Components that may be housed inside the system unit
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Highlight six peripheral devices that can be connected to a typical computer
Using an illustration, explain how a computer operates
Differentiate between (a) data and information (b) central processing unit and system unit.19/12/2020 (a) data and information.
Data can be defined as raw facts that do not have much meaning to the user while information is the processed data that is meaningful to the user.
(b) central processing unit (CPU) and system unit.
The central processing unit (CPU) is the central part of the computer where data processing is done while the system unit is the part that houses the CPU and other internal components.
Differences between human and a computer
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DATA AND COMPUTERS
CategoriesAll DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MICRO-COMPUTERS AND MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
CategoriesJoin our Whatsapp Notifications and Newsletterstouch here COURTESY OF ATIKA SCHOOL All 1. inputThis is the ability for a computer to accept data either through input devices such as scanners, keyboards, mice and others or through information retrieved from storage devices. Input of data is a main function because all other functions depend on the incoming data for processing and output. 2. processingProcessing and storage are sometimes broken down as separate basic functions of a computer. However, looking at this critical idea keenly, we notice that processing and storage are sometimes inseparable this is because processing devices rely heavily on storage devices vis a vis. Processing is an act where a computer converts raw meaningless piece of information called data into a more meaningful piece of information. This is normally done with a closer help of primary storage devices such as the RAM, and special types of memories such as the registers, buffers and cache memory. Processing is a main function of a computer because of the conversion, manipulation of numeric data and logical decisions. 3. OutputThis is an act for a computer to display the result of a processing activity. This can be done using output devices such as the monitor, printer, plotter, speakers etc.
The functions of a computer system cannot be complete without the output, simply because it gives a feedback of the result for the computer user to digest, change, amend, store or print.
In the evolution of computers, each of the passing computer generations had its own technology which was an improvement of the previous technology. Below is a match of computer generations with their processor technology and what each of the processors were capable of.
01. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
They used thermionic valves
This is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied. as a thermionic tube or thermionic valve uses the phenomenon of thermionic emission of electrons from a heated cathode and is used for a number of fundamental electronic functions such as signal amplification and current rectification. [Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube] 02. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
They used transistors
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. How does a transistor work ? By turning a small input current into a large output current, the transistor acts like an amplifier. But it also acts like a switch at the same time. When there is no current to the base, little or no current flows between the collector and the emitter. Turn on the base current and a big current flows. [Source: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-use-of-transistors-in-a-circuit#] 03. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
They used Integrated Circuits (ICs)
A collection of transistors make up an Integrated Circuit An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes called a chip or microchip, is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are fabricated. An IC can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter, computer memory, or microprocessor. A particular IC is categorized as either linear (analog) or digital, depending on its intended application. [Source: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/integrated-circuit-IC] 04. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
They used very large scale integrated (VLSI)
VLSI is an acronym that represents Very Large Scale Integrated. A collection of Integrated Circuits (ICs) Make up VLSI An Integrated Circuit is the circuit in which all the Passive and Active components are fabricated onto a single chip. Initially the Integrated Chip could accommodate only a few components. As the days passed, the devices became more complex and required more number of circuits which made the devices look bulky. Instead of accommodating more circuits in the system, an Integration technology was developed to increase the number of components that are to be placed on a single chip. This Technology not only helped to reduce the size of the devices but also improved their speed. Depending upon the number of components (Transistors) to be integrated, they were categorized as SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, ULSI & GSI. Small Scale Integration (SSI):
STATE REASONS WHY IS RECOMMENDED TO HAVE STANDARD FURNITURE IN THE COMPUTER LABORATORYWhat it means by standard furnitureThese are tables, chairs and shelves that have the quality required to set them up in the computer laboratory for use of computers and computer users. There are two common types of furniture that can be found in the computer laboratory namely:
Why standard furniture?
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STATE FIVE WAYS HOW KENYAN YOUTHS CAN USE COMPUTERS TO CREATE JOBS1. RETAIL COMPUTERS2. ENGAGE IN PROGRAMMING3. ENGAGE IN GRAPHIC & ENGINEERING DESIGNS4. LAUNCH A COMPUTER SCHOOL5. ENGAGE IN ONLINE MARKETING & BLOGGING
online marketing is the second best paying career in the field of computers. Internet marketing, or online marketing, refers to advertising and marketing efforts that use the Web and email to drive direct sales via electronic commerce, in addition to sales leads from websites or emails. Learn more @ https://learndigital.withgoogle.com/digitalskills/course/digital-marketing
6. LAUNCH CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES
cloud computing is the act of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer. Cloud computing business is the process of installing server computers to store, manage and process data on behalf of your clients (customers) at a fee agreed over a period of time. this can also involve SEO services, webdesign services, database management etc.
7. REGISTER, BUY, PARK AND SELL DOMAINS, DESIGN WEBSITES AND MOBILE APPLICATIONS
a domain is a name that represents the IP address of your website. for example, www.atikaschool.org, atikaschool.org is the domain name that represents (199.34.228.77) , .org is the extension that represent organisation and WWW is a name given to any device on the same network. You can therefore start a business of selling domains such as xxx.co.ke
8. OFFER TECHNICAL SERVICES SUCH AS REPAIR AND MAINTAINANCE9. ENGAGE IN NETPRENEURSHIP AND FREELANCE SERVICES10. PRODUCTION OF VIDEOS, ENTERTAINMENT, PODCASTS & MUSIC LYRICSSTATE THREE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS YOU WOULD UNDERTAKE IF THE COMPUTER LABORATORY YOU ARE WORKING IN CATCHES FIRE1. RAISE ALARM2. RICH FOR THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND TRY TO PUT OFF3. TRY TO EVACUATE OTHER STUDENTS4. IF YOU CAN SPOT POWER MAIN SWITCH, TURN IT OFF.5. BEND LOW AS YOU EXIT TO AVOID SUFFOCATION FROM SMOKE.STATE FOUR REASONS WHY SMALL COMPUTERS SUCH AS PALMTOPS SOMETIMES TEND TO BE MORE EXPENSIVE THAN DESKTOPS WITH THE SAME FEATURES.1. Small computers have high demand. This pushes prices high2. The technology used to manufacture small computers is more advanced3. They are portable4. Have internal battery5. They consume less power6. They occupy less space7. They have more multimedia capabilities and social media applications that drives up costs8. They can be used in the absence of power9. Some are made from precious metals such as goldWRITE THE FOLLOWING ACRONYMS IN FULL1. AI
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that emphasizes on the design and creation of intelligent machines that work, behave and respond like humans. Some of the characteristics that AI emphases on include: Speech recognition, Learning, visual perception, logical and arithmetic analysis and translation between languages.
2. ICT
Information and Communication Technology
Information and communication technology (ICT) is an advancement term for information technology (IT) that emphises on the technologies that provide access to information through the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audiovisual systems, that enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
3. ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
In 1942, physicist John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert proposed an all-electronic calculating machine. The result was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), built between 1943 and 1945 — the first large-scale computer to run at electronic speed without being slowed by any mechanical parts. ENIAC was designed and primarily used to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory, its first program was a study of the feasibility of the thermonuclear weapon. In 1953, the Burroughs Corporation built a 100-word magnetic-core memory, which was added to the ENIAC to provide it with memory capabilities. By 1956, the end of its operation, the ENIAC occupied about 1,800 square feet and consisted of almost 20,000 vacuum tubes, 1,500 relays, 10,000 capacitors, and 70,000 resistors. It also used 200 kilowatts of electricity, weighed over 30 tons, and cost about $487,000. Sources: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/eniac.htm, https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/ENIAC, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC
4. UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply
This is an Uninterruptible Power Supply. It cleans power as it enters into the computer by eliminating power surges and brownouts, it alerts the user when power goes off by producing a beeping sound and also keeps power to power the computer shortly after blackout so that the computer user can be able to save his/her work.
5. CPU
Central Processing Unit
Read more about the CPU ...
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DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF COMPUTERS: DIGITAL,DEDICATED, MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
Mathsisfun.com describes discrete data as a type of data that can only take certain values such as the number of students in a class can only be represented as a whole number (this data can either be 40 or maybe 60 but it can never be 60.5 (this is continuous data)); continuous data is represented with values which can be rational such as the height of a person, weight or mass of a body or time in a race.
In addition Numerical Data can be Discrete or Continuous: Discrete data is counted while Continuous data is measured
When computers are classified according to their physical size, the word mainframe is always mentioned. This is a type of computer which is the second largest of all computers, only second after super computers but bigger than mini and micro computers. They are relatively more powerful in processing with large capacity in memory and storage but inferior to super computers if measured in capabilities.
STATE ANY FOUR DEVICES FOUND IN THE COMPUTER CHASSIS (SYSTEM UNIT)
The CPU is the single most expensive gadget in a computer and the most important of all other gadgets. It is also called a processor or a microprocessor (a terminology used to refer the CPU of micro computers). The main role of the CPU is to manipulate both logical and numeric data for something meaningful called information.
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STATE 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
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