Distinguish between a game sanctuary and a national park.

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2010 Section B Question 9.

(a) (i) Distinguish between a game sanctuary and a national park.

• A  game sanctuary is a specific area established to give protection to a specific animal community which is either threatened with extinction only found in a particular area while​ a national park is a large area set aside for the propagation,protection and conservation of wild life in their natural habitat and in which hunting is prohibited. 

(ii) Draw a map of Kenya and on it mark and name Sibiloi National Park, Maasai Mara National Reserve and Tsavo National Park.

(b) (i) Give three factors that favour the establishment of national parks in the semi-arid areas of East Africa.

• Availability of large tracts of land /sparsely populated land.
• Availability of a wide variety of vegetation which provides food for the Wild animals.
• The harsh climatic condition that discourage farming and settlement/makes wildlife conservation the best alternative land use.
• The type of vegetation found in such areas provide suitable habitat for wild animals.

​(ii) Explain two effects of drought on wildlife in Kenya.

• It leads to shortage of pasture and water causing loss of life of animals/ drying up of plant species.
• Prolonged drought leads to migration of animals to areas that have sufficient supply of food/water/some animals migrate to the neighbouring countries reducing the number of wild animals.
• Forest tires break out during drought causing environmental degradation and destroying the habitat for wild life.
• Wild animals invade farmlands destroying crops/some are killed as they search for food

​(c) Explain four measures that the government of Kenya has taken to conserve wildlife other than establishing national parks and reserves.

• Enacting laws and regulations to curb poaching/game trade.
• Educating the general public on the need to conserve wildlife/to support conservation practices/encouraging joint ownership of parks with local authorities/Local communities who also benefit from the proceeds.
• Enhancing international cooperation to help enforce the existing laws and
• Conventions which protect wildlife especially the endangered species.
• Promoting ecotourism to reduce tourism related environmental damage that may lead to extinction of species.
• Constructing electric fences around the parks to minimize human-animal conflict.
• Establishing the ministry of wildlife to oversee the conservation process/creating of the anti-poaching unit to track down and arrest poachers/Forest guards to protect forests.
• Encouraging individuals to set up game ranches for controlled hunting.
• Provision of veterinary services to treat animals/trans locating of game/research by KWS. 

​(d) State four ways in which wild animals are of significance to the economy of Kenya.

• They are a major tourist attraction/earn foreign exchange.
• They create employment opportunities.
• They promote research activities.
• They promote agricultural development since tourism creates a large demand for food/leading to agricultural development.
• Some provide raw materials for industries.
• They provide game meat.
• The government earns revenue.

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