history topical past papers online for kcse knec

High population in some counties making it difficult in the provision of quality services
Poor transport/communication network hinders the movement of goods/service
Inadequate resources make it difficult for the counties to generate enough revenue for development
Rivalry/wrangling among leaders in the counties undermines the governments operation
Inadequate skilled personnel in some departments hampers provision of services
Corruption/embezzlement/misuse of devolved funds slows development in the counties
Delay in remittance of funds to the counties by the National Government hampers the smooth running of the governments
Natural calamities in some counties leads to diversion of some resources to address the emergencies e.g. floods
Duplication of roles in the county causes conflict between the personnel of the two levels of the government.
Interference in their working by the National Government.
Cross-county planning and development some resources such as water or forest land may be serving more than one county.This may bring conflicts between counties.
Structural overlaps - management of cities and urban areas differs from that of rural areas, with more services directed to cities and urban centers.

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State three ways in which the National Government relates with the County Governments in Kenya

25/5/2020

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State three ways in which the National Government relates with the County Governments in Kenya.

There is mutual respect in performance/exercising their powers
They assist/consult/support as appropriate
They should implement legislation of other levels of government
They liaise for purposes of exchanging information/coordinating policies! administration/enhancing capacity
They cooperate in the performance of function/exercise of power/set up joint Committee Joint authority
They set up mechanism for settling dispute
National Government has powers to intervene in a county government if it is unable to perform its functions/the president may suspend a county government

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Explain six problems facing Judiciary in Kenya

25/5/2020

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Explain six problems facing Judiciary in Kenya.

Inadequate personnel/few judicial officers leading to backlog of cases
Alleged corruption in the courts resulting in unfair ruling make the public lose faith in judicial process
Low level of public awareness in their rights/legal procedures making it difficult for many to access justice
High legal fees charged limit people access to justice/expensive lawyers
Inadequate equipment/automation of legal services delay the delivery of judgment
Inadequate funds to finance its services frustrates operations of the judiciary
Interference in the Judicial process by the executive and other influential personalities.

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State three functions of the Chief Justice in Kenya.

25/5/2020

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State three functions of the Chief Justice in Kenya.

Heads the judiciary
Is the president of the Supreme Court
Chairs the Judicial Service Commission
Swears in newly admitted advocates of the High Court
Assigns duties to the judges of the supreme court
Swears into office the President, Deputy President and Cabinet Secretaries

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Describe six achievements of multi-party democracy in Kenya.

25/5/2020

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Describe six achievements of multi-party democracy in Kenya.

It enhances checks and balances as opposition parties point out government excesses
It has opened up democratic space as people can air/express their views without fear of intimidation
It has facilitated mobilization of more people to take part in the democratic process/elections
It has facilitated the provision of civic education to the people thereby empowering them to make informed decisions
It has promoted unity as members of different ethnic groups join political parties of their choice
The creation of many political parties has provided training grounds for political leaders
It has enabled provision of alternative approach to the management of government affairs
It has enabled the opposition to initiate/debate issues that the government may be silent on
It has given people voice in the selection/appointment of public officers.

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Give three factors that led to the introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya in the early 1990 s

25/5/2020

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Give three factors that led to the introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya in the early 1990 s.

The alleged rigging of the 1988 elections/discontent with queuing system of voting
Kanu’s failure to accommodate people with divergent views
Political changes in the Soviet Union/pressure from the international community
Success of multi-party in other parts of Africa
Pressure from the churches/civil society/lawyers/intellectual s/ramp ant corruption.
Repeal of Section 2 A of the constitution
Recommendation of Saitoti Review Committee of 1990.

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Explain five roles played by the trade union movement in the struggle for independence in Kenya.

25/5/2020

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Explain five roles played by the trade union movement in the struggle for independence in Kenya.

It motivated the workers against oppressive colonial government policies thereby promoting anti-government sentiments
It served as a platform/fora for airing African grievances against the colonial government in the absence of political organizations which had been banned
It educated the workers on their rights hence made them agitate for political independence
It organized demonstrations/strikes/boycotts against the colonial government thereby promoting nationalist activities
It provided training grounds for the leaders who led in the nationalist struggle
It exposed the plight of African workers to the international community leading to the condemnation of the colonial government
It demanded for the release of political prisoners/detainees which boosted the struggle for independence

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State five factors that facilitated Mau Mau movement.

25/5/2020

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State five factors that facilitated Mau Mau movement.

The oathing activities which united the nationalists vailability of homemade guns/ammunition
Hilly terrain/existence of forests provided hideouts for the nationalists
Regular food supply/information provided to the fighters
Availability of able/skillful leaders
Use of guerilla tactics to fight the colonialists.

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Explain five problems encountered during the construction of Uganda railway

25/5/2020

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Explain five problems encountered during the construction of Uganda railway

There was shortage of labour as most of the Africans were not willing to provide labour/not skilled.
Adverse climatic conditions/dry condition/heavy rains delayed the construction work.
Attacks by tropical diseases weakened the workers/loss of life slowing down the work/pests.
There was scarcity of essential supplies which made the workers less productive
There was hostility/resistance from African communities who were against the construction of the railway through their land.
The terrain/escarpment posed engineering challenges which slowed down the construction work.
Attack by man eaters of Tsavo/lions caused loss of lives desertions leading to delays/stoppage for some time.
There were delays in delivery of construction materials which delayed the construction/raised the cost of construction.
The transportation of some construction materials was difficult due to their bulkiness

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Give five reasons for the construction of the Uganda railway.

25/5/2020

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Give five reasons for the construction of the Uganda railway.

To facilitate faster movement of troops into the interior
To ensure effective administration/control over British protectorate
To facilitate abolition of slave trade/promotion of legitimate trade
To link the land locked Uganda with the coast/outside world
To enable British to protect her strategic interest in the region
To facilitate exploitation of resources in the region

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Explain five social effects of Indian Ocean Trade on the people of the Kenyan coast up to 1500 AD.

25/5/2020

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Explain five social effects of Indian Ocean Trade on the people of the Kenyan coast up to 1500 AD.

It led to intermarriage between the coastal people and the Arabs giving rise to Swahili people Africans were converted to Islam by Muslim traders
Islamic culture was adopted by the coastal people through interaction with Arabs
It led to new architectural design along the coast
It led to the introduction of Sharia/Islamic laws along the coast - which defined the people’s way of life
It fuelled conflict between the communities as demands for slaves increased leading to insecurity
It led to emergence of Kiswahili as a new language of communication as the locals interacted with the foreigners
It led to the emergence of wealthy merchants who displayed high standards of living.

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State five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast.

25/5/2020

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State five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast.

They had superior weapons
They had better/strong naval power
The coastal towns were not united
They got reinforcement from Goa in India
Some towns did not offer resistance to the Portuguese invasion
They waged surprise attacks
They had well trained soldiers

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Discuss five effects of migration and settlement of the Plain Nilotes during the pre-colonial period.

25/5/2020

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Discuss five effects of migration and settlement of the Plain Nilotes during the pre-colonial period.

They exchanged/traded goods/services with the neighboring communities so as to get what they lacked.
They adopted cultural practices of the communities they interacted with.
They displaced some of the communities they came into contact with.
They absorbed/assimilated some communities leading to extinction of the absorbed groups.
Some of their military tactics were adopted by the neighbouring communities who used them for defence.
They intermarried with their neighbouring communities thus improving their relations.
Some of them adopted farming skills from their Bantu neighbours hence became farmers.
There was conflict/insecurity as they competed over scarce resources.
They influenced some neighbouring communities to adopt their social/political/religious institutions.
It led to increased population in the regions they settled.