history topical past papers online for kcse knec

State one function of Orkoiyot among the Nandi

4/10/2021

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One function of Orkoiyot among the Nandi

He was both the political and religious leader of the community
He presided over the religious functions such as sacrifices
He advised elders on community affairs
He advised and blessed warriors before going to war
He arbitrated disputes
He was a seer, rainmaker and chief medicine man in the community

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Explain six challenges faced by the Christian Missionaries in Kenya during the 19th Century

4/10/2021

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Identify three reasons for the coming of Christian Missionaries into Kenya

To spread Christianity ,Western education and Civilization
To counter the spread of Islam which had take root in the region
To abolish the slave trade and replace it with legitimate trade
To explorer East Africa

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Explain five roles played by women in the mau mau uprising

4/10/2021

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Explain five roles played by women in the Mau mau uprising

Women participated in the oath taking ceremonies
They mobilized the men and women to join the movement
Women composed songs to mobilize support and motivate the fighters as well as ridicule collaborators
They acted as spies for mau mau fighters
They supplied fighters with food, medicine, guns ammunition and clothing
They fought as soldiers e.g field Marshal Muthoni
They coordinated and organized rural networks to provided supplies
They kept secrets all information relating to the uprising from colonial agents despite their mistreatment
More than 8,000 woman were detained and others put in dentation camps to prevent them from helping the fighters

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Give the meaning of the term ’National referendum’

4/10/2021

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Meaning of the term ‘National referendum’

This is a direct vote by the electorate which seeks to find public view on a particular national issue e.g the New constitution

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Give the meaning of the term ‘Democracy’

4/10/2021

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Meaning of the term ‘democracy’

It is a form of government where the political decisions are directly in the hands of the citizens

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State one role played by the Africans in the provision of education in colonial Kenya

4/10/2021

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One role played by Africans in the provision of education in colonial Kenya

They acted as teachers in the “bush schools”
Started independent schools and collages like Githunguru TTC.
Raised money through the Local Natives Council and established schools
Started schools to protect certain cultural practices such as circumcision
They demanded quality education.
Africans who had been converted into Islam taught in the madrasa

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Identify one main difference between KANU and KADU

4/10/2021

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One main difference between KANU and KADU

KANU advocated a unitary government while KADU favored a federal system of government

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Explain five ways on how the government of Kenya controls public finance

2/10/2021

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Explain five ways how the government of Kenya controls public finance

All intended expenditure of the government is approved by parliament.
All ministry expenditures are scrutinized by the public accounts committee and the public investments committee
The controller and Auditor – General audits ministries and the government departments and reports the findings to parliament
The permanent secretaries in the ministries account for all the money allocated to their ministries
The anti- corruption and integrity commission of Kenya investigates corruption cases and recommends the prosecution of suspect
Government contracts are advertised and awarded according to the procurement procedures
Supplementary expenditure by government ministries are approved by parliament
Revenue evasion is being curbed by the use of x – ray scanners to verify cargo arriving at the port of Mombasa
Government formulated the public officers ethics act 2001 to compel Kenyans to shun corruption

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Identify five indirect sources of government revenue

2/10/2021

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Identify five indirect sources of government revenue

Customs duty: on imported goods
Excise duty – taxes on locally made goods
Value added tax – tax on sales on goods e.g bread
Traffic revenue tax – on road maintenance levy
Trading licenses – paid by business people
Investment revenue – profit gained from parastatals and other firms
Interest from loans paid to the government
Land rates from land owners
House rents from government buildings
Court fines
Fees charged on a variety of services e.g on mining
Sales of treasury bills and post office bonds
Grants and loans from donors e.g World Bank and IMF

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Explain five challenges facing the Judicial System in Kenya

2/10/2021

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Explain six challenges facing the Judiciary system in Kenya

Interference in judicial process by the executive, parliament and other influential individuals
Lack of public confidence e.g through frequent reports of corruption
Incompetence of some judicial officers appointed and promoted through unfair means
Shortage of equipment and facilities like libraries and computers
Shortage of funds to effectively cater for its needs
Poor terms of service and working conditions for some judicial officers
Ignorance of legal rights and complex legal language discourages public interest in judicial affairs
High litigation fees limit public accessibility to courts
Shortage of judges, magistrates and other judicial officers