history topical past papers online for kcse knec

Identify five contributions made by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in promoting Pan-Africanism.

26/5/2020

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Identify five contributions made by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in promoting Pan-Africanism.

He attended Pan-African Conference in Manchester in 1945.
He organized/hosted Pan-African Conference in Accra in 1958.
He inspired African leaders to unite; .
He encouraged the formation of nationalist movements:
He co-ordinated plans to decolonize West African states/African states.
He supported black civil ri2hts movement in the U.S.A:
He condemned European domination in Africa.

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Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th century.

26/5/2020

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Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th century.

Many lives were lost due to the protractëd war between the two groups:
There was destruction of property as the Mapdinka applied scorched earth policy during the war:
The Mandinka were defeated and hence subjected to French colonial rule/loss of indepence:
The traditional institutions of the Mandinka were disrupted/weakened rendering them inerrective in discharging their duties/functions/Ioss of leadership;
The Mandinka experienced famine as most of the people were engaged in the war at the expense of farming activities:
Many people were displaced by the war, thereby becoming refugees in the neighbouring states;
The war created suffering /misery among the people leading to a state of despair;
Samore Toure was captured and deported to Gabon;
Disruption of economic activities e.g. gold mining and trade:
It laid down ground for African nationalism.

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Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century.

26/5/2020

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Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century.

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Explain five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

26/5/2020

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Explain five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

Positive effects

Through medical researches/experiments terminal diseases which used to kill/disfigure people have been reduced/eradicated:
Advancement in medical science has helped to reduce suffering to relieve people from pain;
It has made surgical operations safer thereby reducing the number of people who die during and after operations:
The invention of vaccines has helped to prevent/control the spread of diseases leading to increased life expectancy:
The technology of developing test tube babies has helped childless couples to have children;
The inventions have made it possible for transplants of body parts such as heart, liver and kidneys, thereby sustaining human life:
Advanced/sophisticated medical equipment which perform computer assisted surgery have been developed.
It has led to job creation for medics/other workers who perform various duties in health institutions;
It has led to the discovery /manufacture of drugs for treating/curing different diseases.

Negative effects .

It has led to loss of lives through abortion.
It has weakened the immune system due to over-dependence of drugs/drug abuse.
Drugs are sometimes expensive and beyond reach of many people.
Careless disposal of used medical products cause harm to human beings.
Use of contraceptives has led to sexual immorality in the society.

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What were the uses of coal during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

26/5/2020

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What were the uses of coal during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

To drive steam engines;
To provide lighting;
To heat water;
To drive locomotives;
To manufacture dyes/pharmaceutical products/raw materials in industries;
To produce coke.

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Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s way of life.

26/5/2020

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Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s way of life.

The early man was able to move/walk/run faster with long strides;
Man could use the hands to carry out farming activities;
Man could use the hands to grasp items conveniently;
Man could spot/sight the animals/wild fruits which he used to hunt/gather from far distances;
Man could see the impending danger from a distance and take appropriate measures;
Man used hands to make tools/ weapons which were used for different purposes.
Man used the hands to defend himself/attack the enemies.
Man used the hands to perform/carry out domestic chores/young ones.

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Give five reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the Stone Age period.

26/5/2020

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Give five reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the Stone Age period.

Wild animals are dangerous/could kill people;
They could surround the animals;
Spotting/locating the animal was easier;
Less time was taken to catch the animals;
To give moral encouragement/team spirit;
They could catch more animals

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Explain the challenges faced by the Nationalists in Mozambique.

26/5/2020

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Explain the challenges faced by the Nationalists in Mozambique.

They lacked basic needs such as food, clothes and medicine.
Ideological differences led to the formation of rival guerrilla movements such as MANU, COREMO and FRELIMO.
The nationalist were demoralised due to the assassination of their leader Eduardo Mondlane.
The Portuguese government ruthlessly suppressed the nationalist movement.
The South African apartheid government assisted the Portuguese to fight the nationalists.
Portugal outlawed political movements
The Christian church in Mozambique condemned the nationalist movement

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Give five reasons that encouraged nationalists in Mozambique to use armed struggle to attain independence.

26/5/2020

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Give five reasons that encouraged nationalists in Mozambique to use armed struggle to attain independence.

Portugal refused to listen to the grievances of the Africans.
The nationalists were trained in fighting skills.
The liberation committee of the Organization of African Unity/Tanzania and other (O.A.U) members supported the nationalists with finance and weapons.
The nationalists were supported and encouraged by communist countries.
The success of Mau Mau freedom fighters in Kenya inspired them.
The country was forested and conducive for guerilla warfare.
The United Nations (UN) denounced colonialism thus boosting the morale of the nationalists.

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Outline the social organization of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period.

26/5/2020

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Outline the social organization of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period.

They were organized into clans which had their own traditions/customs.
They worshipped many gods with Katonda as their supreme God/polytheism
The people highly regarded the Kabaka whom they considered to be semidivine.
The people believed in life after death since they worshipped the spirits of the dead.
The umbilical cord/jaw bones of the Kabaka were preserved for future remembrance.
The people performed sacrifices during the time of misfortune/fortune.
They had symbols of royalty in form of royal drums/spears/crowns which were kept at the Kabaka's palace
They had religious shrines which were scattered all over the Kingdom.
They were polygamous /married many wives in order to strengthen social relations

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Outline five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th Century.

26/5/2020

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Outline five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th Century.

They grew crops for food/trade;
They carried out trade among themselves/other groups.
They were involved in mining;
They practiced Art and crafts/basketry/weaving
They practiced iron working/black smithing;
They did hunting/gathering;
They practiced pottery making

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Describe six factors that have encouraged industrialisation in South Africa.

26/5/2020

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Describe six factors that have encouraged industrialisation in South Africa.

The availability of many sources of energy to provide the required power of industrialization.
The existence of varied mineral resources to sustain the process of industrialization.
The presence of well developed transport network a infrastructure to facilitate the movement of raw materials and finished industrial goods to the market.
The availability of both internal and external markets for their manufactured goods.
The availability of both skilled and unskilled manpower required for industrialization.
The availability of capital generated from South African trade in other goods has enabled her to set up industries.
The government’s sound industrial policies which encouraged both local and foreign investors to boost industrialization.
The high quality of goods has led to increased demand for South African manufactured goods.
The political stability in the country since the end of the apartheid era has created a conducive environment for industrial development.

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Outline three challenges faced by factory workers in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.

26/5/2020

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Outline three challenges faced by factory workers in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.

They were paid low wages/salaries
They worked for long hours
They were exposed to accidents
Accidents victims were laid off without compensation.
Inadequate housing made them live in slums.
They suffered from diseases due to poor sanitation/pollution

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Describe six results of iron working technology on African communities before the 19th Century.

26/5/2020

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Describe six results of iron working technology on African communities before the 19th Century.

The use of iron tools made cultivation of the l and easier/f aster as they were more eff icient.
Iron tools were used to clear f orests thereby enabling people to migrate/settle in new areas.
Iron weapons were used to fight other communities thereby increasing warfare/ conflicts.
It led to the rise of professional smiths who were accorded high status in the community
The demand for iron tools enhanced trade between communities.
Communities were able to protect themselves better using iron weapons.
Powerful states emerged as iron weapons were used to conquer/annex weaker communities/territories
Iron implements were used as a medium of exchange thereby facilitating trade transactions.
The use of iron tools/implements led to increased food production, since more land was brought under cultivation
Led to development of towns e.g Meroe.

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Give three disadvantages of hunting as an economic activity by early human beings.

26/5/2020

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Give three disadvantages of hunting as an economic activity by early human beings.

It was difficult to locate/spot the animals
Animals were a threat/dangerous to humans;
It required many people;
Hunting was time consuming;
It was tiresome/cumbersome;
Animals ran f aster than man

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Describe six factors that have influenced industrialisation in Kenya since independence.

25/5/2020

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Describe six factors that have influenced industrialisation in Kenya since independence.

The availability of modern sources of energy has enabled the establishment of more industries which process different products.
Availability of both skilled /unskilled labour from large population provides the workforce needed in industries.
Good transport and communication has created a viable environment for industrial development as the products can be transported with ease.
The agriculturally rich country provides raw materials required in the processing of various products.
The existence of mineral resources has given rise to industries which process them into finished products.
The existenance of both natural and man- made forests has promoted the development for furniture industries in many parts of the country.
Availability of water resources rich in fish has given rise to fish processing industries in the country.
Government initiatives through creation of trade, commerce and industry

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State three challenges that hinder government effort to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya.

25/5/2020

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State three challenges that hinder government effort to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya.

Traditional/cultural beliefs in some communities discourage people from schooling.
Lack of enough schools/inadequate educational facilities has made education inaccessible in some regions/shortage of teachers.
High poverty levels in the society has made education unaffordable.
Misconceptions that one can succeed without education.
Nomadic ways of life in some communities has hampered provision of education.
Negative attitude towards adult education programmes has resulted in low enrolment
Insecurity in some regions

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Explain the role played by Thomas Joseph Mboya in the development of trade union movement in Kenya.

25/5/2020

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Explain the role played by Thomas Joseph Mboya in the development of trade union movement in Kenya.

He was instrumental in the formation of trade union movement.
He served as a leader in trade union organizations both locally and internationally.
He organized protests/ demonstrations against the arrest and harassment of trade union members/workers.
He liaised with international trade union organizations where he gained knowledge/ experience of running trade unions.
He solicited for funds to finance the activities of trade Union movement in Kenya.
He organized trade union courses/ seminars in various parts of the country to educate the workers/leaders.
He agitated for better terms/conditions for workers.
He attended courses on industrial relations abroad where he gained knowledge on labour relations

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Outline five grievances expressed by the Kikuyu Central Association and presented by Jomo Kenyatta to the Colonial Secretary in 1929.

25/5/2020

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Outline five grievances expressed by the Kikuyu Central Association and presented by Jomo Kenyatta to the Colonial Secretary in 1929.

Land alienation.
Taxation of Africans.
Lack of African representation at Legco
Lack of quality/poor education for Africans.
Release of Harry Thuku.
Abolition of forced labour
Abolition of Kipande system

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Describe six negative effects of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya.

25/5/2020

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Describe six negative effects of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya.

Colonial rule led to the loss of political independence
Creation of reserves for Africans led to the emergence of Squatters
It led to the introduction of forced labour among the Africans
Led to the introduction of taxation on Kenyans
Creation of colonial boundaries split communities and affected their social cohesion.
Africans in Kenya lost their land to Europeans settlers leading to landlessness
Colonial rule undermined African cultural practices
It destroyed traditional African political systems replacing them with appointed leaders
Introduced segregation/ colour bar which created divisions among Kenyans

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Outline three reasons of Somali resistance against the British rule in Kenya in the 19th Century.

25/5/2020

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Outline three reasons of Somali resistance against the British rule in Kenya in the 19th Century.

The Somali were opposed to the division of Somaliland into the British and Italian spheres of influence which separated the clans
They were opposed to punitive expeditions sent against them by the British
The Somali people being Muslims were opposed to being controlled by the British who were Christians
The British attempted to stop the Somali raiding activities against their neighbours
The Somali were against British Control of their pasture land and watering points
The British wanted the Somali to drop their nomadic way of life

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Explain five results of the Maasai collaboration with the British in the early 20th Century.

25/5/2020

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Explain five results of the Maasai collaboration with the British in the early 20th Century.

Lenana was made a paramount chief of the Maasai because of his cooperation.
They lost land which was taken up by the British for farming/settlement.
They were rewarded with material wealth/granted favoured status due to their cooperation.
They lost their independence/were manipulated as their land became a British protectorate.
It led to the division/separation between those for/against collaboration thereby weakening them further.
They were hired as mercenaries to assist the British in subduing/suppressing communities that were resisting establishment of colonial rule.
It led to the eviction/displacement of the Maasai thereby causing untold suffering/loss of livelihood.
It led to the disruption of their economic structure thereby causing loss of wealth

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Identify five causes of the Nandi resistance against British invasion in Kenya

25/5/2020

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Identify five causes of the Nandi resistance against British invasion in Kenya

They wanted to safeguard their independence
They were proud people who disliked interference by strangers
Had successfully raided /fought their neighbours/intruders in the past
They disliked the whiteman's/European skin colour/dressing.
They did not want to lose their land.
They fought to avert the fulfillment of Kimnyole/Orkoiyors prophecy
They had an able leader who inspired them to fight/resist.

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Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique.

25/5/2020

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Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique.

The local people supported the fighters thereby inspiring them
FRELIMO cultivated its own food which ensured regular/steady supply to the fighters
The FRELIMO fighters were familiar with the terrain which gave them advantage over the Portuguese
Support by communist countries/USSR/China inform of weapons/ammunition/finance enabled them to continue with the struggle
The support given by the OAU to the FRELIMO encouraged the nationalists to continue with the struggle
FRELIMO used guerilla warfare/tactics which made it difficult for the Portuguese to defeat them
The system of administration established in the liberated areas by FRELIMO appealed to the Africans who in turn supported them
Friendly frontline states provided bases for operation making it difficult for the Portuguese to suppress them
The recognition of the role of women by FRELIMO
Elimination of ethnicity among the nationalists
FRELIMO strategy of attacking from different points at the same time.
The large army that outnumbered the Portuguese solders.
Coup in Portugal in 1974 by soldiers who were against colonial wars.

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State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana

25/5/2020

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State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana

The unemployment of young educated people.
The existence of elite.
High prices of consumer goods/the poor prices of cocoa.
The discontent of the ex-servicemen.
Africans were denied trading licences
Granting of independence to India/Pakistan.
Influence from Pan African Movement.
The declaration of the UN Charter.
Inadequate representation in the legco.
Forced taxation.
The decision by the British to built a university in Ibadan rather than in Ghana caused discontent among the Ghanaians.
Loss of power of local traditional chiefs.
Need to guard against possible land alienation by the British united the Africans.
Forced cuffing of the cocoa trees.
Charismatic leadership provided by Kwame Nkruma united the people.

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Identify five contributions made by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in promoting Pan-Africanism.

Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th century.

Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century.

Explain five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

What were the uses of coal during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s way of life.

Give five reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the Stone Age period.

Explain the challenges faced by the Nationalists in Mozambique.

Give five reasons that encouraged nationalists in Mozambique to use armed struggle to attain independence.

Outline the social organization of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period.

Outline five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th Century.

Describe six factors that have encouraged industrialisation in South Africa.

Outline three challenges faced by factory workers in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.

Describe six results of iron working technology on African communities before the 19th Century.

Give three disadvantages of hunting as an economic activity by early human beings.

Describe six factors that have influenced industrialisation in Kenya since independence.

State three challenges that hinder government effort to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya.

Explain the role played by Thomas Joseph Mboya in the development of trade union movement in Kenya.

Outline five grievances expressed by the Kikuyu Central Association and presented by Jomo Kenyatta to the Colonial Secretary in 1929.

Describe six negative effects of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya.

Outline three reasons of Somali resistance against the British rule in Kenya in the 19th Century.

Explain five results of the Maasai collaboration with the British in the early 20th Century.

Identify five causes of the Nandi resistance against British invasion in Kenya

Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique.

State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana

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