State the meaning of the term disk defragmentation as used in computers.
State the purpose of disk defragmentation.
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State three functions of networking operating systems other than providing network security.10/1/2021 State three functions of networking operating systems other than providing network security.
(b) Explain three ways in which an operating system provides data security in a computer system.
(c) Explain three circumstances under which observation method may be preferred during data collection.
(a) Functions of network operating systems
A computer technician found it necessary to disable a firewall when working on a computer system. State two reasons that may have necessitated disabling of the firewall.
When firewall is disabled
List six file manipulation activities that may be carried out using an operating system.
File manipulation activities- creation of files/folders
A) Explain three features of a graphical user interface as used in computers. (6 marks)
B) State the function of each of the following computer keyboard keys:
(i) Caps Lock (1 mark)
(ii) Shift (1 mark) (iii) Home (1 mark)
(i) Function of Caps lock
- It’s a toggle key when ON, the characters typed are in uppercase when OFF, the characters typed are in lower case. (ii) Shift key - Used to enable uppercase letter to be printed when alphanumeric keys are pressed. - Used with other keys to modify behavior/function key. (iii) Home key - Used to take the cursor to the beginning of the line in a word processor. - Evidence of movement of the cursor. C) Using two complement notation, determine the value of the operation 2510 — 2910 (6 marks)
State three factors to consider when selecting an operating system to install in a computer.7/1/2021 State three factors to consider when selecting an operating system to install in a computer. (3 marks)
 Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.
A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.
Explain the importance of disk partitioning.
Importance of disk partitioning.
Differentiate between pull-down menu and pop-up menu as used in Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems.
Difference between pull-down and pop-up menus
What is meant by disk defragmentation?
(b) State the purpose of disk defragmentation.
Distinguish between real-time operating system and distributed operating system. (3 marks)
 State three Ways in which an operating System Secures a Computer System.
Ways in which an OS secures computer system:
Computer network technicians prefer to use command line based operating system when configuring networks. State three reasons for the preference. (3 marks)
Reasons for the use of command — line interface OS
Identify three hardware considerations to be made before installing an operating system.
A secretary saved a document in a computer. After some time, she could not remember the name and the location of the file. State four file details that are assigned a file by the operating system which can assist in tracing the file.Give two causes of such response.
A secretary saved a document in a computer. After some time, she could not remember the name and the location of the file. State four file details that are assigned a file by the operating system which can assist in tracing the file.
State four functions which are specific to Network Operating Systems.
(a) Explain what the following DOS commands will do when executed
(i) A: \copy ** B
(b) (i) With the aid of a diagram, explain hierarchical (tree) network topology
A network topology that, from a purely topologies viewpoint, resembles an interconnection of star networks in that individual peripheral nodes are required to transmit to and receive from one other node only, toward a central node, and are not required to act as repeaters or regenerators.
(a) What is a disk formatting? (1mk)
To prepare storage medium by defining tracks and sectors where data will be placed in compliance with specific operating system requirements.
(b) Indicate whether the following devices are used for input or output (2mks)
A school magazine organizes its works in directories. The directory WP contains the files CATS, EXAMS and ASSIGNMENTS. The directory Sp contains the spreadsheet files and the DB directory contains the database files. The directory PROG is contained in the others directory. The directory WP is contained the PERSONAL directory. Given that the directory student contains directories SP, WP, and OTHERS.
(a) Draw the directory tree structure with C as the root
(a) In DOS, what are the following commands used for?
(b) What happens when the following commands are typed in DOS environment
 Explain the following operating systems functions, Job scheduling and Interrupt handling
a) Job scheduling -- where job/ tasks are assigned to the processor and main memory depending on their priority
b) Interrupt handling- halting of other processes taken by the processor so as to attend to remote enquiries or halting a processor for another task to be performed. 
Name four approaches that may be used to replace a computerized Information system
(b) Which of the approaches named in (a) above is appropriate for critical systems? Explain
An operating system organizes files in directories as shown in the chart below.Study it and answer the questions that follow.
(a) (i) What is the name of this file structure?
(ii) One of the files in MISCELLANEOUS has a file name similar to one in CHEMISTRY in Form 1. Describe what happens if all the contents of CHEMISTRY are copied to MISCELLANEOUS. (iii) What will happen if an attempt is made to delete FORM2 while File_10 in MATHEMATICS is open? (iv) State four advantages of this structure. (b) State four properties that an operating system displays about a file. (c)A removable storage media unit connected to a single user microcomputer system is used for permanent storage of programs and data. State six file functions you would expect the operating system of the computer to provide to enable the user to maintain this storage media. (d) State two tasks performed by the operating system in each of the following resources: (i) memory; (ii) input/output devices.
RESPONSES
(a) (i) Hierarchical Structure/Tree structure.
(ii) File 02 and 03 with be replicated in miscellaneous.
(iv)
A computer specification has the following details:
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