Describe the stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

29/11/2018

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Stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

Draft stage by the A.G
First reading - the bill presented to the National assembly by the mover No debate takes place during this stage.
Second Reading - the Bill is debated upon/ discussed by members. Amendments are incorporated into the bill.
Committee stage - the Bill is discussed in details and amendments are made
Report Stage – chairperson of the committee reports the amended Bill to the whole house
Third – Final debate on the Bill and voting is carried out. If the bill is supported by the majority then it is passed to the next stage.
The bill is presented to the President for assent, it becomes an act of Parliament, it is gazetted and becomes law.

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Explain the results of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

28/11/2018

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Name the result of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

The Somali people intermarried with the people they came into contact with such as the Pokomo and Borana / Intermarried with neighbors
Their settlement in Kenya led to the expansion of trade in the region.
Demand for agricultural produce by the Somali led to the expansion of trade in the region.
Their settlement led to increased conflicts between communities over resources such as pasture and water.
Their migration and settlement led to take displacement and redistribution of people in area where they settled.
Led to cultural exchange between the Somali and the people they came into contact with. For example the neighboring communities and adopted Islam from the Somali.
Assimilation of some communities they came into contact with e.g. Oromo.
Their settlement in high agricultural potential areas e.g. river valleys encouraged some of them to practice crop farming.

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State TWO ways through which the construction of the Uganda Railway contributed to the development of settler farming in Kenya

26/11/2018

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Ways through which the construction of the Uganda Railway contributed to the development of settler farming in Kenya

Provided cheap and reliable transport network Transport
The railway gave the Europeans a relief on the dependence of animal, road and human transport because it was cheap, reliable and quicker.
Opening up the Kenya Highlands to settlers
The railway opened up opportunities for white settlers in the Kenyan and Ugandan highlands especially for the practice of cash crop farming.

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Chapter 10: Transport

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State TWO reason why Britain used the Imperial East Africa Company to administer her possessions

26/11/2018

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Reason why Britain used the Imperial East Africa Company to administer her possessions

Absence of a clear policy on the administration of colonial possessions.
Lack of funds the colonies were not economically viable.
Lack of personnel.
I.B.E.A.C long experience in the region.

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Give the main reason why the British were able to conquer Kenya during the 19th century

26/11/2018

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Main reasons why the British were able to conquer Kenya during the 19th century

Military superiority of the British
This is the main reason why the British were able to conquer Kenya. They were using more powerful weapons, and had the advantage of the newly invented machine gun called the Maxim gun which was invented in the 1880’s. This gun could fire eleven bullets per second, and outdid the weapons that the African forces had such as spears, bows, swords and arrows. African armies did not manage to get hold of European weapons because it was not sold to them. Thus Africans were at a military disadvantage.
There was also an aspect of military knowledge such as military tactics in combat zones that Kenyans knew nothing about this disadvantaged them.
In some other instances, Kenyans used witchcraft to convince warriors that they were protected by the spirits from any harm. However, with their faith and bravery, they could be shot down in the battle field en masse as they confronted British warriors without taking cover. They could be shot from far.
Divide and rule tactics
There was rivalries between Kenyan leaders. These kings and chiefs were competing with each other to be the richest and most powerful within their tribes. This brought about divisions in the Kenyan society that the British exploited to their advantage.
While other tribes like the Nandi resisted them, the British could use tribes from the surrounding region to counter them. This divisions bred groups which were pro-British and anti-British.
Those who were seen as against, were viewed as backward and a conflict could be set between the two rival clans to the advantage of the British.
Natural disasters
Natural disasters also played a big role in the rapid and easy colonization of Africa. In 1895, a serious drought reached many regions in Africa which was caused by a sudden decline in rainfall. Hardly any crops were produced, and the food shortage which followed caused the death of many people and animals. The little crops that were produced were destroyed by a plague of locusts. In addition to this plague, the cattle plague broke out during the 1890’s which killed cattle, sheep and goats. This led to even more deaths of animals and people, and due to their physical and mental weakness, they were unable to fight against European powers.
In almost at the same time, there was an outbreak of new diseases that Kenyans knew nothing about. The British migration to Kenya had resulted to the outbreak of new diseases such as smallpox, measles, TB, cowpox, Influenza, whooping cough, Falciprum malaria, cholera, syphilis and gonorrhea.
Since Europeans were immunized thus resistant to these diseases, Kenyans were infected and left for the dead. This weakened their defense lines and work force as they had to side with the British in order to get medicine and other privileges.
As you can see, Kenyans had no chance, had no choice other than humble themselves before the British settlers who took this advantage to grab large tracts of land, natural resources exploitation and cheap labor.

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State TWO main reasons why the Omani rules were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan coast

25/11/2018

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Main reasons why the Omani rules were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan coast

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To expand their commercial empire
To establish political control over the Kenyan coast
To assist in ending the Portuguese rule

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Identify TWO factors which encouraged the spread of Islam in Kenya by 1500

25/11/2018

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Factors which encouraged the spread of Islam in Kenya by 1500

Commercial activities between the Arabs and Africans
Arab settlement along the coast.
Intermarriage between the Arabs and other communities.
Islam was more accommodative to African traditional practices
Development of Kiswahili language.

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CHAPTER 6: CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY

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GIVE TWO factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

25/11/2018

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Factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

Search for land/pasture/water for their herds
Family / clan fights/ internal conflicts
External attacks/ pressure
Increase in population
Outbreak of diseases / epidemics
Natural calamities e.g. drought
Spirit of adventure

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Name the local government authority which is charged with administration of rural areas in Kenya.

24/11/2018

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Name the local government authority which is charged with administration of rural areas in Kenya

Before 2010 Constitution:

County council

After 2010 Constitution:

County Government

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Local Authorities in Kenya - KCSE HISTORY NOTES

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Explain six functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA).

24/11/2018

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Functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA)

The federal government of USA formulates and directs foreign policy
It regulates internal and external trade.
It declares war and makes peace with other nations of the world
It gives currency to the members states of the federation and regulates its supply
It formulates and enforces policy guidelines on taxation for the member states of the Federation and regulates its supply.
It gives grants to member states of the federation and monitor their use
It formulates policies governing internal security of the entire Federal Republic
It medicates in inter-state disputes within the federation and monitor their use
Established a federal aimed force
Passes laws needed to carry out Us power
Admits new states
Establish federal court
Establishes postal systems

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Electoral Process in the USA and India

Functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA)

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What is the role of the prime minister in Britain?

24/11/2018

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Role of the prime minister in Britain

The prime Minister is the leader of the House of Commons
Is the head of the British government
Chairs cabinet meetings
Appoints and dismisses ministers
Initiates both domestic and foreign policies
Represents Britain.

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Chapter 32: The Electoral Process and Functions of Governments in Other Parts of The World

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Discuss the effects of the French policy of assimilation in Senegal

24/11/2018

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Effects of the French policy of assimilation in Senegal

The application of the assimilation policy lead to the promotion of French culture in Senegal
The policy of assimilation undermined African culture as many adopted French culture.
It undermined the authority of the traditional rulers as they were replaced by the assimilated Africans
Senegal was incorporated into French Republic and regarded as an overseas province of France.
Africans from Senegal were allowed to participate in the political affairs of France. Some of them became Deputies and Ministers in the French government.
It undermined the spread of Islam in the four communes where many Africans had adopted French Christianity
It created division among Africans; in Senegal some became citizens while other became French people.
It created a class of western/ French education in the four communes
It led to the development of Western/French education in the four communes.
Class of African elite spearheaded nationalism.

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Describe the factors which facilitated the application of the French policy of assimilation in the four communes in Senegal.

24/11/2018

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Factors which facilitated the application of the French policy of assimilation in the four communes in Senegal

A high percentage of the Mullatoes in the population of the communes who appreciated the European culture, made it easy for the French to apply their policy of assimilation.
The people in the four communes had long interaction with the French trades, administrators and missionaries and this enabled them to appreciate European culture.
A high percentage of the inhabitants of the four communes had been converted to Christianity and this made it possible for the French to apply their policy.

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COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION

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What were the results of the development of railway transport in Europe up the end of the Nineteenth century?

24/11/2018

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Results of the development of railway transport in Europe up the end of the Nineteenth century

Railway transport led to expansion of trade in Europe as goods were quickly transported from one point to another.
Facilitated the movement of people from one place to another
thus promoted greater interaction among people.
Railway transport promoted agricultural growth as it assured farmers of means of transporting their goods.
The railway transport provided employment opportunities
The development of railway transported led to growth of expansion of urban centres.
It facilitated the development of industries in Europe by providing quick means of transporting raw material, finished materials and industrial workers.
It led to environmental pollution through emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide/ smoke into the atmospheres.

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Explain six factors which promoted Christian missionary activities in Africa during the nineteenth century

24/11/2018

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Explain six factors which promoted Christian missionary activities in Africa during the nineteenth century

Existence of already established trade routes/ which connected the
African coastal raiding posts with the interior facilitated the movement of the missionaries.
Use of guides and porters made the movement of the missionaries and the transportation of their luggage easy
The learning of local languages by the missionaries facilitated their activities among different communities.
Training African catechists and other religious leaders helped in spreading Christianity in Africa.
The discovery of cure of some tropical diseases e.g. quinine for treating malaria fever, reduced the number of death cases among the missionaries
Support and protection given to missionaries by some African rulers e.g. Lewanika of Bulonzi promoted missionary activities.
Support from the church organization in Europe enabled the missionaries to carry out their activities
Support from the colonial government (e.g. protection against some hostile communities) enabled the missionaries to carry out their activities.
The establishment of mission stations which were used as bases from which were used as bases from which they operated the stations also provided other social services e.g. health care.
Translocation of the Bible and other Christian literature made Christianity accessible to many African communities.

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KNEC KCSE HISTORY & GOVERNMENT PAPER 2 1996 Q & A

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Why were African independent churches established?

24/11/2018

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Give reasons, for the establishment of independent churches in Kenya during the colonial period.

To develop worship pattern that are relevant to their needs
To avoid being discriminated against in the missionary churches
To preserve their cultural heritage which was being threaten by European missionaries.
To provide a forum for cultural activities

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Why were African independent churches established?

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Describe the effects of the Trans – Saharan trade of West African societies?

23/11/2018

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Effects of the Trans – Saharan trade of West African societies

The trade led to the development of towns in West Africa e.g. Gao Timbuku
It led to the spread of Islam and Islamic learning in West Africa
The trade led to the emergence of a class of wealthy people the merchants who participated in the trade.
The trade promoted intermarriage between North African and West African.
Growth in Agricultural production
Increase warfare
The trade introduced new cultural values in West Africa e.g. people adopted new styles of dressing and eating habits.
Trade led to the introduction of Arab architectural designs in West Africa.
Trade led to the introduction of Empires e.g. Mali Soghai and Ghana.
It led to the depopulation of West Africa through slave trade.
West Africa was known to the outside world.

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What factors led to the development of trade between North Africa and West Africa during the pre-colonial period?

23/11/2018

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Factors that led to the development of trade between North Africa and West Africa during the pre-colonial period

Existence of enterprising North Africa merchants.
Availability of trading items e.g. gold from West Africa and salt mines of the Sahara desert.
Availability of capital provided by the Berber merchants of North Africa
Demand for scarce goods in North Africa and West Africa

Presence of Tauregs who guided the traders through the Sahara desert
Presence of capable rulers who offered protection of traders.
Presence of Oasis
Use of camels and horse.

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Explain six factors which led to the emergence of Japan as an industrial power after the second world war

23/11/2018

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Factors which led to the emergence of Japan as an industrial power after the second world war

Provision of Education which emphasized on technical training
Japanese work ethics which discouraged idleness and encouraged hardworking
Government policy which granted subsidies to industrial entrepreneurs led to industrial growth.
Availability of raw materials from within Japan e.g. silk and from other Asian countries which they colonized e.g. cotton from China.

A well established industrial base. By 1954 Japan had well developed industrial base upon which other industries were built.
Availability of local and internal markets stimulated industrial growth
Existence of a labour force with industrial know – how
Availability of capital from local and foreign investors, especially the USA financial aid which was provided after the 2nd World War (the Marshal plan) stimulated industrial growth of Japan
Availability of energy e.g. H.E.P stimulated industrial growth.

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In what ways did the development of the steam engine contribute to the growth of industries in Europe during the nineteenth century.

23/11/2018

1 Comment

Ways of development of the steam engine contribution to the growth of industries in Europe during the nineteenth century

The development of steam engines facilitated faster transportation of raw materials and finished industrial product.
Provided a source of energy in the factories e.g. the spinning factory
It was used to pump water out of the mines to facilitate mining e.g the coal mines
Facilitated faster transportation of industrial workers.

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Ways of development of the steam engine contribution to the growth of industries in Europe during the nineteenth century

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State two reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus at Mombasa.

23/11/2018

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Reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus at Mombasa.

It protected the Portuguese from enemy attacks
It was a military base from where expeditions were sent against hostile coastal states.
It was used as a watch tower to see enemies as they approached from the Indian Ocean.

The Portuguese kept their weapons there.
It was where criminals were imprisoned.
It was their military barracks.
It helped to discourage the Turks from creating a base in East Africa.

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The coming of the Portuguese

Reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus at Mombasa.

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Explain the effects of slave trade on the African community in Kenya

23/11/2018

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Effects of slave trade on the African community in Kenya

African population was reduced; people who would have been great leaders and empire builders were killed. It is estimated that over 15 to 30 million people were sold in to slavery while other millions died in the process being transported.
Slave trade brought misery, suffering and lowered the quality of people in East Africa this is because they were reduced to ‘commodities’ which could be bought and sold on land.
Villages and families were destroyed and broken up by slave raiders and never to be reunited this later resulted in to loss of identity.
Diseases broke out among the overcrowded slaves for example the Spaniards introduced Syphilis and soon it spread to other traders.
Slave trade led to displacement of people and many became homeless and destitute many and stayed in Europe with no identity.

Economic activities such as farming were disrupted. This is because the young and able craftsmen, traders and farmers were carried off, causing economic stagnation as the economic workforce depleted.
Progress slowed down, which resulted in famine, poverty and destitution and helplessness.
There was a decline in production of traditional goods such as coffee, beans, bark cloth and iron which greatly hindered the cash economy.
There was a decline in African industries which also faced a lot of competition from imported manufactured goods for example the Bark cloth and iron working industries.
Guns were introduced into the interior which caused a lot of insecurity and increased incidences of wars for territorial expansion.
Clans and tribal units, languages were broken and inter-tribal peace was disturbed for example Swahili language replaced the traditional languages in the interior.

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The Slave Trade in East Africa

Effects of slave trade on the African community in Kenya

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Name two agencies of the United Nations Organization (UNO) which deal with the problem of health.

22/11/2018

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Agencies of the United Nations Organization (UNO) which deal with the problem of health.

World Health Organization (WHO)
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

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Chapter 25: International Relations

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In which two ways did the organization of Africa Unity (OAU) contribute to the liberation of the southern African countries?

22/11/2018

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Ways did the organization of Africa Unity (OAU) contribute to the liberation of the southern African countries

The AOU provided material support to freedom fighters e.g. arms
It gave financial support to freedom fighters
It provided military training camps and other facilities to freedom fighter
It presented the problem of the nationalists in international form.

It provides the nationalist with a forum to air their grievances
Provision of refugee camps for the displaced nationalists
Provided education to the members of the liberation movement
It campaigned for sanctions against the oppressive southern African regimes in international form

What is constitution?

22/11/2018

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Definition of a constitution.

A body of fundamental principles on which the government of a state is based either a system of laws and principles on which the government of a state is based.
The term ‘constitution’ refers to a set of agreed principles and rules which state the structure and powers of a government

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<<Previous

Stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

​Name the result of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

Ways through which the construction of the Uganda Railway contributed to the development of settler farming in Kenya

Reason why Britain used the Imperial East Africa Company to administer her possessions

Main reasons why the British were able to conquer Kenya during the 19th century

Main reasons why the Omani rules were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan coast

Factors which encouraged the spread of Islam in Kenya by 1500

​Factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

Name the local government authority which is charged with administration of rural areas in Kenya

Functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA)

Role of the prime minister in Britain

Effects of the French policy of assimilation in Senegal

Factors which facilitated the application of the French policy of assimilation in the four communes in Senegal

Results of the development of railway transport in Europe up the end of the Nineteenth century

​Explain six factors which promoted Christian missionary activities in Africa during the nineteenth century

Give reasons, for the establishment of independent churches in Kenya during the colonial period.

Effects of the Trans – Saharan trade of West African societies

Factors that led to the development of trade between North Africa and West Africa during the pre-colonial period

Factors which led to the emergence of Japan as an industrial power after the second world war

Ways of development of the steam engine contribution to the growth of industries in Europe during the nineteenth century

Reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus at Mombasa.

Effects of slave trade on the African community in Kenya

Agencies of the United Nations Organization (UNO) which deal with the problem of health.

Ways did the organization of Africa Unity (OAU) contribute to the liberation of the southern African countries

Definition of a constitution.

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Name the result of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

Factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

Explain six factors which promoted Christian missionary activities in Africa during the nineteenth century