State four factors that determine the amount of surface run off

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2004 Section B Question 8.

​a) State four factors that determine the amount of surface run off .

• Amount of precipitation / rainfall
• The nature of the slope of the land / of gradient of the land
• The nature of the solid / the level of saturation
• The nature of the underlying rocks
• The amount of vegetation cover
• The rate evaporation
• Human activities

​b) Describe three ways in which a river transports its load 

• The fine, materials are carried in suspension because they are light.
• The heavy materials are rolled / pulled along the bed of a river.

​c) Using a diagrams, describe the following drainage patterns
i) Dendritic 

• The river has many tributaries that join the main river at acute angles.
• The river and its tributaries form a pattern of a tree and its branches.

ii) Trellis 

• The river has many tributaries that join the main river at acute angles.
• The river and its tributaries form a pattern of a tree and its branches.

​iii) Centripetal 

• Many rivers flow into a central basin from all directions.

d) A form four class is planning to carry out a field study of a waterfall.
i) State five ways in which they would prepare for the study 

• Stating the objectives / hypothesis of the study
• Identifying / selecting suitable methods of data collection.
• Seeking permission from the relevant authority
• Pre – visit the area of study
• Reading relevant materials
• Fixing the date for the study
• Dividing themselves into groups and appointing group leaders.
• Identifying / Selecting suitable methods of data analysis
• Drawing a route map
• Collecting relevant materials / tools to use

​ii) Give four methods they would use to collect information at the waterfall

• Taking photographs
• Interviewing resources persons
• Estimating / measuring the height of the falls
• Drawing the waterfall
• Reading information brochures

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