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COMPUTER STUDIES QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS


State the meaning of the term disk defragmentation as used in computers.

10/1/2021

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State the meaning of the term disk defragmentation as used in computers.

  • The process of rewriting parts of a file to contiguous sectors on a disk.

State the purpose of disk defragmentation. 

  •  to increase the speed of access and retrieval of files.
  •  to increase space on the disk space
State the meaning of the term disk defragmentation as used in computers.

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State three functions of networking operating systems other than providing network security.

10/1/2021

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State three functions of networking operating systems other than providing network security.

​(b) Explain three ways in which an operating system provides data security in a computer system. 
(c) Explain three circumstances under which observation method may be preferred during data collection. 
(a) Functions of network operating systems
  •  Provide access to network resources;
  •  Supporting network services like protocols;
  •  Support communication;
  •  Respond to requests from applications;
(b) Ways in which an operating system provides data security
  •  Access control: Deals with the problem of verifying /authenticating the identity of a user before permitting access to the request resource (e.g. use of passwords, user account);
  •  Encryption - Transforming data into an unreadable format so that they are safely transmitted;
  •  Firewalls - Filters out unwanted data and programs/criminals/hackers/malicious persons;
  •  Log files - A means by which transactions in a computer system can be recorded thereby deterring potential infiltrators;
  •  Alerts - Alerting a user when he/she is about to delete a file/folder.
(c)Preference of observation during data collection
  •  When the subjects that are being observed need not be made aware of the fact;
  •  When there is need to directly see what subjects do rather than rely on what they tell you;
  •  When there is need to collect data without interfering with the working of the subjects;
  •  When nature of data can only be collected via observation e.g. traffic flow;
  •  When collecting data in situation that subjects may be unwilling to give information.
​(b) Explain three ways in which an operating system provides data security in a computer system. (c) Explain three circumstances under which observation method may be preferred during data collection.

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A computer technician found it necessary to disable a firewall when working on a computer system. State two reasons that may have necessitated disabling of the firewall.

8/1/2021

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A computer technician found it necessary to disable a firewall when working on a computer system. State two reasons that may have necessitated disabling of the firewall.

When firewall is disabled
  •  Testing the communication link;
  •  When upgrading the firewall;
  •  When there is a need to install an application and the firewall is preventing the operation;
  •  When the firewall prevents legitimate communication. 
A computer technician found it necessary to disable a firewall when working on a computer system. State two reasons that may have necessitated disabling of the firewall.

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List six file manipulation activities that may be carried out using an operating system.

7/1/2021

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List six file manipulation activities that may be carried out using an operating system.

File manipulation activities- creation of files/folders
  1.  deletion of files/folders
  2.  moving of files/folders/drop/drag/cut & paste
  3.  copying of files/folders
  4.  viewing of files/folders
  5.  editing of files/folders
  6.  sorting of fi les/fo lders
  7.  renaming of files/folders
  8.  Hiding of files/folders
List six file manipulation activities that may be carried out using an operating system.

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Explain three features of a graphical user interface as used in computers.

7/1/2021

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​A) Explain three features of a graphical user interface as used in computers. (6 marks)

  • Windows — a rectangular area on the screen where the commonly use application run.
  •  Icons — A picture or symbol which is used to represent a software application or hardware device.
  •  Menus —a list of options from which the user can choose what that they require.
  •  Pointer - a symbol such as arrow which moves around the screen as the user move the mouse.

B) ​State the function of each of the following computer keyboard keys:

​(i) Caps Lock (1 mark)
(ii) Shift (1 mark)
(iii) Home (1 mark)
(i) Function of Caps lock
- It’s a toggle key when ON, the characters typed are in uppercase when OFF, the characters typed are in lower case. 
(ii) Shift key
- Used to enable uppercase letter to be printed when alphanumeric keys are pressed. 
- Used with other keys to modify behavior/function key.
(iii) Home key
- Used to take the cursor to the beginning of the line in a word processor. 
- Evidence of movement of the cursor.

C) Using two complement notation, determine the value of the operation 2510 — 2910 (6 marks)

C) Using two complement notation, determine the value of the operation 25 -- 29 (6 marks)

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​State three factors to consider when selecting an operating system to install in a computer.

7/1/2021

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​State three factors to consider when selecting an operating system to install in a computer. (3 marks)

  •  The hardware configuration of a computer
  •  The type of computer in terms of size and make
  •  User friendliness of the operating
  •  Number of users it can support
  •  Number of processors and hardware it can support
  •  Reliability and security provided by the OS.
Picture

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Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.

6/1/2021

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Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.

Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.

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A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

6/1/2021

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A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

  1. Possible causes of Hard disk blinking.
  2.  Virus executing itself.
  3.  Updating of some software applications.
  4.  Network access taking place.
A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

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Explain the importance of disk partitioning.

6/1/2021

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Explain the importance of disk partitioning.

Importance of disk partitioning.
  • Disk partitioning enhances logical management of files since files can be grouped into partitions based on their roles.
  •  Enhances disk maintenance since partitions can be formatted, deleted or modified individually without affecting files stored in other partitions.
  •  Partitioning helps in virus management. This is done by keeping system files in one partition with limited access rights. Viruses would therefore lack access to the system files.
  •  Enables installation of more than one operation system. 

​Differentiate between pull-down menu and pop-up menu as used in Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems.

 Difference between pull-down and pop-up menus
  • A pull-down menu is a list of commands that appears as a list from the menu bar going
  • down which is invoked by the click or alt key whereas a pop-up menu is a list that
  • appears anywhere on the screen when there is a click.
Explain the importance of disk partitioning.​Differentiate between pull-down menu and pop-up menu as used in Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems.

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What is meant by disk defragmentation?

5/1/2021

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What is meant by disk defragmentation?

  • The process of rewriting parts of a file to contiguous sectors on a disk.

(b) State the purpose of disk defragmentation. 

  • Purpose - to increase the speed of access and retrieval of files.
  • To increase space on the disk space
What is meant by disk defragmentation?

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Distinguish between real-time operating system and distributed operating system.

4/1/2021

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Distinguish between real-time operating system and distributed operating system. (3 marks)

  1. Distinction between real-time and distributed OS.
  2. Real-time OS reads information from input devices and must respond within a short duration of time to ensure correct performance.
  3. Distributed OS distributes computation among several physical processors which do not share memory or clock.
Distinguish between real-time operating system and distributed operating system.

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State three Ways in which an operating System Secures a Computer System.

4/1/2021

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​State three Ways in which an operating System Secures a Computer System.

Ways in which an OS secures computer system:
  1. Access controls: Authentication of users in order to access files;
  2. Performing regular patches of updates;
  3. Creating secure accounts with required privileges;
  4. Scrutinizing all incoming and outgoing packets of data through a firewall;
  5. Encryption of data, during the transmission stage;
  6. Password I biometric analysis;
  7. Log files to detect any breach.
operating System

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Computer network technicians prefer to use command line based operating system when configuring networks. State three reasons for the preference

4/1/2021

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​Computer network technicians prefer to use command line based operating system when configuring networks. State three reasons for the preference. (3 marks)

Reasons for the use of command — line interface OS
  1. They do not take up a lot of memory hence boot faster than the GUI OS.
  2. They have direct access or most hardware devices.
  3. They are cheaper to acquire as some can be downloaded free of charge.
  4. They can run on lower —bit hardware systems such as 32-bit computers.
Reasons for the use of command -- line interface OS

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Identify three hardware considerations to be made before installing an operating system.

4/1/2021

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Identify three hardware considerations to be made before installing an operating system.

  1. Hardware consideration:
  2.  Main memory size/volume/capability.
  3.  Hard disk size.
  4. Available input devices.
  5.  Available output devices.
  6.  Processor specification i.e. speed/type/hardware.
  7. Monitor resolution.
  8.  Bandwidth for busses (e.g 64-bit)
  9.  Compatibility
  10.  Configuration
  11.  Warranty terms for hardware.
Identify three hardware considerations to be made before installing an operating system.

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A student tried opening an application program on a computer that was functioning well. The program did not load and the operating system reported that the memory was insufficient.

4/1/2021

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A secretary saved a document in a computer. After some time, she could not remember the name and the location of the file. State four file details that are assigned a file by the operating system which can assist in tracing the file.

​Give two causes of such response.

  1. System infected with viruses which occupy memory space.
  2.  Many utilities are running in the background (e.g antivirus).
  3.  Many applications are opened.
  4. RAM may be smaller than the required/part of RAM corrupted.
  5.  Corrupted Registry.
A student tried opening an application program on a computer that was functioning well. The program did not load and the operating system reported that the memory was insufficient.

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A secretary saved a document in a computer. After some time, she could not remember the name and the location of the file. State four file details that are assigned a file by the operating system which can assist in tracing the file.

4/1/2021

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A secretary saved a document in a computer. After some time, she could not remember the name and the location of the file. State four file details that are assigned a file by the operating system which can assist in tracing the file.

  1. File properties:- File types.
  2.  File extension.
  3.  File size.
  4.  Creating time/date of storage/saves time.
  5.  Owner/Account used.
  6. Time of modification/date.
  7.  Usage conditions/File attributes (Read Only/Archives/Hidden).
  8.  Protection information.
  9.  Contents of the file - Access time.
A secretary saved a document in a computer. After some time, she could not remember the name and the location of the file. State four file details that are assigned a file by the operating system which can assist in tracing the file.

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State four functions which are specific to Network Operating Systems.

3/1/2021

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State four functions which are specific to Network Operating Systems.

  1. Ensures that only authorized users access the network through logging in and out.
  2.  Restricts when and from where users can access the network.
  3.  Dictates which rules/protocols computers may use to communicate.
  4.  Supply application to users within a network.
State four functions which are specific to Network Operating Systems.

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Explain what the following DOS commands will do when executed.

2/1/2021

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​(a) Explain what the following DOS commands will do when executed

(i) A: \copy ** B
  • Copy all files in drive A to drive B
(ii) C:\ERASE * DOC
  • Delete all file with the extension DOC from drive C
(iii) B:\DIR P*.BAT
  • List all files starting with P and having extension BAT in drive B
(iv) A:\>MD EXAMS
  • Create a new folder/directory called EXAM in drive A

​(b) (i) With the aid of a diagram, explain  hierarchical (tree) network topology 

A network topology that, from a purely topologies viewpoint, resembles  an interconnection of star networks in that individual  peripheral  nodes are required to transmit to and receive  from one other node only, toward  a central  node, and  are  not required  to act as repeaters or regenerators.
With the aid of a diagram, explain hierarchical (tree) network topology

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What is a disk formatting?

2/1/2021

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​(a) What is a disk formatting? (1mk)

​To prepare storage medium by defining tracks and sectors where data will be placed in compliance with specific operating system requirements.
diskette

​(b) Indicate whether the following devices are used for input or output (2mks)

  1. Plotter - Output
  2. Light pen - Input
  3. Mouse - Input
  4. Visual display unit - Output

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A school magazine organizes its works in directories.

1/1/2021

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​A school magazine organizes its works in directories. The directory WP contains the files CATS, EXAMS and ASSIGNMENTS. The directory Sp contains the spreadsheet files and the DB directory contains the database files. The directory PROG is contained in the others directory. The directory WP is contained the PERSONAL directory. Given that the directory student contains directories SP, WP, and OTHERS.

(a) Draw the directory tree structure with C as the root

Picture

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In DOS, what are the following commands used for?

1/1/2021

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​(a) In DOS, what are the following commands used for?

  1. RD- Removes a directory
  2. DEL **- deletes all files

​(b) What happens when the following commands are typed in DOS environment

  1. CD – takes the user one step backwards in a directory path
  2. DIR – Displays files and folders
disk operating system

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Explain the following operating systems functions, Job scheduling and Interrupt handling

31/12/2020

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Explain the following operating systems functions, Job scheduling and Interrupt handling

a) Job scheduling -- where job/ tasks are assigned to the processor and main memory depending on their priority 
b) Interrupt handling- halting of other processes taken by the processor so as to attend to remote enquiries or halting a processor for another task to be performed. 
Explain the following operating systems functions, Job scheduling and Interrupt handling

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Name four approaches that may be used to replace a computerized Information system

31/12/2020

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Name four approaches that may be used to replace a computerized Information system

  • Parallel
  •  Pilot
  •  Phase-in/phase out(phased stage)
  •  Direct 

(b) Which of the approaches named in (a) above is appropriate for critical systems? Explain

  • Parallel changeover 
  • Reason: The system operations ai-e not interrupted prior to the changeover in terms of time and quality of production 
Name four approaches that may be used to replace a computerized Information system

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An operating system organizes files in directories as shown in the chart below.Study it and answer the questions that follow.

31/12/2020

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An operating system organizes files in directories as shown in the chart below.Study it and answer the questions that follow.

An operating system organizes files in directories as shown in the chart below.Study it and answer the questions that follow.
​(a) (i) What is the name of this file structure? 
(ii) One of the files in MISCELLANEOUS has a file name similar to one in CHEMISTRY in Form 1. Describe what happens if all the contents of CHEMISTRY are copied to MISCELLANEOUS. 
(iii) What will happen if an attempt is made to delete FORM2 while File_10 in MATHEMATICS is open? 
(iv) State four advantages of this structure. 
(b) State four properties that an operating system displays about a file. 
(c)A removable storage media unit connected to a single user microcomputer system is used for permanent storage of programs and data. State six file functions you would expect the operating system of the computer to provide to enable the user to maintain this storage media. 
(d) State two tasks performed by the operating system in each of the following resources:
(i) memory; 
(ii) input/output devices.
RESPONSES
​(a) (i) Hierarchical Structure/Tree structure. 
(ii) File 02 and 03 with be replicated in miscellaneous.
  • File 01 in chemistry will replace or remove file 01 in miscellaneous. Some systems may abort. 
(iii) The process will be denied because the OS has file copied into the main memory. 
(iv)
  • Easy to secure files by adding attributes.
  • Easy to access file/Loading of files.
  •  Allows for grouping of similar of files.
  • Allows file of the same name to be stored in different folder.
  • Easy to add directories. 
(b)File size.
  • Date modified.
  • File type.
  • File name.
  • Author.
  • Date created.
  • Time.
(c)Opening of files/Reading.
  • Closing of files.
  • Writing of files/saving/storing/print to file.
  • A copy commands.
  • Backup facility.
  • Delete commend/formatting.
  • Command to log to different part of the media.
  • Changing attributes.
  • Renaming.
(d) (i) Swapping of programs in and out of the memory.
  • Keep track of what part of the memory is in use.
  • Keep track of which process is in control of what part of memory.
  • Enforce a policy on how the programs can access it.
  • Creating of virtual memory.
(ii)It has control over their request and only grants one request access to avoid deadlocks.
  •  Monitor and study the status of 10 and report any fault detected
  • Reports of error.
  • Controls movement of data/information in and out of the 1/O.
  • Allows addition of 1/O devices.

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A computer specification has the following details

31/12/2020

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​A computer specification has the following details:

  • Pentium II
  • 1.44 MB floppy disk drive
  • 20 GB hard disk
  • Full multimedia
  • 17” SVGA monitor
  • Pre installed operating system
  • Pre- installed office suite
A computer specification has the following details

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