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Describe the political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the Pre-colonial period

29/11/2018

Political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the Pre-colonial period

The basic political unit of the Somali was the clan. Each clan had its name and occupied specific territories / areas.
a council of elders was in charge of the day to day affairs of the clan e.g. making major clan decisions and settled disputes.
The council maintained law and order and was the final court of appeal.
The age – set system was an important institution among the Somali and all male members of the society belonged to the age – set. Each age –set performed specific roles/ duties.
The Somali had leaders called Sultan whose role was mainly advisory.
There existed warriors whose main duty was to protect the community against external attacks and acquire possessions for the community.
There existed people with special responsibility e.g. Sheikhs and medicine men. They were highly regarded in the community and their opinions were sought before important decisions were made.

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Describe the stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

29/11/2018

Stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

Draft stage by the A.G
First reading - the bill presented to the National assembly by the mover No debate takes place during this stage.
Second Reading - the Bill is debated upon/ discussed by members. Amendments are incorporated into the bill.
Committee stage - the Bill is discussed in details and amendments are made
Report Stage – chairperson of the committee reports the amended Bill to the whole house
Third – Final debate on the Bill and voting is carried out. If the bill is supported by the majority then it is passed to the next stage.
The bill is presented to the President for assent, it becomes an act of Parliament, it is gazetted and becomes law.

Explain the results of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

28/11/2018

Name the result of the migration and settlement of the Somali into Kenya by 1800

The Somali people intermarried with the people they came into contact with such as the Pokomo and Borana / Intermarried with neighbors
Their settlement in Kenya led to the expansion of trade in the region.
Demand for agricultural produce by the Somali led to the expansion of trade in the region.
Their settlement led to increased conflicts between communities over resources such as pasture and water.
Their migration and settlement led to take displacement and redistribution of people in area where they settled.
Led to cultural exchange between the Somali and the people they came into contact with. For example the neighboring communities and adopted Islam from the Somali.
Assimilation of some communities they came into contact with e.g. Oromo.
Their settlement in high agricultural potential areas e.g. river valleys encouraged some of them to practice crop farming.

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State TWO ways through which the construction of the Uganda Railway contributed to the development of settler farming in Kenya

26/11/2018

Ways through which the construction of the Uganda Railway contributed to the development of settler farming in Kenya

Provided cheap and reliable transport network Transport
The railway gave the Europeans a relief on the dependence of animal, road and human transport because it was cheap, reliable and quicker.
Opening up the Kenya Highlands to settlers
The railway opened up opportunities for white settlers in the Kenyan and Ugandan highlands especially for the practice of cash crop farming.

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Chapter 10: Transport

State TWO reason why Britain used the Imperial East Africa Company to administer her possessions

26/11/2018

Reason why Britain used the Imperial East Africa Company to administer her possessions

Absence of a clear policy on the administration of colonial possessions.
Lack of funds the colonies were not economically viable.
Lack of personnel.
I.B.E.A.C long experience in the region.

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Give the main reason why the British were able to conquer Kenya during the 19th century

26/11/2018

Main reasons why the British were able to conquer Kenya during the 19th century

Military superiority of the British
This is the main reason why the British were able to conquer Kenya. They were using more powerful weapons, and had the advantage of the newly invented machine gun called the Maxim gun which was invented in the 1880’s. This gun could fire eleven bullets per second, and outdid the weapons that the African forces had such as spears, bows, swords and arrows. African armies did not manage to get hold of European weapons because it was not sold to them. Thus Africans were at a military disadvantage.
There was also an aspect of military knowledge such as military tactics in combat zones that Kenyans knew nothing about this disadvantaged them.
In some other instances, Kenyans used witchcraft to convince warriors that they were protected by the spirits from any harm. However, with their faith and bravery, they could be shot down in the battle field en masse as they confronted British warriors without taking cover. They could be shot from far.
Divide and rule tactics
There was rivalries between Kenyan leaders. These kings and chiefs were competing with each other to be the richest and most powerful within their tribes. This brought about divisions in the Kenyan society that the British exploited to their advantage.
While other tribes like the Nandi resisted them, the British could use tribes from the surrounding region to counter them. This divisions bred groups which were pro-British and anti-British.
Those who were seen as against, were viewed as backward and a conflict could be set between the two rival clans to the advantage of the British.
Natural disasters
Natural disasters also played a big role in the rapid and easy colonization of Africa. In 1895, a serious drought reached many regions in Africa which was caused by a sudden decline in rainfall. Hardly any crops were produced, and the food shortage which followed caused the death of many people and animals. The little crops that were produced were destroyed by a plague of locusts. In addition to this plague, the cattle plague broke out during the 1890’s which killed cattle, sheep and goats. This led to even more deaths of animals and people, and due to their physical and mental weakness, they were unable to fight against European powers.
In almost at the same time, there was an outbreak of new diseases that Kenyans knew nothing about. The British migration to Kenya had resulted to the outbreak of new diseases such as smallpox, measles, TB, cowpox, Influenza, whooping cough, Falciprum malaria, cholera, syphilis and gonorrhea.
Since Europeans were immunized thus resistant to these diseases, Kenyans were infected and left for the dead. This weakened their defense lines and work force as they had to side with the British in order to get medicine and other privileges.
As you can see, Kenyans had no chance, had no choice other than humble themselves before the British settlers who took this advantage to grab large tracts of land, natural resources exploitation and cheap labor.

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State TWO main reasons why the Omani rules were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan coast

25/11/2018

Main reasons why the Omani rules were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan coast

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To expand their commercial empire
To establish political control over the Kenyan coast
To assist in ending the Portuguese rule

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Identify TWO factors which encouraged the spread of Islam in Kenya by 1500

25/11/2018

Factors which encouraged the spread of Islam in Kenya by 1500

Commercial activities between the Arabs and Africans
Arab settlement along the coast.
Intermarriage between the Arabs and other communities.
Islam was more accommodative to African traditional practices
Development of Kiswahili language.

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CHAPTER 6: CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY

GIVE TWO factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

25/11/2018

Factors which led to the migration and settlement of the Iteso into Kenya by 1800

Search for land/pasture/water for their herds
Family / clan fights/ internal conflicts
External attacks/ pressure
Increase in population
Outbreak of diseases / epidemics
Natural calamities e.g. drought
Spirit of adventure

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Name the local government authority which is charged with administration of rural areas in Kenya.

24/11/2018

Name the local government authority which is charged with administration of rural areas in Kenya

Before 2010 Constitution:

County council

After 2010 Constitution:

County Government

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Local Authorities in Kenya - KCSE HISTORY NOTES

Explain six functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA).

24/11/2018

Functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA)

The federal government of USA formulates and directs foreign policy
It regulates internal and external trade.
It declares war and makes peace with other nations of the world
It gives currency to the members states of the federation and regulates its supply
It formulates and enforces policy guidelines on taxation for the member states of the Federation and regulates its supply.
It gives grants to member states of the federation and monitor their use
It formulates policies governing internal security of the entire Federal Republic
It medicates in inter-state disputes within the federation and monitor their use
Established a federal aimed force
Passes laws needed to carry out Us power
Admits new states
Establish federal court
Establishes postal systems

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Electoral Process in the USA and India

Functions of the Federal Government of the United States of America. (USA)

What is the role of the prime minister in Britain?

24/11/2018

Role of the prime minister in Britain

The prime Minister is the leader of the House of Commons
Is the head of the British government
Chairs cabinet meetings
Appoints and dismisses ministers
Initiates both domestic and foreign policies
Represents Britain.

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Chapter 32: The Electoral Process and Functions of Governments in Other Parts of The World

Discuss the effects of the French policy of assimilation in Senegal

24/11/2018

Effects of the French policy of assimilation in Senegal

The application of the assimilation policy lead to the promotion of French culture in Senegal
The policy of assimilation undermined African culture as many adopted French culture.
It undermined the authority of the traditional rulers as they were replaced by the assimilated Africans
Senegal was incorporated into French Republic and regarded as an overseas province of France.
Africans from Senegal were allowed to participate in the political affairs of France. Some of them became Deputies and Ministers in the French government.
It undermined the spread of Islam in the four communes where many Africans had adopted French Christianity
It created division among Africans; in Senegal some became citizens while other became French people.
It created a class of western/ French education in the four communes
It led to the development of Western/French education in the four communes.
Class of African elite spearheaded nationalism.

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Describe the factors which facilitated the application of the French policy of assimilation in the four communes in Senegal.

24/11/2018

Factors which facilitated the application of the French policy of assimilation in the four communes in Senegal

A high percentage of the Mullatoes in the population of the communes who appreciated the European culture, made it easy for the French to apply their policy of assimilation.
The people in the four communes had long interaction with the French trades, administrators and missionaries and this enabled them to appreciate European culture.
A high percentage of the inhabitants of the four communes had been converted to Christianity and this made it possible for the French to apply their policy.

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COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION

What were the results of the development of railway transport in Europe up the end of the Nineteenth century?

24/11/2018

Results of the development of railway transport in Europe up the end of the Nineteenth century

Railway transport led to expansion of trade in Europe as goods were quickly transported from one point to another.
Facilitated the movement of people from one place to another
thus promoted greater interaction among people.
Railway transport promoted agricultural growth as it assured farmers of means of transporting their goods.
The railway transport provided employment opportunities
The development of railway transported led to growth of expansion of urban centres.
It facilitated the development of industries in Europe by providing quick means of transporting raw material, finished materials and industrial workers.
It led to environmental pollution through emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide/ smoke into the atmospheres.

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