K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN27
The diagram below represents features of a joint in a mammal.
(a)Name the part labelled A.
(b) State the function of the part labelled B.
ANSWERS
(a) Ligament;
(b) Secretes synovial fluid; contains/holds the synovial fluid in place;
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN26
Name the gamete cells that are produced by the ovaries.
ANSWERS
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN25
State one economic importance of each of the following plant excretory products.
(a) Tannin. (b) Quinine. (c) Caffeine.
ANSWERS
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN24
What would be the expected results from a test cross?
ANSWERS
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN24
Differentiate between the following terms:
(i)dominant gene and recessive gene: (ii) continuous variation and discontinuous variation.
ANSWERS
(i) Dominant gene expresses itself phenotypically in both its homozygous and heterozygous states while recessive gene can only express itself phenotypically in the homozygous state;
(ii) Continuous variation is a characteristic for which there is a continuum or range while discontinuous variation is a characteristic for which there are discrete categories or units; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN23
The diagram below represents a transverse section of an ovary from a certain flower.
a) (i)Name the structure labelled W.
(ii)Name the type of placentation illustrated in this diagram. (b) Give an example of a plant whose flowers have the type of placentation named in (a)(ìi) above.
ANSWERS
(a) (i) Ovule;
(ii) Axile placentation; (b) Orange or any correctly named citrus plant;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN22
State the difference in content of oxygen and carbon (IV) oxide in the air that enters and leaves the human lungs.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN21
State two limitations of fossils as an evidence of evolution.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN21
What is meant by convergent evolution?
answer
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN20
The number of stomata on the lower and upper surfaces of two leaves from plant species X and Y were counted under the field of view of a light microscope. The results were as shown in the table below.
(a) Which of the two leaves would be expected to have a lower rate of transpiration?
(b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN19
Write an equation that sum manses the process of aerobic respiration.
answers
Glucose + Oxygen (enzyme)=Carbon IV oxide + water + energy;
C6 H12 06+602 (enzyme)= 6C02+6H20 + ATP
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN19
Apart from the lungs, name two gaseous exchange surfaces in a frog.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN18
State two functions of saliva.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN18
Name one salivary gland in humans,
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN08
Describe how a finned fish such as Tilapia moves in water.
answers
Movement of fish in water is by swimming; It involves forward movement and control of the body position in water; Scales overlapping backwards/mucus/streamlined body shape reduces resistance/friction to enhance forward movement; Forward movement (propulsion) is caused by the tail; The tail is (almost half the length of the body of the fish) to enable it create enough force (to enable the fish to push forward);
Propulsion is achieved when the tail pushes sideways against the water; Sideways movements is brought about by muscles arranged in segmented blocks/myotomes on both sides of vertebral column; The muscles contract alternately causing the vertebral column to swing sideways; When muscle blocks on the right relax and those on the left contract; the body bends to the left side; When the muscles of the left relax and those on the right contract; the body bends to the right; The fish uses its fins to control the position of its body in water, During forward movement paired fins/pectoral and pelvic fins lie flat on the body surface to reduce resistance/friction; To change direction the fish uses the paired fins; Paired fins are also used by fish to change its level in water/control/prevent pitching; The fish spreads out the pectoral and pelvic fins at 90 degree to the body; to enable it to brake; Fish can also use the swim bladder to change its level in water; When the bladder fills up with air the fish becomes lighter/more buoyant; making it to rise in water; When the air leaves the bladder the fish becomes heavier; making it to sink deeper in the water; water currents may cause the sideways swaying of the body of the fish! yawing; Dorsal and ventral fins prevent rolling/yawing;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN07
Describe die process of fertilization in flowering plants.
answers
Pollen grains land onto the stigma; and adhere to it as a result of the stigma cells secreting a sticky substance; It absorbs nutrients; and germinates forming a pollen tube; The pollen tube grows down the style to the ovary; deriving nourishment from surrounding tissues; The pollen tube has tube nucleus at the tip; and generative nucleus immediately behind it; As the tube grows downwards into the ovary the generative nucleus divides mitotically; to give rise to two nuclei; which represent the male gametes; The pollen tube penetrates the ovule/embryo sac through the micropyle/chalazza; After the pollen tube enters the embryo sac, the tube/vegetative nucleus breaks down; leaving a clear passage for the entry of the male nuclei;
which enter the embryo sac; where one fuses with the egg cell nucleus; to form a diploid zygote; which develops into an embryo; The other male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei; to form a triploid nucleus/primary endosperm nucleus; Which becomes endosperm; This type of fertilization is called double fertilization; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN06
In an experiment to investigate a certain physiological process, a boiling tube labelled A and a test tube labelled B were covered with cotton wool. The two tubes were simultaneously filled with hot water and fitted with thermometers. The experimental set-up was as in the diagrams below.
Temperature readings were taken at the start and after every two minutes for twenty minutes. The results were as shown in the table below.
(a) Using the same axes, draw graphs of temperature against time.
(b) (i) Work out the rate of heat loss in the boiling tube labelled A and test-tube labelled B between the 5th and 15th minutes. A B (ii) Account for the answers in (b) (i) above. (iii) How does the explanation in (b) (ii) above apply to an elephant and a rat? (c) (i) State the role of the cotton wool in this experiment. , (ii) Name two structures in mammals that play the role stated in (c) (i) above. (d) State three advantages of having constant body temperature in mammals.
ANSWERS
(b) (i) A: 56—48.5 7.5C
7.5C/10 Minutes ; = 0.75C Per Minute; ±0.05 B: 48-34=14C 14C/10 Minutes ; =1.4C Per Minute; ±0.05 (ii) B has a larger surface area to volume ratio; making it to lose heat to the surrounding faster; (the converse is true) (iii) A rat has larger surface area to volume ratio compared to an elephant; making the rat to lose heat at a faster rate than an elephant; (c)(i) Insulation/insulate against heat loss; (to surrounding); (ii) Subcutaneous fat layer / adipose tissue; Fur / hair; . (d) Are active always; (even under very cold conditions) Are able to escape from predators/search for mates/food; (because they are active always) Can survive in a wide variety of habitats: (both cold and hot)
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN30
What is meant by the term apical dominance?
answer
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN29
The diagram below represents a female cone.
(a) Name the subdivision of the plant from which the cone was obtained.
(b) Other than the presence of cones, name two other external features that identify plants in the subdivision named in (a) above.
answer
(a) Gymnospermae;
(b) Needle-like leaves (with waxy cuticle); Naked seeds;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN28
State three structural differences between arteries and veins.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN27
Give an example of a genetic disorder caused by:
(i) non-disjunction; (ii) gene mutation.
answers
(i) Down’s syndrome/Turner’s syndrome/Klinefelter’s syndrome;
(ii) Albinism/single cell anaemia/haemophilia/colour blindness;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN27
What is meant by the term non-disjunction?
answer
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN26
State one survival value for each of the following in plants:
(a) Thigmotropism in stems; (b) Geotropism in roots.
answers
(a) Provides support;
Enables plants to grow towards light; Any one (b) In search of nutrients Anchorage;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN25
State three factors that contribute to the deceleration phase in the population curve of an organism.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN24
Why is Lamark’s theory not acceptable?
answer
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