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Classification I: Binomial Nomenclature

18/11/2020

Binomial Nomenclature

Organisms are known by their local names.
Scientists use scientific names to be able to communicate easily among themselves.
This method of naming uses two names, and is called Binomial nomenclature.
The first name is the name of the genus: (generic name) which starts with a capital letter.
The second name is the name of the species (specific name) which starts with a small letter.
The two names are underlined or written in italics.
- Man belongs to the genus Homo, and the species, sapiens.
- The scientific name of man is therefore Homo sapiens.
  - Maize belongs to the genus Zea, and the species mays.
  - The scientific name of maize is Zea mays.

Binomial Nomenclature

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Classification 1: Kingdoms

18/11/2020

Kingdoms

Living organisms are classified into five kingdoms namely;

Monera,
Protoctista,
Fungi,
Plantae
Animalia.

Classification 1: Kingdoms

Kingdom Fungi

Some are unicellular while others are multicellular.
They have no chlorophyll.
Most are saprophytic e.g. yeasts, moulds and mushrooms.
A few are parasitic e.g. Puccinia graminae.

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Major Units of Classification (Taxonomic Groups)

18/11/2020

Taxonomic Groups

Taxonomy is the study of the characteristics of organisms for the purpose of classifying them.
The groups are Taxa (singular Taxon).

The taxonomic groups include:

Species:
This is the smallest unit of classification. Organisms of the same species resemble each other. The number of chromosomes in their cells is the same. Members of a species interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
Genus (plural genera):
A genus is made up of a number of species that share several characteristics. Members of a genus cannot interbreed and if they do, the offspring are infertile.
Family:
A family is made up of a number of genera that share several characteristics.
Order:
A number of families with common characteristics make an order.
Class:
Orders that share a number of characteristics make up a class.
Phylum/Division:
A number of classes with similar characteristics make up a phylum (plural phyla) in animals. In plants this is called a division.
Kingdom:
This is made up of several phyla (in animals) or divisions (in plants). It is the largest taxonomic unit in classification.

Major Units of Classification

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Classification I: Introduction

18/11/2020

Introduction to Classification I. Biology Form 1 Notes

Classification is putting organisms into groups.
Classification is based on the study of external characteristics of organisms.
It involves detailed observation of structure and functions of organisms.
Organisms with similar characteristics are put in one group.
Differences in structure are used to distinguish one group from another.
The magnifying lens is an instrument that assists in the observation of fine structure e.g. hairs by enlarging them.

Classification I: Introduction

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Classification 1: Topics / Sub-topics Breakdown

18/11/2020

Classification 1, Topics, Sub-Topics and Other Contents

Review the use of magnifying lens
External features of plants and animals
Necessity and significance of classification
Major units of classification: (naming)
1. Kingdoms
  1. Monera
  2. protoctista
  3. fungi
  4. plantae
  5. animalia (At least one example of each)
2. For kingdom plantae and animalia, cover phylum/division, class, order, family, genus and species. Show relationship between the taxonomic units (Give at least one example of each taxon)
Discussion on Binomial nomenclature
Practical activities
Use of collecting nets, cutting instruments and hand lens.
1. Collection and detailed observation of:
  1. small animals e.g. insects
  2. plants - rhizoids, root systems (taproot, fibrous and adventitious), stems and leaves

Classification 1: Topics / Sub-topics Breakdown

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Classification 1: Topic Objectives

18/11/2020

Objectives of Teaching Classification 1

By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:

use the magnifying lens to observe the external features of plants and animals
record observations of the main external characteristics of living organisms, preserved specimens and photographs
state the necessity and significance of classification
name the major units of classification
state the application of Binomial nomenclature in naming organisms.

Classification 1: Topic Objectives

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