• Toggle keys 
•  Caps Lock .
•  Num Lock
•  Insert key/OVR
•  Scroll Lock 

a) Job scheduling -- where job/ tasks are assigned to the processor and main memory depending on their priority 
b) Interrupt handling- halting of other processes taken by the processor so as to attend to remote enquiries or halting a processor for another task to be performed. 

• Parallel
•  Pilot
•  Phase-in/phase out(phased stage)
•  Direct 

• Parallel changeover 
• Reason: The system operations ai-e not interrupted prior to the changeover in terms of time and quality of production 

a) Embedded object: a separate object/image/graphic/clip imported into the file permanently 
b) Autoflow: Facility that allows text/cursor to flow automatically from one text box to the next when the first text is full.

• To ensure that no one else / unauthorized person has access to the password/system 

• To ensure certainty of the chosen password

​(a) (i) What is the name of this file structure? 
(ii) One of the files in MISCELLANEOUS has a file name similar to one in CHEMISTRY in Form 1. Describe what happens if all the contents of CHEMISTRY are copied to MISCELLANEOUS. 
(iii) What will happen if an attempt is made to delete FORM2 while File_10 in MATHEMATICS is open? 
(iv) State four advantages of this structure. 
(b) State four properties that an operating system displays about a file. 
(c)A removable storage media unit connected to a single user microcomputer system is used for permanent storage of programs and data. State six file functions you would expect the operating system of the computer to provide to enable the user to maintain this storage media. 
(d) State two tasks performed by the operating system in each of the following resources:
(i) memory; 
(ii) input/output devices.

RESPONSES

​(a) (i) Hierarchical Structure/Tree structure. 
(ii) File 02 and 03 with be replicated in miscellaneous.

• File 01 in chemistry will replace or remove file 01 in miscellaneous. Some systems may abort. 

(iii) The process will be denied because the OS has file copied into the main memory. 
(iv)

• Easy to secure files by adding attributes.
• Easy to access file/Loading of files.
•  Allows for grouping of similar of files.
• Allows file of the same name to be stored in different folder.
• Easy to add directories. 

(b)File size.

• Date modified.
• File type.
• File name.
• Author.
• Date created.
• Time.

(c)Opening of files/Reading.

• Closing of files.
• Writing of files/saving/storing/print to file.
• A copy commands.
• Backup facility.
• Delete commend/formatting.
• Command to log to different part of the media.
• Changing attributes.
• Renaming.

(d) (i) Swapping of programs in and out of the memory.

• Keep track of what part of the memory is in use.
• Keep track of which process is in control of what part of memory.
• Enforce a policy on how the programs can access it.
• Creating of virtual memory.

(ii)It has control over their request and only grants one request access to avoid deadlocks.

•  Monitor and study the status of 10 and report any fault detected
• Reports of error.
• Controls movement of data/information in and out of the 1/O.
• Allows addition of 1/O devices.

(a) Describe the field values, records and file. 
(b) State the most appropriate primary key for the list. 
(c) State the most appropriate data type for the fields:
(i) admission number; 
(ii) membership number. 
(d) If a database was to be created for the list; Forms, Tables, Queries and Reports are likely to be used.
(i) State the purpose of each of these objects. 
(ii) Which objects cannot be used to store the data in the list? 
(e) (i) How many field values are in the list? 
(ii) How many records are in the list? 

EXPECTED RESPONSES

(a)The field values are the values assigned to the attributes, that is, actual names, classes.

• The field value for each student constitutes a record.
• The collection of all the student records is the file. 

(b)Member Number. 
(c) (i) Text/Number/character. 
(ii) Text/Character/String/alphanumeric.
(i)

• Table:-from storing the data.
•  Form:-data entry, editing & viewing the record.
• Query:-extracting data based on some criteria.
•  Reports:-creating summaries for data outputs.

(ii)

•  Forms
•  Queries
•  Reports

(e) (i) 55
(ii) 11

​Advantages
Disadvantages
(b) Describe the following signals and state where each is applied in network communication: 
(i) analog;
(ii) digital.
(c) Name the two types of coaxial cables, 
(d) (i) Define the term network protocol. 
(ii) List four internet protocols. 

RESPONSES

(a) Advantages

• Logic used is simple/easy to install or configure.
• High speed of communication/transmission especially with optical fibre.
• Not easy to tap/hack.
• More secure. 

Disadvantages

•  High cost of maintenance.
• Susceptibility to vandalism
• Susceptibility to EMI.
•  Right of way. Requirement.
•  Suffers high attenuation.
•  Hard to set up in difficult terrain.
•  Limited movement. 

(b) (i) Analog: Continuously varying electromagnetic signal.
(ii) Digital: Pulses of electricity. 
(c)

•  Thin coaxial/Thinnet.
•  Thick coaxial Thicknet. 

(d) (i) Protocols are set of rules and procedures that govern communication between two different devices or people. 
(ii)

•  TCP/IC
•  TCP
•  SMTP
•  FTP
• IP
•  ATP
•  SPX
•  HTTP
•  Netbeui

• In binary one bit usually the most significant or leading bit is used to indicate either positive or negative, and store the unsigned binary representation of the magnitude in the remaining bits.
• Signed magnitude.
• Using the twos complement.
• Using the ones complement. 

If DATA is the following sorted list of 13 elements, such that N 13:(where N is the number of elements in the list),1 1, 22, 30, 33, 40, 44, 55, 60, 66, 77,
80, 88, 99.
(a) Determine the output from the flowchart if ITEM is:
(1) 40 
(ii) 99 
(iii) 120 
(iv) 5 
(b) Explain the purpose of this flowchart. 
(c) Write a pseudocode for the above flowchart. 

•  Work in hazardous environment.
• Robots don't get tired.
• The quality of work is consistent.
• They are faster.
•  Less errors.
•  Cost effective in the long run.

(i) Data verification and data validation
Data Validation

• Consistency and integrity of data e.g. if input field is numeric then it must only receive numerals. Anything else is considered invalid

Data verification

• Ensuring that data entered is the same as in the source documents