Computer studies analysis of questions and answers

Understanding RISC

20/10/2019

Understanding RISC AS A TYPE OF PROCESSOR

RISC is a type of processor which simply means
R - Reduced
I - instruction
S - Set
C – Computer

When computers process, they require a microprocessor for the task, this microprocessor also requires instructions in order to operate.
The instructions are written in a language that only the computer can understand, basically in the form of binary and assembly languages coded in schemes such as ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange and EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.

Processor Architecture

The idea was to make microprocessor changes that were more independent of coding schemes since instructions require more equipment.

The more the instructions the slow the processing speed simply because more instructions require additional circuitry and transistors which makes the whole process complicated, difficult to setup, additional power consumption, rising of heat during processing and additional circuitry means more path links (buses).
In 1974 John Cocke of IBM Research in Yorktown, New York, originated the RISC concept by proving that about 20% of the instructions in a computer did 80% of the work. The term itself (RISC) is credited to David Patterson, a teacher at the University of California in Berkeley. The concept was used in Sun Microsystems' SPARC microprocessors and led to the founding of what is now MIPS Technologies (MIPS - millions of instructions per second), part of Silicon Graphics. A number of current microchips now use the RISC concept.

The first computer to benefit from this discovery was IBM's PC/XT in 1980. Later, IBM's RISC System/6000, made use of the idea.
Discovery of RISC led to a more thoughtful architecture of microprocessors such as how well an instruction can be mapped to the clock speed of the microprocessor this led to the improvement of microprocessor manufacture and design.

Advantages of RISC

A new microprocessor can be developed and tested more quickly if one of its aims is to be less complicated.
Operating system and application programmers who use the microprocessor's instructions will find it easier to develop code with a smaller instruction set.
The simplicity of RISC allows more freedom to choose how to use the space on a microprocessor.
Higher-level language compilers produce more efficient code than formerly because they have always tended to use the smaller set of instructions to be found in a RISC computer.

Works Cited:
Content

techtarget.com

Image

pinterest.com

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examples of output devices

20/10/2019

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OUTPUT DEVICES

Output devices are those devices that play the following roles:

display all activities as they happen in the system unit
convert information from machine readable form to human readable form
display input thus helping the user evaluate it.

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES

Monitor/screen/visual display unit (VDU);
printer;
plotter;
light emitting diode;
sound output (speakers/headphones);
braille reader;
projector;

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EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER INPUT DEVICES

17/10/2019

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EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER INPUT DEVICES

INTRODUCTION

Computer input devices are those devices that perform the following functions with a computer:

enter data into the computer;
convert data from human readable form to computer readable form also called binary language;
act as a communication link between the computer user and the computer. A platform the user utilizes to communicate with the computer

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES

Examples of input devices

Without going further into categories, input devices are as follows:

keyboard;
mouse;
trackball;
joy stick
scanners;
digitizers;
digital camera
touch screen/pad
light pen
stylus
voice input/microphone
tablets;
remote controls;
gamepad;
whiteboard;
webcam
Punch card readers and;
disk drives

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DATA AND COMPUTERS

16/10/2019

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DATA AND COMPUTERS

#	ANALOGUE	DIGITAL
1	analogue data is continuous in nature (continuous data is quantitative data that can be measured. • it has an infinite number of possible values within. a selected range e.g. temperature range.)	digital data is discrete in nature (discrete data is quantitative data that can be counted, Discrete data is based on counts. Only a finite number of values is possible, and the values cannot be subdivided meaningfully.)
2	less accurate	more accurate
3	more affected by other factors	less affected by other factors
4	requires complex programs to run	requires simple programs to run
	Famous examples of analog computers are the Planimeter, the nomogram, operational amplifiers, mechanical integrators, slide rules, tide predictors, electric integrators that solve partial differential equations, electronic machines that solve ordinary differential equations, machines to solve algebraic equations, the Norden bomb sight, and neural networks.	All modern computers, laptops, and calculators are all digital computers.

Digital Computer

Analogue Computer

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MICRO-COMPUTERS AND MAINFRAME COMPUTERS

16/10/2019

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MICRO-COMPUTERS AND MAINFRAME COMPUTERS

#	MAINFRAME COMPUTER	MICRO-COMPUTERS
1	large in size	small in size
2	not portable	portable
3	more powerful processing speeds	less powerful processing speeds
4	ability to multi-task, multi-process numerous tasks	can process limited tasks
5	uses a number of processors	uses only one processor

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THE TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF MEMORY DATA REGISTERS (MDR)

16/10/2019

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THE TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF MEMORY DATA REGISTERS (MDR)

INSTRUCTION REGISTER

Instruction Register Instructions register (IR) is used to store the instruction currently being executed or decoded.

ACCUMULATOR

Accumulator or An accumulator is a register for short -term . intermediate storage of arithmetic and logic data in a computer’s CPU (central processing unit).

THE TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF MEMORY DATA REGISTERS (MDR)

STORAGE REGISTER

Storage Register Holds a piece of data that is on its way to and from the CPU and the main memory.

ADDRESS REGISTER

The Memory Address Register (MAR) is a CPU register that either stores the memory address from which data will be fetched to the CPU or the address to which data will be sent and stored.

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differences between hardcopy and softcopy output devices

15/10/2019

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HARD COPY AND SOFT COPY OUTPUT DEVICES

Output from the computer can normally be in several forms. Give the difference between the following methods.
Soft copy and hard copy output

(2Marks)

#	SOFTCOPY	HARDCOPY
1	it is intangible	it is tangible
2	it is flexible in editing	cannot be easily edited
3	does not require stationery	requires stationery
4	they are cheap to produce	they are expensive to produce
5	easily transmissible	difficult to distribute
6	requires electrical signals to use	after printing does not require electrical signals
7	has no mass	has mass

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COMPUTER STUDIES QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Understanding RISC

Understanding RISC AS A TYPE OF PROCESSOR

Advantages of RISC

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examples of output devices

OUTPUT DEVICES

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES

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EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER INPUT DEVICES