Explain six ways in which the National Government spends revenue in Kenya

1. Construction of national infrastructure e.g. roads, railways and airport
2. Financing national development projects like electricity generation and irrigation schemes
3. Construction of higher education  institutions like universities, polytechnics and national schools
4. Construction of national referral health facilities
5. Paying of salaries of State officers
6. Repairing and maintaining national infrastructure
7. Establishment and maintenance of security organs
8. Servicing external and domestic debts
9. Maintenance of foreign embassies
10. Remitting funds to international organizations such as the United Nations Organization (UNO) and Regional bodies such as the African Union (AU) and the East African Community (EAC)

Name three members of country assemblies in Kenya

1. elected members
2. appointed members
3. Speaker

Explain the rights of a detained person

1. He has a right to life, liberty and security
2. He should not be held in slavery or servitude
3. Like any other human being she is born free and equal
4. He should enjoy all the rights without any prejudice caused by race, colour, set, language, religion, political or other opinions
5. He has a right to have his/her dignity respected and protected
6. He has a right of freedom and security
7. He has a right to privacy

Identify five features of the Independence constitution

1. It provided for the establishment of a federal government
2. It spelt out that the party with the majority formed the government
3. It  spelt out the rights and obligation of individual /citizens
4. It provided for the establishment of National Assembly consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives
5. It provided for a position post of prime minister to head the government and governor General to head the state
6. It spelt out the powers and responsibilities of the Central Government and regional Governments
7. It established regional governments with regional assemblies and presidents
8. It divided responsibilities between regional governments and the central government

Explain six importance of National Integration in Kenya

1. In promotes and develops national unity and national cohesiveness throughout which various ethnic groups are bond together.
2. It promotes peaceful existence of different communities and as a result of which intellectual tolerance is enhanced.
3. It makes people to develop a sense of national direction which makes them to aspire to fulfill national goals of a country.
4. Development of national unity  leads to social and economic progress
5. Develops a sense of national direction
6. Easier, more efficient and accurate communication is achieved
7. Helps create conditions suitable to attract foreign investment

Explain six challenges faced by settler farming in Kenya during the colonial

1. Raids by locals whose land had been taken.
2. Unwilling Africans to offer labour, there was a shortage.
3. They lacked basic skills and experience as many had not practiced agriculture before.
4. The settlers were not familiar with the seasons & therefore could not predict when and what to plant.
5. Shortage of capital to invest in agriculture.
6. They were unable to market their produce during the world wars.
7. There was inadequate transport & communication network which affected the movement of people & goods.
8. Pests and animal & crop diseases, hence high cost in production.

Identify three symbols of national Unity in Kenya

1. National flag
2. Loyalty pledge
3. Coat of arms
4. Public seal

Give three reasons why Africans were discouraged from growing cash crops by the British government in Kenya.

1. African- grown coffee would be prone to diseases which would spread to white farms.
2. Africans could lower the quality as they had neither knowledge nor skills.
3. Ensure labour supply for European farms.
4. To avoid unnecessary competition in cash crop farming.

Name three early political associations formed in Kenya during the colonial period.

1. Kikuyu Association/Young Kikuyu Association
2. East African Association
3. Kikuyu Central Association
4. Kavirondo Tax Payers Welfare Association
5. Ukamba Members Association
6. Taita Hills Association
7. Coast African Association

Explain six causes of the Mau Mau war.

1. Failure of the colonial government to fulfill their promises to the world war veterans e.g. employment.
2. Loss of independence by Africans to Europeans.
3. There was growing unemployment and deteriorating conditions of African workers especially in towns.
4. Africans reacted to the oppression by colonial chiefs and police.
5. Bitterness among Africans due to land alienation which pushed them to crowd in reserves as squatters.
6. Refusal by the colonial government to grant them political reforms.
7. Discrimination in the provision of social services.
8. The police shooting on Uplands Bacon Factory where the workers were on strike, killing and wounding some, thus causing discontent.
9. The Olenguruone episode of 1949 which arose as a result of squatters’ problem. The squatters occupying the scheme were evicted and taken to Yatta, a semi-arid area, thus causing a lot of discontent among the Africans.
10. The closure of a vegetable factory at Karatina caused further discontent as it led to unemployment and loss of revenue to the vegetable suppliers.
11. The refusal by the colonial government to lift the ban on KAU turned the association in to an underground movement to fight against colonialism.
12. The Africans disliked the imposition of taxes and forced labour.

Identify three methods used by the British to acquire colonial possessions in Kenya.

1. Use of military attacks against the unfriendly communities / use of expeditions / force.
2. Signing of treaties between the colonial agents and the African leaders / agreements / collaborations / diplomacy.
3. Established administrative posts or operational bases in the interior from where they operated.
4. Use of missionaries to pacify Africans through preaching.

Explain the impact of the partition of East Africa on Kenya.

1. Kenya lost independence as the British established their rule.
2. Kenyan economy weakened by the European exploitation of the resources.
3. Africans adopted European languages which became official languages in the colony.
4. Kenyan land was alienated as Europeans established permanent settlements.
5. Communities lost their lives / property as they tried to resist European occupation.
6. African culture was undermined with introduction of Western education / spread of Christianity / health facilities established.
7. Intensification of warfare among African communities.
8. Infrastructure was developed to link agriculture and major mining centres.
9. Introduction of new policies like forced labour and taxation which were unpopular among Africans in Kenya.

Give five reasons for the migration of the Somali from their original home land.

1. Internal conflicts over leadership and control of resources.
2. External attacks from their neighbouring communities.
3. To look for better grazing fields and water for their livestock.
4. Spirit of adventure / exploration / curiosity
5. Outbreak of natural epidemics e.g. human and animal diseases.
6. Outbreak of natural calamities e.g. drought
7. Population pressure, hence they had to look for land for settlement        

Describe the political organization of the Nandi during the pre-colonial

1. The smallest political unit was the family headed by the father who handled internal matters like discipline and inheritance.
2. They had a decentralized system of government, headed by a council of elders who acted as the highest court.
3. They had neighbour-hood political units (Kokwet) under a council of elders who handled matters affecting the neighbour-hood.
4. The clan was third under a clan council of elders who dealt with grazing rights.
5. They had age-sets which provided warriors for defense of the community against external attacks.
6. By the 19th Century, the Orkoiyot had become influential in both spiritual and political affairs of the community.

Give the meaning of the term National referendum

• This is a form of election which seeks to find public view on a particular national issue e.g. the New Constitution

Give one role of the controller of Budgets in Kenya.

1. Overseeing the implementation of the budgets of the national and county government
2. Authorizing the withdrawals from the public funds such as Equalization, Consolidated and Revenue Funds
3. Every four months the controller is required to submit to each house of parliament a report on the implementation of the budgets of both the national and county government.

Identify two types of treaties used by Europeans to acquire colonies in East Africa.

1. Protection treaties.
2. Partition treaties.

Name one commission that was established in 1924 to look into African Education in colonial Kenya.

• Phelps stokes commission.

State two function of the African welfare organizations in urban centres during the colonial period

1. Assisting new arrivals to settle down in towns
2. Offset medical bills of members
3. Payment of school fees for members’ children
4. Pay for funeral expenses
5. Organize social gatherings e.g. sports
6. Pay rents for jobless members

Identify the chief executive of the county government.

• The Governor

Identify two challenges that are facing the county governments in Kenya

1. Delay in transfer of funds
2. Inadequate funds
3. Poor transport and communication
4. Inadequate personnel
5. Corruption and misappropriation of funds
6. Interference in their work by national government through policy / legal notices / changes

Name two institutions that have control of public revenue and expenditure

1. Salaries and Remuneration Commission
2. Central Bank of Kenya

Give one function of the sergeant-at-arms in Kenyan parliament.

1. To enforce orders of the national assembly.
2. To execute warrants issued by the speaker.