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Explain six challenges which were faced by the Nationalists in South Africa during the Apartheid rule.

28/5/2020

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Explain six challenges which were faced by the Nationalists in South Africa during the Apartheid rule.

They were harassed/detained/jailed by security agents which demoralized them.
Political parties/Associations were banned thereby denying them their rights to associate/assemble.
They were forced into exile as they feared to be persecuted/tortured/death.
The Pass Laws introduced by the apartheid regime/government curtailed their movement.
The regime prescribed/censored publication which denied them the right access to information.
Their communities were divided along ethnic lines/creation of Bantu? and hampered the formation of a united front.
Inadequate funds made it difficult for them to undertake their activities effectively.
The nationalists were not united, creating division among them.

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State three external factors which speeded up the growth of African nationalism during the struggle for independence.

28/5/2020

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State three external factors which speeded up the growth of African nationalism during the struggle for independence.

The rise of Communism in Russia condemned colonialism/supported liberation movements.
The interaction/experience gained by the ex-servicemen during the world wars.
The United Nations advocated for political independence.
The granting of independence to India/Pakistan.
The influence of Pan-African Movement.
The Labour Party government in Britain was against colonialism.

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Discuss six features of the Constitution of Kenya (2010).

28/5/2020

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Discuss six features of the Constitution of Kenya (2010).

Sovereignty of the people and supremacy of the Constitution.
The Republic which ¡s sovereign multiparty democratic state founded on national values and principles illustrated within the Constitution.
Citizenship and its entitlements like passport/any documents of registration.
The Bill of Rights which guarantees enjoyment of the rights/fundamental freedoms entitled to everyone.
The land and environment; land shall be held, used and managed in an equitable, efficient, productive and sustainable manner.
Leadership and integrity which stipulates the expected conduct of public officers.
Representation of the people which provides guiding principles to the electoral processes in the country /including the method of conducting elections/qualifications of candidates.
The Legislature which is the law making body in the country.
The Executive which deals with the execution of the law/implementing government policies.
The Judiciary which comprises of the courts of law and judicial officers and deals with the interpretation of the law and administration of justice.
Devolved government which comprises the County Assembly and County Executive
Public finance where a Consolidated Fund is developed and into which all money is paid.
The Public Service which enhances high standards of professional ethics/effective economic use of resources.
National security which states that security agencies shall exist and their roles clearly stipulated.
There are independent commissions and offices such as IEBC, C.R.A., and Police Service Commission whose functions are clearly spelt out.
Amendment of the Constitution which stipulates ways of effecting amendments.
It provides General Provisions which gives guidelines on enforcement interpretation of the Constitution.
Transition and Consequential provisions which contain definitions of terms used in the Constitution.

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State three roles of the Commission on Revenue Allocation (C.R.A.).

28/5/2020

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State three roles of the Commission on Revenue Allocation (C.R.A.).

Making recommendations concerning basis for equitable sharing of resources.
Making recommendations on matters concerning the financing off/financial management by County governments.
To define/enhance the revenue sources of the National and County Governments.
To encourage fiscal! financial responsibility.
To determine/publish/regularly review policy which sets out criteria for identifying the marginalized areas.

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Explain six factors which can interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya.

28/5/2020

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Explain six factors which can interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya.

Corruption among electoral officials/other players, which compromises fairness of the electoral process.
Election violence during the election period, which may discourage/turn away potential voters from exercising their democratic right of voting.
Illiteracy of some voters may make them easily misled when voting/exposes them to the danger of being misled.
Incompetent election officials can mismanage the process thereby undermining its effectiveness.
Rigging may interfere with elections where the wrong candidate is declaredthe winner/right candidate is denied victory.
Lack/inadequate civic education denies the electorate opportunity to learn about the importance of participating in elections.
Poor physical infrastructure where some polling stations may be inaccessible and hence denying voters in such areas a chance to vote.
Harassment of voters by supporters of different candidates/parties can prevent voters from voting in certain regions/ strongholds/zones.
Electoral equipment like BVR Kits can breakdown during elections thereby slowing down the process.

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State three reasons why the independence of the Judiciary is important in Kenya.

28/5/2020

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State three reasons why the independence of the Judiciary is important in Kenya.

It helps in the provision of services efficiently/effectively.
It safeguards itself from abuse by the Legislature/Executive.
It enables the courts to interpret the law without fear,favour or pressure/any form of influence.
It is the basis of the Rule of Law.
It ensures people enjoy their rights/freedoms.

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Explain six functions of returning officers in a general election in Kenya.

28/5/2020

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Explain six functions of returning officers in a general election in Kenya.

They receive nomination papers from prospective candidates inwards/constituencies/counties/country’ s presidential candidates.
They set up polling stations/booths in each polling station where voting takes place.
They distribute ballot papers/boxes to all polling stations which are manned by presiding officers.
They supervise voting and counting of votes in the constituency.
They receive/tally/verify constituency poll results before announcing them.
They appoint presiding officers who are put in charge of polling stations.
They tally the presidential results from the constituencies/counties and relay them to the National Tallying Centre.

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Name three categories of members who make a County Assembly in Kenya.

28/5/2020

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Name three categories of members who make a County Assembly in Kenya.

Elected ward representatives/MCAs).
Nominated members.
The Speaker who is ex-official.

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Six responsibilities of the state governments in the United States of America.

27/5/2020

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Six responsibilities of the state governments in the United States of America.

They establish the law courts which administer justice in the states.
They allow for the formation of Local government which cater for the people’s interests/provide services in the rural areas.
They provide educational services to the people.
They maintain law and order through state police department which ensures adherence to the law.
They generate revenue required to finance their operations.
They regulate labour/industry! trade in the state by making appropriate legislation.
They regulate commerce/trade in order to ensure stability in the sector.
They provide health services to the people.
They provided recreational services to the people.
They make/passes laws for the state/do legislation.

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Three ways in which the Monarch is important in Britain.

27/5/2020

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Three ways in which the Monarch is important in Britain.

It contributes to better understanding between Britain and other countries.
It provides continuity to the executive authority.
It is a symbol of Commonwealth unity.
It sets the standards for social life.
It inspires the head of government with a senses of responsibility/dignity.
It acts as a useful counselor of the head of the government.

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Six political challenges which were experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo at independence.

27/5/2020

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Six political challenges which were experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo at independence.

Competition for political dominance by political parties polarized the country thereby undermining unity.
Ethnic differences undermined nationalist cause thereby dividing the country.
The mutiny staged by Africans soldiers created a state of lawlessness in the Country.
Secession of some regions/Kasai/Katanga caused instability in the central government hence weakening it.
Political assassination created differences among leaders/followers thereby creating tension in the country.
Africans were ill-prepared for independence hence the government lacked adequate personnel with management/professional skills which were required to run the government.
Personality differences among leaders ignited conflict amongst their followers too.
Belgium interference in the affairs of the country undermined the independence of the Africans/UNO interference.
The killing of Belgium nationals following the army mutiny created a state of lawlessness.
Political and ideological differences between Lumumba and Kasavubu.

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Three ways in which the government of Tanzania nationalized the resources following the Arusha Declaration

27/5/2020

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Three ways in which the government of Tanzania nationalized the resources following the Arusha Declaration

Africans were put in control of the factors of production.
Africans were put in charge of means of production.
Marketing of the produce was placed in the hands of Africans.
The distribution of government resources was done by the Africans.

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Six effects of Second World War

27/5/2020

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Many people both soldiers and civilians lost their lives during the war.
It led to widespread suffering/misery as many people were displaced when their homes were destroyed.
It led to rise of debts as countries involved borrowed a lot of money to finance the war/ economic depression/economic slump.
Property was destroyed as bombs were used thereby impoverishing the people.
It led to emergence of USA and USSR as super powers with different ideologies.
It led to establishment of Communist governance in Eastern Europe like Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
Germany was partitioned into East and West thereby creating Capitalist and Communist Germany.
It caused the fall of dictators in Europe like Hitler of Germany/Mussolini of Italy.
People were displaced from their areas thereby becoming refugees like the Jews/Stays/Poles.
It led to rise of nationalism in Asia/Africa following the return of ex-servicemen who organized/formed political movements.
The USA introduced the Marshall Plan to assist weakened European powers..
It led to improvement in military technology/industries leading to the production of advanced military hardware/arms race.
It led to increased dependency of European powers on their colonies for raw materials for their reconstruction programmes.
It changed the status of women as they were now recognized as able decision makers/leaders of families during the absence of their husbands.
It led to the formation of the United Nations Organization to replace the League Of Nations which had failed to maintain World peace/security.
The atomic bombs used against Japan released radioactive substances which negatively affected lives of many people.
Agriculture and industry were disrupted due to lack of equipment, raw materials and human resources.
External trade almost came to a standstill due to fear and insecurity.
There was high inflation rate which led to high cost of living.
Division of Europe into two opposing blocs; the Eastern and Western.
The myth of European military superiority was destroyed due to the defeat of the British and the American forces in the Far East by the Japanese.
Creation of the state of Israel to settle the displaced Jews.
The war created unemployment due to destruction of industries.
It led to the spread of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, venereal diseases like syphilis.
Permanent ill health and shortening of life for millions of people as a result of Captivity/starvation/famine.

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Three political causes of the First World War.

27/5/2020

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Three political causes of the First World War.

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
Arms race.
Formation of alliances.
Development of nationalism.
Desire for revenge.
Rivalry over colonial possession.
The Moroccan crisis.
The Italo-Turkish dispute over Libya.
The Balkan crisis/wars.

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Explain six factors which have undermined government effort in the provision of health services in Kenya since independence.

27/5/2020

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Explain six factors which have undermined government effort in the provision of health services in Kenya since independence.

Inadequate funding by the government which has resulted into provision of poor services.
Corruption in the health sector has made it difficult for the government to provide equipment/facilities/medicine required.
Inadequate hospitals/dispensaries/health centers makes it difficult for many people to access health service s/high population.
Poor payment/remuneration of health workers has demoralized them hence making them less productive/brain drain.
Frequent/industrial unrests by health workers has resulted into death/suffering of many patients.
Inadequate facilities/equipment has made it difficult for the public to access quality services.
Poor supervision of health workers has led to infiltration of the sector by unqualified health providers.
The spread of HIV/AIDS pandemic/terminal diseases like cancer has increased the cost of treatment/medication.
Poverty/cost sharing policy has hindered some people from accessing health services.
The unforeseen high rate of accidents/injuries has strained the scarce resources.

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Explain six challenges which were faced by the Nationalists in South Africa during the Apartheid rule.

Explain six challenges which were faced by the Nationalists in South Africa during the Apartheid rule.

State three external factors which speeded up the growth of African nationalism during the struggle for independence.

State three external factors which speeded up the growth of African nationalism during the struggle for independence.

Discuss six features of the Constitution of Kenya (2010).

Discuss six features of the Constitution of Kenya (2010).

State three roles of the Commission on Revenue Allocation (C.R.A.).

State three roles of the Commission on Revenue Allocation (C.R.A.).

Explain six factors which can interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya.

Explain six factors which can interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya.

State three reasons why the independence of the Judiciary is important in Kenya.

State three reasons why the independence of the Judiciary is important in Kenya.

Explain six functions of returning officers in a general election in Kenya.

Explain six functions of returning officers in a general election in Kenya.

Name three categories of members who make a County Assembly in Kenya.

Name three categories of members who make a County Assembly in Kenya.

Six responsibilities of the state governments in the United States of America.

Six responsibilities of the state governments in the United States of America.

Three ways in which the Monarch is important in Britain.

Three ways in which the Monarch is important in Britain.

Six political challenges which were experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo at independence.

Six political challenges which were experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo at independence.

Three ways in which the government of Tanzania nationalized the resources following the Arusha Declaration

Three ways in which the government of Tanzania nationalized the resources following the Arusha Declaration

Six effects of Second World War

Three political causes of the First World War.

Three political causes of the First World War.

Explain six factors which have undermined government effort in the provision of health services in Kenya since independence.

Explain six factors which have undermined government effort in the provision of health services in Kenya since independence.

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