fifteen years of kcse agriculture topical questions and answers - ATIKA SCHOOL

Describe contagious abortion (Brucellosis) disease under the following sub-headings

14/6/2020

Describe contagious abortion (Brucellosis) disease

(I) causal organism;
(ii) animals affected;
(iii) symptoms;
(iv) control measures.

Answer

Brucellosis
(I)
-Causal organism
- Bacteria/brucella abortus
(ii)
Animals affected
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Goats
- Pigs
Symptoms
Spontaneous abortion/premature births.
Retained placenta.
Infertility in females.
Low libido in males.
Orchitis/inflamed testis.
Yellowish/brown slimy discharge.
Control
Use of AI.
Culling/slaughter and properly dispose the carcass.
Vaccination.
Avoid contact with aborted foetus.
Blood test to detect infected animals.
Observe proper hygiene.

Describe the disease control routine management practices in calf rearing

14/6/2020

disease control routine management practices in calf rearing

Answer

Culling highly susceptible calves.
Spraying with appropriate acaricides to control external parasites/ticks.
Drenching with antihistamines to control internal parasites.
Vaccinate as appropriate against diseases
Castration of males not required for breeding.
Identification at the appropriate age to facilitate record keeping.
Removal of any extra teats if more than four.
Debudding/Dehorning
Proper feeding of the calf.
Treat the sick.
Isolate the sick calves.
Maintenance of hygiene.

Describe how a four-stroke cycle petrol engine works

14/6/2020

how a four-stroke cycle petrol engine works

Answer

Induction stroke/intake
- Piston moves down the cylinder causing the inlet valve to open drawing in fresh
supply of petrol vapour and air into the cylinder.
. Compression stroke
- The inlet valve closes and the piston moves up [he cylinder. This compresses the
fresh fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
‘ Power Stroke/ignition .
- A spark is produced at the spark plug. This causes the fuel mixture to ignite and
expand resulting in pressure that forces the piston to move down the cylinder.
- Both valve closed.
• Exhaust stroke
- The piston moves up the cylinder to eliminate the burnt fuel mixture through the
open exhaust valve.

State the disadvantages of using live fences on a farm

14/6/2020

disadvantages of using live fences on a farm

Answer

May take long to establish into an effective fence.
Not effective in sub-dividing land into paddocks/occupies a large space.
May harbour pests.
May create hiding places for thieves, wild animals and vermin.
May be labour demanding to trim and mull regularly.
May have shading effects on crops/competition for nutrients, moisture.
May leave gaps which allow animals and thieves to pass through.
Some may injure both livestock and the farmer.

Describe the body conformation features of a dairy heifer

14/6/2020

body conformation features of a dairy heifers

Answer

Straight topline.
Have large and well developed udder with large teats.
Have large stomach which makes them heavy feeders
Have prominent milk veins.
Have less flesh on their bodies/lean bodies.
Have well set hind quarters to allow room for large udders.
Prominent pin bones.
Wedge shaped.
Long thin neck.

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