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GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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Define the term hydrological cycle.

29/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2017 Section B Question 9.

(a) (i) Define the term hydrological cycle. 

  • Hydrological cycle is the continuous movement of water from the air to the earth surface and back to the air.

​(ii) Give three factors that influence the occurrence of surface runoff.

  •  The amount of rainfall
  •  The gradient of the land
  •  The nature of the rocks/soil
  •  The watertable
  •  Vegetation

(iii) State the significance of the hydrological cycle. 

  •  Evapotranspiration increases water in the atmosphere
  •  It helps to regulate the surface water/underground water and water in the atmosphere.
  • It provides underground water through percolation.
  •  Large rivers drain into oceans and lakes to form water bodies.
  •  Water evaporates from the ground causing drying up of water bodies/arid conditions.
  •  It controls the elements of weather such as temperatures/humidity and rainfall.
  •  Water vapour maintains the heat energy in the atmosphere
  •  Moisture in the atmosphere influences both solar/ terrestrial radiation.
(a) (i) Define the term hydrological cycle.  (ii) Give three factors that influence the occurrence of surface runoff.  (iii) State the significance of the hydrological cycle.  (b) Describe how the following lakes were formed. (i) morraine dammed lake  (ii) oxbow lake  (c) Explain ways in which lakes modify the climate of the surrounding areas. (d) Give four reasons why some lakes have fresh water.

(b) Describe how the following lakes were formed.
(i) morraine dammed lake 
(ii) oxbow lake 

i. Morraine dammed lake
  •  It is formed when the valley glacier melts and moraine is deposited across the glacial troughs.
  •  The moraine forms a barrier and melt water collects behind it to form a moraine dammed lake.
  •  The water accumulates to form a moraine dammed lake.
ii. Oxbow lake
  •  A meandering river erodes the outer bank of a meander and deposits material in the inner river bank.
  • This deposition continues until a narrow piece of land is left separating the two bends.  
  •  This is eventually eroded by floods forcing the river to flow on a straight channel.
  •  A loop of the meander is abandoned to form an oxbow lake.

(c) Explain ways in which lakes modify the climate of the surrounding areas.

  • The lake breezes have a cooling effect on the surrounding area/warming effect on land during the cold season.
  •  High rate of evaporation from the lake leads to the formation of convectional rainfall on the land.
  •  Evaporation from the lakes increases moisture in the atmosphere leading to increase in humidity.
  •  (Lake and land breezes help moderate the temperature of the surrounding areas).
  •  These breezes may strengthen or divert the prevailing winds.
  •  The lake influences the occurrence of local winds/land &lake breezes.

​(d) Give four reasons why some lakes have fresh water.

  •  They are fed by rivers/have inflow which dilutes the salts.
  •  The bedrocks contain mineral salt? salt minerals.
  •  The bedrock do not contain saline rocks.
  •  They have surface outlets which carries away salts.
  • They have underground outlets which drains accumulated salts.
  •  They are situated in areas of high rainfall.
  •  Some are found in areas of low temperatures therefore have minimal evaporation.

​Related Geography Searches on External Land Forming Processes, Hydrological cycle Form 3 Level

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