State two inventions during the eighteenth century which improved textile industry in Britain14/5/2020 State two inventions during the eighteenth century which improved textile industry in Britain
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Identify two scientific discoveries during the nineteenth century which contributed to food preservation
Discovery of canning Invention of refrigeration Invention of pasteurization Give one main reason why trade union movements were formed in Europe during the nineteenth century.14/5/2020 Give one main reason why trade union movements were formed in Europe during the nineteenth century.
To fight for the welfare of workers/ to enable workers to collectively negotiate for better terms of services with the employers State one main way in which the Agrarian Revolution contributed to the development of urban centres in Europe.
State two distinct characteristic of Home Erectus
Homo erectus had a big brain capacity/ high thinking capacity Homo erectus walked upright/ had an upright posture/ Bipedal Homo erectus had the ability to grasp objects. How do county councils raise funds for their operations?
What services are provided by county councils in Kenya?
Explain five functions of a provincial commissioner in Kenya
What are the benefits of the policy of District Focus for Rural Development in Kenya?
Explain five factors which undermine the work of the police force in Kenya
What actions do police officers in Kenya take from the time an offence is committed up to the time judgement is passed?
arrest the suspected criminal Confine the arrested suspect Provide protection/ security to the suspected criminal Investigate the offence to prepare evidence for prosecution Take the suspended criminal to court Lead the protection/ give evidence Hand over the criminal to prison authority Realistic the suspect if acquitted Explain the contribution Ronald Gideon Ngala to the struggle for independence in Kenya
He mobilized the mijikenda into forming a pressure group – the Mijikenda Union As a member of the African Elected Members Organization, Ngala Pressured for more constitutional reforms for Africans. In 1955 he mobilized people from Mombasa to form the Mombasa African Democratic Union. He was instrumental in the Formation of KADU to defend the interest of the minority African groups against possible domination by KANU. He became the president of the party. Ngala and Mboya led the African delegation which attended the first Lancaster House Conference to discuss the independence constitution He supported and called for the release of detained leaders In May 1963, KADU under the leadership of Ngala formed the first independence government Why did Africans start independent schools in Kenya during the colonial period?
Explain the effects of slave trade on the African communities in Kenya
The raids for slaves by traders led to insecurity and fear making people abandon their economic activities. Able- bodied people were taken away as slaves leaving the weak who could not work effectively. It led to the death of family members denying the family the much needed workforce. Led to loss of skilled labour force e.g. iron smiths Methods used in acquiring slaves such as burning of houses led to destruction of the environment and human suffering Slave raids and slave of people led to depopulation/ displacement Promoted interaction between African communities e.g. the Akamba and Agikuyu Led to the spread and use of Kiswahili in the interior of Kenya Led to the spread of Islam and Islamic culture Opened up the interior of Kenya for European penetration Explain five factors which led to the decline of the coastal towns after 1500
Disruption of trade by the Portuguese resulted in loss of revenue Constant warfare and conflicts between the Portuguese and the coastal towns led to the total destruction of some coastal settlements Invasion of coastal settlement by the Zimba led to the disruption of economic activities of the coastal settlement. Increased conflicts between the city states discouraged traders from the interior to bring trade goods to the coast. The draught spell hindered farming activities Conflicts between the Mazrui family and the AI Busaidi family over the control of the coastal settlement. Taxes levied on the coastal settlements by the corrupt Portugueseadministrators weakened the economic base of the settlements. Rivalry between European Nations for the control of the trade along the East African Coast led to the decline of some coastal towns. Describe the characteristics of the coastal towns by 1500
Kiswahili was used as the main medium of communication in the coastal towns. Islam was the main religion practiced in the towns. Islamic law/Sharia was used in administration. Houses were constructed using Arabic architecture. Trade was the main economic activity in the towns. In the city states were generally divided into two sections, one Muslim and other African. The city states were ruled by Imams/Sultans/sheikhs. The city states were independent political entities. Towns minted and used their own coins/money. People wore woven and silk clothes. The social organization of the Mijikenda during the pre- colonial period
The Mijikenda believed in the existence of one supreme God whom they called Mulungu Prayers were made directly to Mulungu They offered sacrifices to appease Mulungu Priest presided over religious ceremonies and rituals Other people such as the medicenemen, diviners played an important role among the Mijikenda In the city states were generally divided into two sections, one Muslim and the other African The city states were ruled by imams/ Sultans/ Sheikhs The city states were independent political entities Towns minted and used their own coins/ money People wore woven and silk clothes Describe
The political and social organization of Mijikenda The Mijikenda were organized into between 416 clans with many sub- Clans Each man lived in protected villages known as Kaya Young men became members of age – sets after going through circumcision Senior age –set members made up the government council, Kambi The council was responsible for the administration of a clan Council meetings were chaired by headmen The junior age- set members made up the warrior group which was charged with defending the community Why did the Bantu migrate from their coastal settlement at Shungwaya in the sixteenth century?14/5/2020 Why did the Bantu migrate from their coastal settlement at Shungwaya in the sixteenth century?
Invasion of the settlement by the incoming cushites Internal conflicts/ feuds Population increase Outbreak of diseases/ epidermics/ natural calamities Search for more land for settlement and pasture State two functions of Prison in Kenya
They offer security/ protection to prisoners They supervise prisoners/ execute court orders They train prisoners in special skills/ rehabilitate They maintain law and order among prisoners Name two major types of government expenditure
Recurrent expenditure Capital expenditure/ development expenditure Serving expenditure What is the difference between a civil and a criminal dispute?
A civil dispute is between individuals, while a criminal dispute is one in which the law of the land has been broken by individuals. In what way did the Lennox – Boyd constitution contribute to the constitutional changes that led to the attainment of independence in Kenya?
The constitution led to increased number of elected Africans in the legislative council (from 8 to 14) It led to the introduction of multi- racial representation in the legislative Council It led to the increase of the number of African Ministers to two Give one reason why Africans who lived in towns formed social welfare organizations during the colonial period
To provide security To promote unity and a sense of belonging among members To cater for the basic needs of the members |
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