K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP2QN04

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP2QN04

The diagram below illustrates the arrangement of bones in a human arm.

​(a) Name:
(i) the type of joints formed at points H and M.
H
M
(ii) bone  G 
(b) Name bone J and state how it is adapted to its functions.
Name
Adaptation 
(c) State one functional difference between a tendon and a ligament.

answers

​a) i. H-Ball and socket (joint);
M - Gliding/planar/plane 
 ii. Clavicle;  
b) Scapula; 
Has a spine to increase surface area for muscle attachment;
It is broad/flat to increase the surface area for muscle attachment; 
Forms flexible attachment above the ribs that allows movement of the arms;
Has a glenoid cavity/depression for articulation with the humerus/forming the ball and socket joint;
Has acromion for articulation with clavicle/for muscle attachment;
Has coracoid process to increase surface area for muscle attachment;
c) Ligaments hold the bones together (at a joint) while tendons attach muscles to bones;