fifteen years of kcse agriculture topical questions and answers - ATIKA SCHOOL

Describe four types of soil erosion by water.

13/6/2020

types of soil erosion by water

Answer

(i)Splash erosion/rain drop erosion - rain drops hit the soil surfaces, detach and transfer soil particles;
(ii) Sheet erosion - Surface flow of water removes thin layers of soil from flat or gently sloping land;
(iii) Rill erosion- The concentration of water flowing down the slope removes soil in small channels or streamlets;
(iv) Gulley erosion- Develops from rill erosion. The small channels gradually becomes deeper and wider to form deep and wide ditches (gullies) due to the effect of running water.
(v) River bank erosion - Occurs when there is heavy down pour upstream in the immediate catchment area and damages the banks depending on the volume, speed and load of water.

Describe the field management practices for tomatoes.

13/6/2020

field management practices for tomatoes.

Answer

- Watering early in the morning and late in the evening during dry weather conditions;
- Gapping to ensure optimum plant population;
- Weed control to reduce competition;
- Staking to support the plants off the ground to prevent fungal diseases;
- Mulching to conserve moisture and smother weeds;
- Top dressing with CAN or SA at rate of 20 kg N per ha;
- Pruning to control upward growth and encourage development of large fruits;
- Pest control using appropriate pesticides to prevent destruction of plants, flowers and fruits;
- Disease control - spray with appropriate fungicides to control tomato blight;
- Rogueing of plants infected by bacterial wilt;
- Regular watering and appropriate fertilizer application to control blossom-end rot;
- Harvesting by picking ripe fruits for canning or as a reddish colour starts to appear for the fresh market;
- Earthing up to facilitate drainage, support the plants and prevent soil erosion.

The following information was obtained from Upendo Farm inventory on 1st January 2013.

13/6/2020

Upendo Farm inventory on 1st January 2013

Answer

State four ways of improving labour productivity on the farm

13/6/2020

ways of improving labour productivity on the farm

Answer

- Training;
- Giving incentives/improving terms and conditions of service;
- Farm mechanization;
- Labour supervision;
- Proper remuneration;
- Assigning tasks according to skills.

Explain five factors that can increase the demand for tea on a market.

13/6/2020

factors that can increase the demand for tea on a market

Answer

-Population increase leads to increased consumption of tea;
- Increase in income of tea consumers;
- Increase in preference and taste for tea;
- Increase in the price of related goods/substitutes;
- Advertisement promotes the sale of tea;
- Future expectations or uncertainty e.g. shortage makes consumers to buy and stock;
- Improved quality of tea;
- Price expectation i.e. future increase in the price increases the demand for tea;
Reduced taxation makes it affordable to more consumers.

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