I.R.E QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - ATIKA SCHOOL

Explain the structure of administration under the ‘Umayyad’

3/4/2021

Explain the structure of administration under the ‘Umayyad’. (7 Marks)

Structure of administration under the Umayyad.

Executive, Caliph, governors and assistants
Legislative, Scholars
Judiciay, Chief Qadhi & his assistants
Empire divided into 14 provinces and 83 districts
many departments: Military, Police, City council, Post office, Finance

(7 x 1 = 7 Marks)

Explain the structure of administration under the ‘Umayyad’

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Explain the structure of administration under the ‘Umayyad’.

29/3/2021

Explain the structure of administration under the ‘Umayyad’. (7 Marks)

Structure of administration under the Umayyad.

Executive, Caliph, governors and assistants
Legislative, Scholars
Judiciay, Chief Qadhi & his assistants
Empire divided into 14 provinces and 83 districts
many departments: Military, Police, City council, Post office, Finance

(7x1 = 7 Marks)

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Achievements of the Ummayad dynasty

26/3/2021

Discuss the achievements of the Ummayad dynasty (7 marks)

The ummayad caliphs introduced standard Arab currency in the empire
They restored order and created peace after the civil was which started alter the death of caliph uthman
They made Arabic the official language of the empire.
They expanded and consolidated the Islamic empire
They improved on the methods of irrigations
They introduced the council of shura i.e. equivalent in modern day members of parliament.
They developed the postal services.

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Explain the factors which contributed to the fall of Ummayyad dynasty

25/3/2021

Explain the factors which contributed to the fall of Ummayyad dynasty. (12mks)

Vastness of the Empire.
Law and order could not be effectively administered.
Lack of honesty and sincerity from most of the governors due to deviation from the Quran and Sunnah.
Some Khalifas also deviated from Quran and Sunnah.
Opposition from the Abbasid supporters.
Misuse of state funds which led to bankruptcy of the state.
Joining of all the opposition led to the overthrow of the Ummayyard.
Quarrels between the Ummayyard’s family making them weak and hence breaking them up.

(any 6x2=12mks)

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Elaborate on any six achievements of the Ummayad Dynasty

22/3/2021

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2009 Question 5(a) with Answers and Marking Scheme.

(a) Elaborate on any six achievements of the Ummayad Dynasty (6marks)

Achievements of the Ummayad Dynasty

Restoration of law and order throughout the Muslim empire after the protracted civil war
The caliphate lasted for almost a century, from 660 to 750 when it was overthrown by the Abbasids .
The conquest of African territories thus expanding islam and Arab influence in Africa
Consolidation and extension of Islamic territories in Asia
Introduced proper administrative system and built a strong and efficient army
Establishment of a department of registry (Diwanul-Khatam)
Introduced postal services (Diwanul-Barid)
The building of the first Muslim navy
Arabic was made the official language of the whole Islamic Nation
Standardization of currency used in the Muslim empire by introducing gold, silver and copper co ins with the denominations of Dinar, Dirham and Fal introduced vowels and diacritical marks in the Arabic script which made it easier for the non-Arabs to learn Arabic and use the correct pronunciation
Liberalization of knowledge/freedom of learning .
Saw stability in leadership. Arab civilization had its first stable centre in the Ummayad Caliphate in Damascus (established by Muawiya)

(6 x 1 = 6 marks)

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Outline the achievements of the Umayyad dynasty?

22/3/2021

Outline the achievements of the Umayyad dynasty? (6 marks)

Achievements of the Umayyad dynasty?

Africa was conquered during its reign
Restored order in the Muslim empire after the civil war.
Extension of the territories of the Caliphate especially during Muawiya’s era
Introduced a strong and efficient army.
Establishment of a department of registry (Diwanil – Khatam)
Introduction of postal service.
Arabic was made the official language of the Islamic nation.
Standardized currency used in the Islamic empire.
Standardization of the Holy Quran.
Founded first Muslim Navy especially during Muawiya’s time.

(6 x 1 = Marks)

Outline the achievements of the Umayyad dynasty?

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Give reasons that contributed to the fall of the Ummayad dynasty.

19/3/2021

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2011 Question 5(b) with Answers.

(b) Give reasons that contributed to the fall of the Ummayad dynasty. (7 marks)

Reasons that led to the fall of the Urnmayad dynasty

succession disputes which led to fights, and also unqualified rulers contributed to the fall of the Ummayads.
oastness of the empire made some governors autonomous and they created their own governments and disregarded the central government, this brought about divisions which led to their fall.
overtaxation of the people made them lose confidence in the Ummayad rule.
there was no standing army to defend the state this led to the weakening of the stat.
harsh rule of the Ummayads led to results.
they lost may battled leading the weakening of the empire.
the underprivileged group which consisted of the dhims, mawalii, Alids,Kharjites felt oppressed and rebelled against the Ummayads.
secularisation of the state where the state was no longer ruled according to the teachings Quaran and hadith, and immorality was condorned.
Ummayads believed in the exclusiveness of the Arab race and excluded other races who rebelled and fought against them.
Propaganda of the Abbasids who launched a campaign against the Ummayads.

(7 x 1=7 marks)

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Mention the reforms introduced by Khalifa Umar Ibn Abdulaziz of the Ummayads.

19/3/2021

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2011 Question 5(a) with Answers.

(a) Mention the reforms introduced by Khalifa Umar Ibn Abdulaziz of the Ummayads. (8 marks)

Reforms introduced by Khalifa Umar Ibn AbdulAziz of the Ummayads

gave equal civil status to the mawalii and exempted them from paying Kharaj (land tax) and this led to more people converting to Islam.
He forbade forceful circumcision e.g forbade the khurasan governor in to forcing converts to get circumcised.
tolerant towards non-Muslims e.g he reduced taxes for the Christians of Najran also once a Muslim killed a non-Muslim and he ordered that the Muslim be killed.
he forbade the sale of land by non-Muslims to Muslims because the Muslims did not pay Kharaj.
he improved the status of the Alids e.g he restored the privileges which they enjoyed during the time of the glorious caliphate.
he banned the cursing of Ah (R.A) and his descendants during Friday Khutba.
he appointed officials on merit and piety. He instructed his governors to be loyal to the people, dutiful and sincere and not to accept bribes, attack or oppress people.
he was strick in administration and took strict measures against dishonest governors and officials e.g Yazid Ibn Muhallab was imprisoned for misappropriating funds of war,
jails were reformed, jailers and warders were strictly ordered not to misbehave with prisoners. Prisoners were given monthly allowances, clothing and education so as to make them useful members of the society.
he never used state funds for personal benefits, he lead a simple life and encouraged people to do likewise.
introduced measures such as census of people, survey of land, building of schools, hospitals, roads bridges and canals.
expanded the empire through peaceful conquest, stopped all military expeditions, there was no rebellion or war during his rule, the shia and kharijites were happy with his rule.
improvement in education where a number of books were translated into Arabic e.g Masal Juwari who was a Jew from Basrah translated medical Syrian books into Arabic.
eradicated poverty within two years and three months of his rule such that people would walk around with their zakat looking for people to give.
he took legal measures to check the tendency of purchasing land in cities, he restored land which was grabbed to its original owners.

(8x 1=8 marks)

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Discuss four factors that led to the rise of the Ummayad dynasty.

8/3/2021

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2018 Question 5(b) with Answers.

(b) Discuss four factors that led to the rise of the Ummayad dynasty. (8 marks)

Factors that led to the rise of the Umayyads.

The need for the Umayyads to maintain their high positions they had obtained during the caliphate of Uthman led to their rise.
Large support given to Muawiyya by the Syrian Arabs strengthened him and led to the rise.
The emergence of the Khawarij weakened Ali's force and hence Muawiya was empowered.
Most of the prominent companions of the Prophet remained neutral and hence could not fight back the army of Muawiya.
Shrewdness of Muawiya’s advisors gave him the edge over Caliph Ali.
The death of Caliph Ah paved the way for the Umayyads to take over.

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