a) above list other four methods used in draining farm land. (2mks)
c) Outline four reasons for draining farm land. (2mks)
14.
Picture
​The illustrations above represent an experiment to compare the porosity  and water holding capacity of three of soils. Carefully study the experiment and then answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the soil in each of the funnel labeled.  (3 mks)
     H ___
     J ___
     K ___
b) Which of the three types of soil can be said to have the highest porosity rate? (1 mk)
c) Which type of soil would be  suitable for planting paddy rice?  (1 mk) 
15. Complete the table below that attempts to classify soil based on the sizes of soil particles.  (5 mks) 
Picture
16. Below is a diagram of farm equipment. Use it to answer the questions that follows.
Picture
a) Identify the  equipment.  (1mk) 
b) State the use of the equipment. (1mk)
c) Name the parts labeled E, F and G.  (3mks) 
17.
​a)
Identify the method of irrigation shown below.  (1 mk)
Picture
b) What are the disadvantages of this method of irrigation? (2 mks) 
c) Outline how the method of irrigation in (a) above is maintained?  (2 mks) 
Section C:
​18  a) Outline six biotic factors influencing agriculture. (6mks) 
      b) State the four aspects of rainfall that are important for crop growth . (4mks) 
19  a) State five factors that determine the number of times secondary cultivation is done (5mks)
      b)Outline the advantages of minim tillage. (5mks)
20 a) State four importance of water treatment. (4mks)
      b) What factors determine the choice of the type of irrigation used? (6mks) 
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