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Explain the role of opposition parties in government and nation building

30/11/2018

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Role of opposition parties in government and nation building

Keep the government of the day on its toes by pointing out the shortcomings/ acts as the watchdog for the people.
Contribute to the process of law making and ensure that laws are in harmony with the constitution.
Educate the masses/ public about their rights/ gives education to the masses.
Mobilize people for participation in the political democratic process
They offer alternative policies and programmes to those of the ruling party.
Ensure that public funds are properly utilized through Public Investments Committee or public Accounts Committee.
They check possible excesses by the government and the party in power.
They provide the basis for peaceful solution of conflicts

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Describe the structure of the democratic Party of Kenya ( DP)

30/11/2018

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Structure of the democratic Party of Kenya ( DP)

National delegates convention is the highest organ of the party and responsible for electing the officials of the party and amending the party constitution.
National governing Council is made up of all National Officials of the party and two representatives from each province ensuring that all party policies and programmes are implemented/ second highest party organ.
National Executive Committee consists of elected officials. They are charged with the day to day running of the party.
Branch Executive Committee/ organizations are organized on the basis of administrative districts. They are responsible for recruitment of members and popularizing the party at grass root level.
Each branch is divided into sub – branches up to the village level
National secretariat Committee headed by the Executive Director that shall be responsible for implementing decisions and programmes of the party.
Party election committee
The Board of Trustees

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MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY IN KENYA SINCE 1991

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Describe the stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

29/11/2018

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Stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

Draft stage by the A.G
First reading - the bill presented to the National assembly by the mover No debate takes place during this stage.
Second Reading - the Bill is debated upon/ discussed by members. Amendments are incorporated into the bill.
Committee stage - the Bill is discussed in details and amendments are made
Report Stage – chairperson of the committee reports the amended Bill to the whole house
Third – Final debate on the Bill and voting is carried out. If the bill is supported by the majority then it is passed to the next stage.
The bill is presented to the President for assent, it becomes an act of Parliament, it is gazetted and becomes law.

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Why are parliamentary elections held regularly in Kenya

29/11/2018

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Why Kenyan are parliamentary elections held regularly.

Parliamentary elections are held regularly in order to give the citizens the opportunity to exercise their constitutional right of participating in the democratic process.
To give citizens the chance to choose leaders whom they have confidence in
To enable the people to give mandate to the party of their choice to rule.
To inject new blood into parliament and government
To enable sitting Mps to be responsive to the development needs of the electorate stipulated by the constitution.

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Explain the political development which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya between 1945 and 1963

29/11/2018

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Political development which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya between 1945 and 1963

The return of ex- servicemen after the Second World War exposed the myth of white supremacy making Africans ready to fight them. They also acquired expertise which enabled them to organize their resistance.
Failure by the colonial government to reward the African ex- service men on return embittered them.
Change of government from conservative to labour party in Britain made her adopt sympathetic attitude towards the nationalists struggle in her colonies such as Kenya/ Lancaster House Conference.
The establishment of political parties by African nationalists e.g. KASU, KAU, Nairobi peoples Convention Party, KANU, KADU, APP enhanced mobilization of the masses against colonial rule.
The Mau Mau uprising forced the British to realize the need of granting Kenya independence.
Nomination and election of Africans to the Legco enabled them to use the House as a forum to agitate for independence.
Emergence of trade union movement which helped to mobilize workers to fight for their rights.
Pan- African movement and other global bodies helped in the establishment of Afro- Asian people solidarity organization which supported the course of Africa nationalists in Kenya.
The return of Jomo Kenyatta from UK in 1946 strengthen the nationalistic movement in Kenya
Independence of other countries e.g. Ghana and India inspired African nationalists in Kenya to fight for their independence (e.g. Nkrumah Nehru)
The formation of the UNO and the pressure exercised on the European powers to decolonize and super powers e.g. U.S.A, U.S.S.R
Role of African independent churches and schools.

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What were the grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995?

29/11/2018

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Grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995

Land alienation
Forced labour
The Kipande system
Interference with African culture
Racial Discrimination
Poor social service
Payment of taxes
Poor wages/ working conditions
Lack of political representation
de- stocking
Harassment of colonial administrators.

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Grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995

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Explain why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya.

29/11/2018

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Why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya

Some communities had established strong social- political systems which they were not willing to allow foreigners to destroy.
Those communities which were military superior to their neighbours believed that no other race/ community could defeat them and thus resisted.
Some communities resisted because their socio- economic political set ups were strong enough to sustain resistance.
They wanted to protect their independence against foreign invaders
Some of the communities were encouraged by their religious leaders to resist. Such leaders promised their people that they would receive supernatural protection against firearms
Most communities underestimated the military strength of the British
They were against the alienation of their land
They were opposed to the payment of taxes e.g. hut tax, poll tax/ Kipande system/ lack of political representation.
They were opposed to the government policy of de-stocking
They were opposed to forced labour for European farms
Imposition of unpopular leaders by the British
Racial discrimination and organization of the British.

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Why did British become interested in establishing their control over Kenya during the second half of the 19th century.

29/11/2018

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Why did British become interested in establishing their control over Kenya during the second half of the 19th century.

Britain wanted to gain access to Uganda so as to control the source of the Nile
In order to establish a market for her manufactured goods
To use Kenya as an outlet for surplus capital investment
To use Kenya as a source of raw materials for her industries
To protect European missionaries and other British nationals who were already settled in Kenya and Uganda.
To prevent Kenya from being colonized by other European powers
To stop slave trade and introduce legitimate trade.
To control fertile highlands

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What factors undermined Christian missionaries activities in Kenya during the 19th century?

29/11/2018

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Factors that undermined Christian missionaries activities in Kenya during the 19th century

Hostility by believers of traditional religion who saw missionaries as a threat to their beliefs and cultural practices.
Opposition by leaders of Islamic faith and other believers whose interests were to advance their religion in the region.
Harsh tropical climate coupled with tropical diseases e.g. malaria
Inadequate funds and supplies such as food.
Inadequate personnel to carry out missionary activities
Rivalry among different Christian groups
Communication barrier/ lack of common language of communication to facilitate interaction with and conversion of Africans.
Strict Christian doctrines which were incompatible with traditional beliefs and practices.
Limited transport and communication facilities
Vastness of areas covered by individual missionaries
Hostility from African rulers who often identified missionaries with colonialism and loss of their traditional authority.

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Explain why Christian missionaries established mission stations in Kenya during the colonial period.

29/11/2018

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Why Christian missionaries established mission stations in Kenya during the colonial period

Mission stations were established by Christian missionaries to serve as centers for converting Africans.
To serve as centers where Africans would be taught basic literacy to enable them to read the bible.
To teach Africans new methods of carpentry, farming and masonry
To train African catechists who would in turn facilitate the spread of Christianity.
To use them as centers for the spread of Western European culture
To serve as health centers where basic health care was provided to Africans.
To serve as settlements for freed slaves and other displaced peoples.
Serve as centers for the pacification of Africans/ centres to promote European colonization.
Serve as base where European missionaries could operate from.

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Describe the political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the Pre-colonial period

29/11/2018

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Political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the Pre-colonial period

The basic political unit of the Somali was the clan. Each clan had its name and occupied specific territories / areas.
a council of elders was in charge of the day to day affairs of the clan e.g. making major clan decisions and settled disputes.
The council maintained law and order and was the final court of appeal.
The age – set system was an important institution among the Somali and all male members of the society belonged to the age – set. Each age –set performed specific roles/ duties.
The Somali had leaders called Sultan whose role was mainly advisory.
There existed warriors whose main duty was to protect the community against external attacks and acquire possessions for the community.
There existed people with special responsibility e.g. Sheikhs and medicine men. They were highly regarded in the community and their opinions were sought before important decisions were made.

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Explain the results of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

28/11/2018

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Name the result of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

The Somali people intermarried with the people they came into contact with such as the Pokomo and Borana / Intermarried with neighbors
Their settlement in Kenya led to the expansion of trade in the region.
Demand for agricultural produce by the Somali led to the expansion of trade in the region.
Their settlement led to increased conflicts between communities over resources such as pasture and water.
Their migration and settlement led to take displacement and redistribution of people in area where they settled.
Led to cultural exchange between the Somali and the people they came into contact with. For example the neighboring communities and adopted Islam from the Somali.
Assimilation of some communities they came into contact with e.g. Oromo.
Their settlement in high agricultural potential areas e.g. river valleys encouraged some of them to practice crop farming.

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State TWO ways through which the construction of the Uganda Railway contributed to the development of settler farming in Kenya

26/11/2018

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Ways through which the construction of the Uganda Railway contributed to the development of settler farming in Kenya

Provided cheap and reliable transport network Transport
The railway gave the Europeans a relief on the dependence of animal, road and human transport because it was cheap, reliable and quicker.
Opening up the Kenya Highlands to settlers
The railway opened up opportunities for white settlers in the Kenyan and Ugandan highlands especially for the practice of cash crop farming.

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Chapter 10: Transport

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State TWO reason why Britain used the Imperial East Africa Company to administer her possessions

26/11/2018

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Reason why Britain used the Imperial East Africa Company to administer her possessions

Absence of a clear policy on the administration of colonial possessions.
Lack of funds the colonies were not economically viable.
Lack of personnel.
I.B.E.A.C long experience in the region.

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Give the main reason why the British were able to conquer Kenya during the 19th century

26/11/2018

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Main reasons why the British were able to conquer Kenya during the 19th century

Military superiority of the British
This is the main reason why the British were able to conquer Kenya. They were using more powerful weapons, and had the advantage of the newly invented machine gun called the Maxim gun which was invented in the 1880’s. This gun could fire eleven bullets per second, and outdid the weapons that the African forces had such as spears, bows, swords and arrows. African armies did not manage to get hold of European weapons because it was not sold to them. Thus Africans were at a military disadvantage.
There was also an aspect of military knowledge such as military tactics in combat zones that Kenyans knew nothing about this disadvantaged them.
In some other instances, Kenyans used witchcraft to convince warriors that they were protected by the spirits from any harm. However, with their faith and bravery, they could be shot down in the battle field en masse as they confronted British warriors without taking cover. They could be shot from far.
Divide and rule tactics
There was rivalries between Kenyan leaders. These kings and chiefs were competing with each other to be the richest and most powerful within their tribes. This brought about divisions in the Kenyan society that the British exploited to their advantage.
While other tribes like the Nandi resisted them, the British could use tribes from the surrounding region to counter them. This divisions bred groups which were pro-British and anti-British.
Those who were seen as against, were viewed as backward and a conflict could be set between the two rival clans to the advantage of the British.
Natural disasters
Natural disasters also played a big role in the rapid and easy colonization of Africa. In 1895, a serious drought reached many regions in Africa which was caused by a sudden decline in rainfall. Hardly any crops were produced, and the food shortage which followed caused the death of many people and animals. The little crops that were produced were destroyed by a plague of locusts. In addition to this plague, the cattle plague broke out during the 1890’s which killed cattle, sheep and goats. This led to even more deaths of animals and people, and due to their physical and mental weakness, they were unable to fight against European powers.
In almost at the same time, there was an outbreak of new diseases that Kenyans knew nothing about. The British migration to Kenya had resulted to the outbreak of new diseases such as smallpox, measles, TB, cowpox, Influenza, whooping cough, Falciprum malaria, cholera, syphilis and gonorrhea.
Since Europeans were immunized thus resistant to these diseases, Kenyans were infected and left for the dead. This weakened their defense lines and work force as they had to side with the British in order to get medicine and other privileges.
As you can see, Kenyans had no chance, had no choice other than humble themselves before the British settlers who took this advantage to grab large tracts of land, natural resources exploitation and cheap labor.

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State TWO main reasons why the Omani rules were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan coast

25/11/2018

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Main reasons why the Omani rules were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan coast

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To expand their commercial empire
To establish political control over the Kenyan coast
To assist in ending the Portuguese rule

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Identify TWO factors which encouraged the spread of Islam in Kenya by 1500

25/11/2018

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Factors which encouraged the spread of Islam in Kenya by 1500

Commercial activities between the Arabs and Africans
Arab settlement along the coast.
Intermarriage between the Arabs and other communities.
Islam was more accommodative to African traditional practices
Development of Kiswahili language.

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CHAPTER 6: CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY

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GIVE TWO factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

25/11/2018

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Factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

Search for land/pasture/water for their herds
Family / clan fights/ internal conflicts
External attacks/ pressure
Increase in population
Outbreak of diseases / epidemics
Natural calamities e.g. drought
Spirit of adventure

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Name the local government authority which is charged with administration of rural areas in Kenya.

24/11/2018

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Name the local government authority which is charged with administration of rural areas in Kenya

Before 2010 Constitution:

County council

After 2010 Constitution:

County Government

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Local Authorities in Kenya - KCSE HISTORY NOTES

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Explain six functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA).

24/11/2018

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Functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA)

The federal government of USA formulates and directs foreign policy
It regulates internal and external trade.
It declares war and makes peace with other nations of the world
It gives currency to the members states of the federation and regulates its supply
It formulates and enforces policy guidelines on taxation for the member states of the Federation and regulates its supply.
It gives grants to member states of the federation and monitor their use
It formulates policies governing internal security of the entire Federal Republic
It medicates in inter-state disputes within the federation and monitor their use
Established a federal aimed force
Passes laws needed to carry out Us power
Admits new states
Establish federal court
Establishes postal systems

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Electoral Process in the USA and India

Functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA)

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What is the role of the prime minister in Britain?

24/11/2018

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Role of the prime minister in Britain

The prime Minister is the leader of the House of Commons
Is the head of the British government
Chairs cabinet meetings
Appoints and dismisses ministers
Initiates both domestic and foreign policies
Represents Britain.

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Chapter 32: The Electoral Process and Functions of Governments in Other Parts of The World

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Discuss the effects of the French policy of assimilation in Senegal

24/11/2018

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Effects of the French policy of assimilation in Senegal

The application of the assimilation policy lead to the promotion of French culture in Senegal
The policy of assimilation undermined African culture as many adopted French culture.
It undermined the authority of the traditional rulers as they were replaced by the assimilated Africans
Senegal was incorporated into French Republic and regarded as an overseas province of France.
Africans from Senegal were allowed to participate in the political affairs of France. Some of them became Deputies and Ministers in the French government.
It undermined the spread of Islam in the four communes where many Africans had adopted French Christianity
It created division among Africans; in Senegal some became citizens while other became French people.
It created a class of western/ French education in the four communes
It led to the development of Western/French education in the four communes.
Class of African elite spearheaded nationalism.

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Describe the factors which facilitated the application of the French policy of assimilation in the four communes in Senegal.

24/11/2018

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Factors which facilitated the application of the French policy of assimilation in the four communes in Senegal

A high percentage of the Mullatoes in the population of the communes who appreciated the European culture, made it easy for the French to apply their policy of assimilation.
The people in the four communes had long interaction with the French trades, administrators and missionaries and this enabled them to appreciate European culture.
A high percentage of the inhabitants of the four communes had been converted to Christianity and this made it possible for the French to apply their policy.

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COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION

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Explain six factors which influenced Lewanika of the Balozi to collaborate with the British.

24/11/2018

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Factors which influenced Lewanika of the Balozi to collaborate with the British

In order to protect his Kingdom against the Germans and Portuguese
Lewanika desire western education and civilization and wanted the British to introduce it in his country
Lewanika wanted the British to protect him against his internal enemies e.g. in 1884 Lewanika forced an internal rebellion.
Lewanika was encouraged to collaborate with the British by King Khama of Botswana who has already sought British to protect his Kingdom from attacks by other African communities such as the Nebela and Shona.
Lewanika wanted the British to protect his kingdom from attacks by other African communities such as the Ndebela and Shona.
Desire to promote trade between his people and British
Lewanika was influenced by the European missionaries who had visited earlier, to collaborate.

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Explain five ways in which home erectus attempted attempted to improve his way of live

24/11/2018

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How Homo Erectus attempted to improve his life

Invented fire for cooking and warming himself
Domesticated animals and crops
Invented more efficient tools to ease his work.

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​HISTORY & GOVernment

Questions and Answers

Role of opposition parties in government and nation building

Structure of the democratic Party of Kenya ( DP)

Stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

​Why Kenyan are parliamentary elections held regularly.

Political development which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya between 1945 and 1963

Grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995

Why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya

​Why did British become interested in establishing their control over Kenya during the second half of the 19th century.

Factors that undermined Christian missionaries activities in Kenya during the 19th century

Why Christian missionaries established mission stations in Kenya during the colonial period

Political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the Pre-colonial period

​Name the result of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

Ways through which the construction of the Uganda Railway contributed to the development of settler farming in Kenya

Reason why Britain used the Imperial East Africa Company to administer her possessions

Main reasons why the British were able to conquer Kenya during the 19th century

Main reasons why the Omani rules were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan coast

Factors which encouraged the spread of Islam in Kenya by 1500

​Factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

Name the local government authority which is charged with administration of rural areas in Kenya

Functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA)

Role of the prime minister in Britain

Effects of the French policy of assimilation in Senegal

Factors which facilitated the application of the French policy of assimilation in the four communes in Senegal

Factors which influenced Lewanika of the Balozi to collaborate with the British

​How Homo Erectus attempted to improve his life

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HISTORY & GOVernment

Why Kenyan are parliamentary elections held regularly.

Why did British become interested in establishing their control over Kenya during the second half of the 19th century.

Name the result of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

Factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

How Homo Erectus attempted to improve his life