​a) State TWO factors that influence the rate of erosion by the river in its upper course.

​b) (i) Define river rejuvenation

​Name two features that result from river rejuvenation

​The table below shows four principal crops produced in Kenya in the years 2000 2001. Use it to answer question(a) and (b).

​a) (i) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 50,000 metric tons, draw a simple comparative bar graph based on the data above. 

(ii) State two advantages of using comparative bar graphs

​b) Calculate the percentage increase in wheat production between the years 2000 and 2001. 

a) State three environmental conditions which favour commercial beef. farming in Kenya. 

b) Name two two exotic breeds of cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya.

The diagram below  shows a glaciated upland area

​(a) Name the feature marked P, Q, and R

​(b)How is a U- shaped valley formed?

​a) State four factors that determine the amount of surface run off .

​b) Describe three ways in which a river transports its load 

​c) Using a diagrams, describe the following drainage patterns
i) Dendritic 

ii) Trellis 

​iii) Centripetal 

(a) What is soil?

(b) The diagram below shows a cross – section of a hillside and soil profiles that develop at different parts of the hillside

Match the soil profiles with the corresponding parts of the hillside where each profile is likely to develop

(a) State two causes  of submergence  of coasts

(b) Name two features that form as a result of submergence of coasts 

​a) (i) give the latitude and longitude of the South west corner of the map extract. 

​(ii) What is the area of Tingwa Hill Forest? 

b) (i) name the planted vegetation in the area covered by the map 

​(a) State two factors which influence the  occurrence of surface run- off

(b) The diagram below shows a waterfall. Name the feature marked X, Y and Z

a) What is a lake?

b) State three ways through which lakes are formed? 

​The diagram below show some features of a Karst scenery. Use it to answer questions (a)

​a) Name the features marked P, Q, and R. 

​b) Describe carbonation as a process of Chemical weathering 

a) Name two types of soil according to texture 

​b) State two ways in which humus improves the quality of soil

​a) i) Name two provinces in Kenya where wheat is grown on large scale

​ii) Explain four physical conditions that favour wheat growing in Kenya 

b) Compare wheat farming in Canada and / Kenya under the following

​The table below shows the approximation of four districts in central province in 1999. Use it to answer question (a)

​(a) (i) Suggest two possible reasons why the population of Thika is higher than that of Murang’a 

​(ii) Using a radius of 5 cm, draw a pie chart to represent the data above

(a) Give three conditions that are necessary for bee keeping 

(b) State three reasons why the government of Kenya is encouraging bee keeping in the country ​

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