a) List down two differences between closed and open circulatory systems (2mks)Open system
Closed system
b) Name two ways in which heart muscles are special (2mks)
![]() a) Distinguish between homologous structures and analogous structures (2mks)
b) State a major shortcoming in Jean Baptiste de Lamarck’s theory of evolution (1mk)
That a phenotypically acquired characteristics can be transmitted to the offspring by their parents;
![]() (a) Name the process shown by the equation above (1mk)
Deamination;
(b) List down a carbohydrate that is;-(i) Stored in the mammalian liver (1mk)
Glycogen;
(ii) Found in abundance in mammalian blood (1mk)
Glucose;
![]() (a) What type of response was being investigated above? (1mk)Tropism/tropic response; (b) Which of the set up above would act as a control experiment? (1mk)(c) Explain what happened in set up B after 24 hours (2mks)The side brushed with IAA increased concentration of this hormone (IA; This lead to increased cell elongation/growth hence a growth harvature away from the brushed side;
![]() The scheme below illustrates the blood clotting process;(a) Identify the following; (2mks)(i) Protein X
Thromboplastin / thrombokinase;
(ii) Enzyme Y
Thrombin;
(b) State down the role of ions Z in the scheme above (1mk)
Activates conversion ofinactive prothrombin to active thrombin;
(iii) Name a trait in humans determined by multiple alleles (1mk)
Blood groups;
Set-u A
![]() (a) What is meant by the following terms; (2mks)(i) Ecosystem
A natural unit composed of abiotic and biotic factors whose instruction lead to a self sustaining system;
(ii) Carrying capacity
(b) Give two ways on how hydrophytes are adapted to the process of gaseous exchange (2mks)
![]() Study the diagram below and answer the following questions.(a) (i) Identify the part labelled X (1mk)
Root cap;
(iii) State the function of part X above (1mk)
Protects the root tip from mechanical damage/abrasive effects of the soil particles as it grows
(b) List down two characteristics of cells in the region labelled Z (2mks)
![]() (a) Define the term allele (1mk)
Alternative forms of a gene controlling a particular characteristic
(b) Differentiate between a dominant gene and a recessive gene (2mks)
A dominant gene expresses itself in both its homozygous and heterozygous states; while a recessive gene can only express itself in homozygous state.
![]() (a) Why is osmosis regarded as a special case of diffusion (1mk)
Involves the movement of water molecules from a region where they are highly concentrated to a region where they are lowly concentrated through a semi-permeable membrane.
(b) List down two importance of active transport in animals (2mks)
![]() Identify the use of the following apparatus (3mks)(i) Bait trap
For attracting and trapping small animals including rats
(ii) Specimen bottle
For keeping collected specimen;
(iii) Pitfall trap
For catching crawling animals;
![]() State the functions of the following parts in a cell: Nucleolus, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum30/10/2021 a) State the functions of the following parts in a cell (2mks)(i) Nucleolus
Manufacture/synthesis of ribosomes;
(ii) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Transport of lipido
(b) Name an organelle that would be found in large numbers in cells of secretory glands (1mk)
Golgi bodies/Golgi apparatus;
![]() List down the processes responsible for; (2mks)(i) The formation of glomerular filtrateultra filtration (ii) Absence of glucose and amino acids in urine.Reabsorption;
![]() Name two functions of sodium in human body (2mks)
![]() State the role of light in photosynthesis (1mk)Photolysis/provides energy required for splitting water molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen gas;
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