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Specific ObjectivesBy the end of the topic, the learner should he able to:
CONTENTS
Daily atmospheric conditions of a place at a particular time.
Elements of Weather
A Weather StationA place where observation, measuring and recording of weather elements is done
Factors to Be Taken Into Account When Sitting a Weather Station
A white wooden box mounted on 4 legs used to house thermometers and hygrometers.
The instruments which are found in it are:
Importance of the Stevenson Screen
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UNDERSTANDING LONGITUDES AND LATITUDESAny location on Earth is described by two numbers-its latitude and its longitude. If a pilot or a ship's captain wants to specify position on a map, these are the "coordinates" they would use. wHAT ARE LONGITUDES?A lines of longitude is also called a meridian, derived from the Latin, from meri, a variation of "medius" which denotes "middle", and diem, meaning "day." The word once meant "noon", and times of the day before noon were known as "ante meridian", while times after it were "post meridian." Today's abbreviations a.m. and p.m. come from these terms, and the Sun at noon was said to be "passing meridian". All points on the same line of longitude experienced noon (and any other hour) at the same time and were therefore said to be on the same "meridian line", which became "meridian" for short. [shurdington.org]
Longitude, is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the Earth's surface, or the surface of a celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda. Meridians connect points with the same longitude. [Wikipedia] WHAT ARE LATITUDES?In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east–west as circles parallel to the equator. [Wikipedia]
The Earth and the Solar System - KCSE GEOGRAPHY NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS, Q & A, OTHER RESOURCES3/4/2018 THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM - KCSE GEOGRAPHY NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS, Q & A, OTHER RESOURCES
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The Earth and the Solar System TOPIC OBJECTIVES
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
The Earth and the Solar System COURSE OUTLINE
The Earth and the Solar System
Solar system is the group of heavenly bodies comprising the sun and the nine planets.
The origin of the Solar System Theories A theory is a set of reasoned ideas intended to explain facts or events 1. Passing Star Theory A star with a greater gravitational pull passed near the sun, it attracted large quantities of gaseous materials from the sun, and the materials split, cooled and condensed to form planets, the planets were set in orbit by the passing star Weaknesses
There was a slowly rotating cloud of dust and gas called Nebula, As the nebula rotated it flattened into a disc with high concentration of materials at the centre, The high concentration of material at the centre condensed to form the sun. Gases such as ammonia and methane condense to form larger planets that is Jupiter, Saturn, uranius and Neptune. Closer to the centre of Nebula, particles of dust and gas bumping into each other formed the inner smaller planets. Evidence Rotation and revolution of planets in anticlockwise direction Weakness
Star with greater gravitational pull passed near the sun. It attracted large quantities of gaseous materials. The materials split into portions. Large portions collided with smaller ones and swept them to form planets. The weaknesses are the same as the passing star’s Theory. 4. Supernova/explosion Theory There was a violent explosion of a star. A cloud of dust (nebular) remained from the star. There was fast movement of the cloud due to the force of explosion. Rotation speed increased due to gravitational attraction. The cloud flattened into a disc. The matter began to accumulate towards the centre to form a proto-sun which later began to shine. The rest of the cloud collapsed to form planets. Weaknesses
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Composition of the Solar System
1. The Sun
It’s the centre of the universe. Characteristics
Planets are large spherical celestial/heavenly bodies in space. There are 9 planets in our solar system. Characteristics
a) Mercury
"I like science fiction and physics, things like that. Planets being sucked into black holes, and the various vortexes that create possibility, and what happens on the other side of the black hole. To me it's the microcosmic study of the macrocosmic universe in man, and that's why I'm attracted to it." ~Wesley Snipes
a) Mars
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INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY - KCSE GEOGRAPHY NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS, Q & A, OTHER RESOURCES
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Introduction to Geography
By end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
Course Outline
Definition of:
Relationship between Geography and other disciplines The meaning of Geography
Environment
The Human Environment
Branches of Geography
1. Physical Geography
Deals with the study of natural physical environment of human kind. The areas covered include:
2. Human and Economic Geography
Study of people and their activities on the earth’s surface. The areas covered include:
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3. Practical Geography
A smaller branch which equips the learner with practical skills that enhance their understanding and interpretation of human and physical geographical information. The areas are:
Importance of Studying Geography
“Our world is evolving without consideration, and the result is a loss of biodiversity, energy issues, AND CONGESTION in cities. But geography, if used correctly, can be used to redesign sustainable and more livable cities.” Relationship between Geography and Other Subjects
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