State four computer based careers introduced as a result of computerized data process method at the airport. (2 marks)
Computer based careers created by introducing computerized data processing.
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Distinguish between real-time operating system and distributed operating system. (3 marks)
 Explain three reasons why an organization may need to change to a new computerised system.
(b) State why each of the following is important in system documentation.
(i) Identify the types of computer files named above. (ii) Give a characteristic of data held in each file. (iii) Name the field that should be used to link the two files.
(a) Current system may be experiencing problems thereby being unable to meet organisation requirements.
New directives may be received from authorities and the organisation must comply. Changes in the operating environment forces the organisation to change in order to fit and continue in business. e.g. competition. Changes in technology requiring the upgrading or total change in the existing system. Peer pressure need to remain fashion (b) (i) Sample data should be provided so that all modules can be tested. (ii) Output reports show that the system actually works/testing process/expected output.. (c) (i) Manual: Manual files stored in cabinets/books/paper/in-tray/out-tray. (ii) Electronic: Secondary storage devices/individual storage devices e.g. Flash. (d) (i) Student: Master file/Parent/Reference File/Primary. Register: Transaction file/Child table/Secondary. (ii) Master file: Data is static/Permanent/Semi-permanent. Transaction file: Data is dynamic/Temporary/Changes frequently (iii) Key field: Student number/Admission No/Reg. No/File No. 
State two application areas of real time systems.
A water company sends out clerks to read water meters. The data collected by the clerks is then fed into the computer and then all the bills are printed at the same time.(a) State two advantages of this approach.
Advantages:
(b) Name this type of data processing.
List four activities carried out by a data processing system.
(a) A serial file comprises of records placed in positions 1 to 10. State the position of the end of file marker (1 mk)
 (b) State the purpose of each of the following (2mks)(i) File server software
A computer user typed the name Kajiado as Kajiado and 8726 as 8126(a)State the type of each error
(b)Explain how such errors can be controlled
(a) Explain three ways by which computer users can protect their eyes from harmful emissions from the computer screen
(b) List three factors be considered when deciding on the choice of an electronic data processing method
List four stages involved in the data processing cycle (3 mks)
A computer system is able to work on both spreadsheet and word-processing documents.Explain how a computer can operate two packages at the same time.
(a) List five precautions that can be taken to protect data stored in diskettes (5mks)
Describe the term data integrity and State four situations in which data may lose integrity.29/12/2020 Describe the term data integrity and State four situations in which data may lose integrity.
a) Describe the term data integrity.
Give one disadvantages of a single processor multi- user system (1mk)
 List three disadvantages of using traditional file management method (3mks)
 (a) In a computer based information system, state the purpose of the following files and give one example where such a file may re required in a school (8mks)(i) Report lifeA summary file from the main file (ii) Backup fileBackup also called a security file – are copies of files kept in case the original master file is damaged or lost and cannot be used. (iii) Reference fileThis is a file with a reasonable amount of permanency. Examples of data used for reference purposes are price list, tables of rate of pay, names and addresses. (iv) Sort fileThis is a temporary file that holds records organized in a particular order 
What is batch processing?
Transaction are accumulated over a period of time and then processed at a pre-specified time to produce a batch of output
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of batch processingAdvantages
Disadvantages
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Detailed ResponseList of file organization methods in a computer
File organization refers to the way data is stored in a file. File organization is very important because it determines the method of access, efficiency, flexibility and storage devices to be used. There are four methods of organizing files on a storage media namely: Sequential, random, serial and indexed- sequential
Distinguish between transcription and transposition types of errors and give an example of each22/12/2020 Distinguish between transcription and transposition types of errors and give an example of each
dEFINITION OF dISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
A distributed system is a collection of computers on the same network which process data independently and once data has been updated in one computer, other computers of the same system automatically update their database too.
A distributed system can also be defined as a collection of independent computers that appears to its users as a single coherent system Distributed processing refers to the type of processing where computers in various geographical locations are interconnected via communication links for the purpose of local processing and data access and/or transfer. In distributed processing data processing occurs on each of the computers, unlike a centralized processing system in which terminals are connected to a host computer that performs all of the data processing. Advantages of distributed systems
Disadvantages of distributed system
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