​These are chemistry questions and answers categorized according to topics, papers i.e. Paper 1 and 2, Levels i.e. form 1 to form 4, kcse year the examination was done and section A or B
Select topic/category to open topical questions from that particular option provided. ​Chemistry Topics
Explain why a solution of sodium chloride Conducts electricity while that of sugar does not.
ANSWERS
W is a colourless aqueous solution with the following properties:
(ii) Give the identity of W. (iii) Name the colourless solution formed in (II) and (III). (iv) Write an ionic equation for the reaction indicated in (V). (b) Element V conducts electricity and melts at 933K. When chlorine gas is passed over heated V, it forms a vapour that solidifies on cooling. The solid chloride dissolves in water to form an acidic solution. The chloride vapour has a relative molecular mass of 267 and contains 19.75% of V. At a higher temperature, it dissociates to a compound of relative molecular mass 133.5. When aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to the aqueous solution of the chloride, a white precipitate is formed which dissolves in excess alkali. (V = 27.0 ; CI = 35.5) (i) Determine the:
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction that form a white precipitate with sodium hydroxide.
In terms of structure and bonding, explain why graphite is used as a lubricant in machines.
ANSWERS
The atomic numbers of some elements P, Q, R and S are 6, 8, 12 and 17 respectively.
(a) Draw the dot (•) and cross (X) diagrams for the compounds formed when: (i) R and Q react (ii) P and S react. (b) Explain why the melting point of the compound formed by P and S is lower than that formed by R and Q.
Table 1 shows the atomic numbers and the first ionisation energies of three elements. The letters are not actual symbols of the elements. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Explain the trend in first ionisation energy from A to C.
(b) Write the electronic configuration for the ion of C.
ANSWERS
(a) Ionisation energy decreases down the group 1 elements.
This is because atomic radii increases from A to C (down the group) /outermost electron is far from nucleus hence requires less energy to be lost during reaction. (b)Electron configuration of ion of C- 2.8.8
(a) Write an equation to show the effect of heat on the nitrate of:
(i) Potassium (ii) Silver (b) The table below gives information about elements Ai, A2, A3, and A4 i) In which period of the periodic table is element A2? Give a reason.
(ii) Explain why the atomic radius of:
I. Ai is greater than that of A2; II. A4 is smaller than its ionic radius. (iii) Select the element which is in the same group as A3. (iv) Using dots (•) and crosses(x) to represent outermost electrons, draw a diagramto show the bonding in the compound formed when Ai reacts with A4.
Use the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
(a) Give reasons why the melting point of:
(i) S is higher than that of R; (ii) V is lower than that of U. (b) How does the reactivity of W with Chlorine compare with that of R with chlorine? Explain. (c) Write an equation for the reaction between T and excess oxygen. (d) When 1.15g of R were reacted with water, 600cm3 of gas was produced. Determine the relative atomic mass of R. (Molar gas volume = 24 000 cm3). (e) Give one use of element V.
Aluminium is both malleable and ductile.
(a)What is meant by? (i) Malleable: (ii)Ductile (b)State One use of aluminium based on: (i)malleability (ii)ductility
ANSWERS
(a) (i) Can be hammered into sheets.
(ii)Can be drawn into wires. (b)(i) Making of sufurias/ motor vehicle parts/ aeroplane parts,window / door flames, cups, plates, packaging materials, pans, making sheets/ roof. (ii)electricity cables/ wires.
(a) Name the method that can be used to obtain pure iron (III) chloride from a mixture of iron (III) chloride and sodium chloride.
(b) A student was provided with a mixture of sunflower flour, common salt and a red dye. The characteristics of the three substances in the mixture are given in the table below.
The student was provided with ethanol and any other materials needed.
Described how the student can separate the mixture into its three components c) The diagram below show part of a periodic table. The letters do no represent the actual symbols of elements. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.
i) Explain why the oxidizing power of W is more than that of X
ii) How do the melting points of R and T compare? Explain iii) Sketch an element that could be used i) In weather ballons ii) For making a cooking pot d i) Classify the substances water, iodine, diamond and candle wax into elements and compounds
ii) Give one use of diamond
ANSWERS
(a)Sublimation
(b)Add ethanol to the mixture . Filter and evaporate filtrate to obtain red dye . Add water to the residue . Filter to obtain sunflower flour . Evaporate filtrate to obtain salt . OR Add H,O to mixture , filter , residue is sunflower , evaporate the water ; add ethanol to the residue filter . The filtrate is red dye. (3 marks) (c)(i) W accepts electrons more readily than X. W has small atomic radius/ W has less energy levels than X/ W has less screening effect than X/ W has greater effective nuclear attraction than X. W is more electro negative than X. (ii) T has a lower melting point than R because it exists in simple molecular form with weak Van der Waals forces while R has strong metallic bonds.
A crystal of iodine, heated gently in a test tube gave off a purple vapour.
(a) Write the formula of the substance responsible for the purple vapour. (b) What type of bond is broken when the iodine crystal is heated gently? (c) State one use of iodine.
ANSWERS
(a)Formula of Iodine I2
(b)Weak Van der Waals (c)Antiseptic
The table below shows behaviour of metals R, X, Y and Z. Study it and answer the questions that follow:
a) Arrange the metals in the order of reactivity starting with the most reactive
b) Name a metal which is likely to be i X ii Y
ANSWERS
(a) Reactivity series starting with the most reactive
X R Z Y (b) X could be potassium Y could be copper
The atomic number of an element, T is 15.
(a) Write the electronic configuration of the ion T (b) Write the formula of an oxide of T.
Table 1 shows the properties of two chlorides, D and E.
(a) State the type of bond present in:
Given that the atomic number of Y is 13 and that of Z is 9:
a)Write the electronic arrangement of Y and Z; b) Draw the dot (.) and cross(x) diagram for the compound formed by Y and Z |
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December 2024
AuthorMaurice Atika is a teacher and a netprenuer. |