history topical past papers online for kcse knec

Six political challenges which were experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo at independence.

27/5/2020

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Six political challenges which were experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo at independence.

Competition for political dominance by political parties polarized the country thereby undermining unity.
Ethnic differences undermined nationalist cause thereby dividing the country.
The mutiny staged by Africans soldiers created a state of lawlessness in the Country.
Secession of some regions/Kasai/Katanga caused instability in the central government hence weakening it.
Political assassination created differences among leaders/followers thereby creating tension in the country.
Africans were ill-prepared for independence hence the government lacked adequate personnel with management/professional skills which were required to run the government.
Personality differences among leaders ignited conflict amongst their followers too.
Belgium interference in the affairs of the country undermined the independence of the Africans/UNO interference.
The killing of Belgium nationals following the army mutiny created a state of lawlessness.
Political and ideological differences between Lumumba and Kasavubu.

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Three ways in which the government of Tanzania nationalized the resources following the Arusha Declaration

27/5/2020

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Three ways in which the government of Tanzania nationalized the resources following the Arusha Declaration

Africans were put in control of the factors of production.
Africans were put in charge of means of production.
Marketing of the produce was placed in the hands of Africans.
The distribution of government resources was done by the Africans.

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Six effects of Second World War

27/5/2020

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Many people both soldiers and civilians lost their lives during the war.
It led to widespread suffering/misery as many people were displaced when their homes were destroyed.
It led to rise of debts as countries involved borrowed a lot of money to finance the war/ economic depression/economic slump.
Property was destroyed as bombs were used thereby impoverishing the people.
It led to emergence of USA and USSR as super powers with different ideologies.
It led to establishment of Communist governance in Eastern Europe like Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
Germany was partitioned into East and West thereby creating Capitalist and Communist Germany.
It caused the fall of dictators in Europe like Hitler of Germany/Mussolini of Italy.
People were displaced from their areas thereby becoming refugees like the Jews/Stays/Poles.
It led to rise of nationalism in Asia/Africa following the return of ex-servicemen who organized/formed political movements.
The USA introduced the Marshall Plan to assist weakened European powers..
It led to improvement in military technology/industries leading to the production of advanced military hardware/arms race.
It led to increased dependency of European powers on their colonies for raw materials for their reconstruction programmes.
It changed the status of women as they were now recognized as able decision makers/leaders of families during the absence of their husbands.
It led to the formation of the United Nations Organization to replace the League Of Nations which had failed to maintain World peace/security.
The atomic bombs used against Japan released radioactive substances which negatively affected lives of many people.
Agriculture and industry were disrupted due to lack of equipment, raw materials and human resources.
External trade almost came to a standstill due to fear and insecurity.
There was high inflation rate which led to high cost of living.
Division of Europe into two opposing blocs; the Eastern and Western.
The myth of European military superiority was destroyed due to the defeat of the British and the American forces in the Far East by the Japanese.
Creation of the state of Israel to settle the displaced Jews.
The war created unemployment due to destruction of industries.
It led to the spread of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, venereal diseases like syphilis.
Permanent ill health and shortening of life for millions of people as a result of Captivity/starvation/famine.

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Three political causes of the First World War.

27/5/2020

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Three political causes of the First World War.

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
Arms race.
Formation of alliances.
Development of nationalism.
Desire for revenge.
Rivalry over colonial possession.
The Moroccan crisis.
The Italo-Turkish dispute over Libya.
The Balkan crisis/wars.

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Explain six factors which have undermined government effort in the provision of health services in Kenya since independence.

27/5/2020

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Explain six factors which have undermined government effort in the provision of health services in Kenya since independence.

Inadequate funding by the government which has resulted into provision of poor services.
Corruption in the health sector has made it difficult for the government to provide equipment/facilities/medicine required.
Inadequate hospitals/dispensaries/health centers makes it difficult for many people to access health service s/high population.
Poor payment/remuneration of health workers has demoralized them hence making them less productive/brain drain.
Frequent/industrial unrests by health workers has resulted into death/suffering of many patients.
Inadequate facilities/equipment has made it difficult for the public to access quality services.
Poor supervision of health workers has led to infiltration of the sector by unqualified health providers.
The spread of HIV/AIDS pandemic/terminal diseases like cancer has increased the cost of treatment/medication.
Poverty/cost sharing policy has hindered some people from accessing health services.
The unforeseen high rate of accidents/injuries has strained the scarce resources.

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Three groups which provide health services in Kenya

27/5/2020

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Three groups which provide health services in Kenya

Government.
Non-government organizations.
Religious groups/institutions.
Private institution/companies.
Charitable organizations.
International organizations.
Individuals.

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Discuss six functions of the cabinet in Kenya.

27/5/2020

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Discuss six functions of the cabinet in Kenya.

it performs any duties delegated to it by the president.
It appoints board members of the parastatals in their respective ministries.
It initiates new bills/government bills which are debated in the parliament.
It formulates policies/programmes of the government and interprets them to the people.
They coordinate/control activities in the respective ministries.
It updates the president on the progress of activities taking place in the ministries.
It advises the president on matters pertaining to the administration/governance of the country.
Through the Minister for Finance, it prepares the budget which shows government expenditure/sources o f revenue.
Provide parliament with full and regular reports concerning matters under their control.

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Three qualifications for a person to contest for Presidency in Kenya.

27/5/2020

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Three qualifications for a person to contest for Presidency in Kenya.

One should be a Kenyan citizen by birth.
Be nominated by a political party/be an independent candidate.
Be qualified to stand for election as a member of parliament.
Should be nominated by not fewer than two thousand voters from each o f a majority Of the counties.
Be of sound mind.
Not have served for more than two (2) consecutive terms as president.
Must be a registered voter.
Does not owe allegiance to a foreign state.
One should not have been declared bankrupt by the court of law.
One must meet the requirements of Chapter Six of the Constitution of Kenya/integrity.

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Explain six factors which undermines the provision of services by the County Government in Kenya.

27/5/2020

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Explain six factors which undermines the provision of services by the County Government in Kenya.

Corruption/Embezzlement of funds by some officers denies them funds required for effective service delivery.
Over employment by counties results in bloated wage bills at the expense of development projects.
Inadequate/insufficient funds makes it difficult for them to meet ail of their obligations.
Interference by the National Government/politicians which creates conflicts of interest.
Delay in disbursement of funds by National Government slows down/halts operations/service delivery.
Poor infrastructure/roads in some counties slows down movement of goods and services.
Tribalism/favoritism in employment creates division/conflicts/misunderstanding amongst communities living in the County.
Duplication of roles between the County government and National Government leads to wastage of resources.
Uncollected garbage/dumping of waste leads to the pollution of the environment
Traffic congestion in major cities! towns slows down the movement of people/wastage of tithe.
Inadequate skilled personnel causes delays in the provision of specialized services.
Increase in the number of street children/families poses a threat to security.
High population in some counties making it difficult to provide quality services
Rivalry /wrangling among leaders in the counties undermine the government’s operations.
Natural calamities in some counties like floods lead to diversion of some resources to address the emergencies which are usually costly.

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The composition of the County Assembly in Kenya Elected members.

27/5/2020

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The composition of the County Assembly in Kenya Elected members.

Nominated members.
The speaker, who is ex-official.

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Explain six functions of the president of India.

26/5/2020

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Explain six functions of the president of India.

He/she dissolves/calls elections of the lower house of parliament/Lok Sabha/House of the people;
The president assents/vetoes bills that have been passed by parliament;
The president is the commander in-chief of the armed forces;
The president appoints state governors/attorney general/supreme court judges;
The president declares a state of emergency when national security is threatened;
The president appoints the prime minister on advice of parliament/He calls the leader of the winning party to form government;
He/she is a symbol of national unity.
He establish special councils to arbitrate on inter state disputes.
He nominates 12 members to the Council of state/Upper House/Rajja Sabha.
He is the leader of political party that nominates him for election.
He pardons offenders.
He makes regulations for certain union territories.

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Identify three circumstances that may make a vice-president assume presidency in India.

26/5/2020

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Identify three circumstances that may make a vice-president assume presidency in India.

When the sitting president dies;
If the president becomes incapacitated;
When the president resigns;
When the president is removed/impeached.

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Explain the political challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the reign of Mobutu Sese Seko.

26/5/2020

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Explain the political challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the reign of Mobutu Sese Seko.

The banning of opposition political parties created a one party state which stifled democracy in the country;
The dictatorial regime was introduced by replacing federal system with the central government under his control:
Appointments based on loyalty/kinship in administration created disunity in the country;
The stripping off parliament of its powers through constitutional amendments led to the establishment of a totalitarian regime;
The opposition to the government created uncertainty/tension in the country leading to the arrests/harassment of opposition leaders;
The riots/demonstrations due to the civilians’ dissatisfaction with the regime caused political tension/stability in the country;
Civil wars divided the country along tribal line hence compromising national unity:
Rebellion against the regime backed by external forces led to the overthrowing of the government.

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State three ways in which the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) promoted the education of Africans after independence.

26/5/2020

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State three ways in which the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) promoted the education of Africans after independence.

Education facilities were expanded/construction of schools;
More Africans were encouraged to join school;
The curriculum was revised to conform to the needs of the people/ provided quality education;
The government established universities/tertiary institutions.

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Explain six problems experienced by the French administration in Senegal.

26/5/2020

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Explain six problems experienced by the French administration in Senegal.

3 Comments

State three similarities between the French and the British structure of administration in Africa.

26/5/2020

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State three similarities between the French and the British structure of administration in Africa.

Both had a governor as the chief executive of the colony;
They had provinces as administrative units;
Both had districts as administrative units;
Both had locations as administrative units:
They had sub-locations.

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Explain the functions of the United States Congress.

26/5/2020

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Explain the functions of the United States Congress.

It acts as a check on the executive arm of the government by examining administrative work.
It approves taxation measures and makes sure that the government expenditure is properly used and accounted for.
Making laws
Amend laws.
Senate approves treaties with foreign countries
It can appoint a commission of inquiry to investigate any problem.
Senior civil servants are appointed by the president with the approval of the senate.
Congress closely monitors the conduct of the president, vice president and other senior public officials.
Congress is a representative body elected by the people and it reflects the aspiration and interest of the American people.

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State three requirements one has to fulfil in order to contest as a presidential candidate in the United states of America (USA)

26/5/2020

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State three requirements one has to fulfil in order to contest as a presidential candidate in the United states of America (USA)

Be at least 35 years old.
Be an American citizen by birth.
Must have been a resident of the country for 14 years

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Describe six causes of the cold war after 1945

26/5/2020

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Describe six causes of the cold war after 1945

The disagreements between the Soviet Union and the United States of America over reduction of arms led to arms race.
The occupation of Eastern Europe by Soviet Union caused fear among U.S.A and its allies in Western Europe/Iron curtain policy by the USSR.
The ideological differences pursued by the U.S.A and U.S.S.R created mistrust/suspicion among them leading to hostility.
The domination of the United Nations by the United States of America and her allies was checked by U.S.S.R through the use of her veto power thus increasing the tension.
The involvement of both United States of America and U.S.S.R in European conflicts in the late 1940s created tension among them.
America’s Marshal Plan to revive European economies after the war made U.S.S.R to counteract by forming a similar one/COMECON thus enhancing tension.
Formation of military alliances/N.A.T.O by United States of America and her allies led to U.S.S.R and her allies to form a similar alliance/Warsaw pact thus intensifying the rivalry.
Construction of the Berlin wall by U.S.S.R in Germany to block Westerners after the Second World War

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Highlight the role played by the United States of America (USA) in ending the second World War.

26/5/2020

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Highlight the role played by the United States of America (USA) in ending the second World War.

The U.S.A provided modern military equipment to the allied forces.
She gave financial support to the allied forces.
She provided military personnel to the allied powers.
U.S.A blockaded the Panama Canal against the central powers.
She dropped atomic bombs at Horishoma and Nagasaki which forced Japan to surrender.

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Discuss the difference between the Organisation of African Unity(OAU) and the African Union (AU).

26/5/2020

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Discuss the difference between the Organisation of African Unity(OAU) and the African Union (AU).

The structure of the African Union is more elaborate than that of the Organisation of African Unity/The African Union has more organs than the Organization of African Unity.
African Union unlike the Organisation of African Unity has the mandate to intervene in the internal affairs of member states who violate human rights.
African Union is viewed as an organisation of African peoples while Organisation of African Unity was an organisation of African executives.
African Union has an ambitious economic development agenda for Africa Orgnisation of African Unity was mainly concerned with political issues of the continent.
African Union has an accountability mechanism/the African Peer Review Mechanism while the Organisation of African Unity lacked it.
The Organisation of African Unity was formed by independent African countries to fight colonialism where as African Union focuses on the challenges facing African countries today.
The African Union has established the court of Justice to handle cases involving victims of human rights violation within the member states while Organisation of African Unity lacked this agency.
The African Union unlike the Organisation of African Unity has established a close working relationship with other countries of the world through Information Communication Technology to enhance globalization.
The African Union has proposed the creation of a standing African army whereas the Organization of African Unity did not think of it.

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Outline five aims of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).

26/5/2020

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Outline five aims of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).

To promote unity among African states.
To end all forms of colonialism in Africa.
To promote human rights in African countries in line with the United Nations’ Charter.
To promote social, economic and political cooperation in Africa in order to uplift the peoples standards of living.
To uphold the policy of non-alignment in international affairs.
To uphold the policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of member states.
To recognize/respect the territorial/sovereignty of member states.
To promote peaceful settlement of disputes among member states.

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Explain six challenges encountered by the Kenya Police Service in the course of discharging their duties.

25/5/2020

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Explain six challenges encountered by the Kenya Police Service in the course of discharging their duties.

Lack of support/negative attitude from the members of the public who/withhold useful information
Corruption among some officers renders them ineffective in discharging their duties
Inadequate transport facilities hamper their movement making it difficult to respond to emergencies.
Sophisticated weapons used by criminals threaten/endanger police officer’s lives.
Inadequate modern communication equipment makes it difficult for them to relay/pass confidential information.
Interference by politicians/members of the public demoralizes/frustrates their efforts
Betrayal by some officers who collude with criminals to break the law/subvert justice.
Inadequate training of the officers renders them incompetent in discharging their duties
Increased acts of terrorism/crime
Poor working and living conditions e.g. poor housing/low salaries.

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Give the three categories of the Kenya Defence Forces.

25/5/2020

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Give the three categories of the Kenya Defence Forces.

The Kenya Army
The Kenya Air force
The Kenya Navy

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Explain the importance of separation of powers between the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in Kenya.

25/5/2020

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Explain the importance of separation of powers between the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in Kenya.

To make the co-ordination of government programmes and administration effective.
To enable the government to facilitate division of labour.
It helps prevent abuse of power/provides checks and balances.
It promotes efficient service delivery.
It is a constitutional requirement
To enhance accountability
It promotes transparency/openness in government dealings.
It ensures that no arm of the government interferes with the other.

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Six political challenges which were experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo at independence.

Three ways in which the government of Tanzania nationalized the resources following the Arusha Declaration

Three political causes of the First World War.

Explain six factors which have undermined government effort in the provision of health services in Kenya since independence.

Three groups which provide health services in Kenya

Discuss six functions of the cabinet in Kenya.

Three qualifications for a person to contest for Presidency in Kenya.

Explain six factors which undermines the provision of services by the County Government in Kenya.

The composition of the County Assembly in Kenya Elected members.

Explain six functions of the president of India.

Identify three circumstances that may make a vice-president assume presidency in India.

Explain the political challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the reign of Mobutu Sese Seko.

State three ways in which the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) promoted the education of Africans after independence.

Explain six problems experienced by the French administration in Senegal.

State three similarities between the French and the British structure of administration in Africa.

Explain the functions of the United States Congress.

State three requirements one has to fulfil in order to contest as a presidential candidate in the United states of America (USA)

Describe six causes of the cold war after 1945

Highlight the role played by the United States of America (USA) in ending the second World War.

Discuss the difference between the Organisation of African Unity(OAU) and the African Union (AU).

Outline five aims of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).

Explain six challenges encountered by the Kenya Police Service in the course of discharging their duties.

Give the three categories of the Kenya Defence Forces.

Explain the importance of separation of powers between the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in Kenya.

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