Consequences of breaking oaths in Traditional African Society (TAS)
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MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE BIBLE
The Bible is divided into two main sections i.e.
Apocrypha/Deutro-canonical Books
Gen 15:1-19
Genesis 15:1-19 Revised Standard Version (RSV)
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Importance of the covenant
- It marks God’s initiative to enter into a personal relationship with humankind which had been destroyed.
- It signified the reward of obeying and having faith in God.
- It confirms that God was willing to fulfill the promises He had made to Abraham.
- Through the covenant with Abraham, all nations of the world were to receive God’s salvation.
- It shows that God may elect an individual and use him/her for His purpose.
- By entering into a covenant with Abraham, God was confirming His choice of Abraham as the one to fulfill His plan of salvation.
List of Contents
Introduction
Explain the effects of translating the Bible into African Local languages.
State ways in which the Bible is misused in Kenya today.
Reasons why Bible reading is important to Christians
Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Good news
The meaning of the expression the Bible is the 'Word of God’
Outline the process of Bible translation from the original to the local
Identify any seven literary forms used to write the bible
Give six reasons why Christians read the Bible.
TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE FROM ORIGINAL LANGUAGES TO THE PRESENT LOCAL LANGUAGES
Introduction
The word translate means:
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The reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African Communities
23/8/2019
Similarities and differences between traditional African view of evil and biblical concept of sin
26/7/2019
Similarities
- In both cases, God is the Supreme Being and is good. He is not the author of evil/sin.
- Both believe that sin/evil arises from human beings disobedience and greed.
- Both agree that sin causes a lot of human suffering.
- In both cases, evil may result from failing in a social/spiritual obligation
- In both cases, evil and sin results in human beings being separated from God
- In both cases, God is the guardian of morality, law and order
- In both cases, God is the guardian of morality, law and order.
- In both it destroys relationships among human beings.
- Both create a situation of fear and mistrust among members.
- In both cases, the ultimate result of both is death.
- 10. Both evil and sin can result to destruction of God’ creation through natural calamities such as drought.
- In both cases, evil and sin can be avoided through righteous living.
- In both cases, there are spiritual powers associated with them.
- In both cases, result in punishment by God.
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Differences
- African communities believed that the spirits of the dead are the cause of evil but not so in the bible.
- Some African communities believed that evil is an independent or isolated power employed by human beings to cause harm. But it is not so in the Bible.
- The Bible believes that sinners will have eternal punishment but Africans believe that punishment is only in the present world.
- Biblically people are sinners as descendants of Adam and Eve i.e. sin is passed on from one generation to another. This is not the case in African society.
- Although sin has separated humankind from God, Biblically there is a plan of salvation/ redemption, however, there is no such plan in African system.
DEFINITION OF PROPHETS
- A prophet is a person who predicts what will happen in their future.
- A prophet is a person who receives messages from God through a special channel such as vision, dream, prayer and tell people what God has revealed to him
Prophecy
- A divine message from God’s servant
- An utterance by a prophet about an event or events to take place in future
The five categories of prophets
- Early Old Testament prophets
They appeared early in the history of Israel as a nation e.g. Moses, Elijah, Samuel ,Nathan - Professional prophets
They earned their living through their work of prophecy like Samuel was given a silver coin as token for his prophecy
They were true prophets and they never give prophecies in favour of what the king wanted to hear - Prophetess
Female / women prophets e.g. Hilda, Miriam and more others - Canonical prophets
Their writings were accepted as truth from God. Their prophecies are recorded and preserved under books bearing their names - Work of canonical prophets
Foretold future events
Called people to repent sins
Are God’s spokesmen
Proclaimed God’s judgement
Give audience hope and encouragement during suffering
They told people God’s will - False prophets
They were prophets who were claimed to speak in the name of Yahweh
They demanded payments for their services
They lived immoral lives
They gave false testimonies
They practiced prophetic ecstasy
They were not guided by Yahweh by their own imagination
They promoted idolatry
They gave message which pleased people
Some were paid by the king to convey message which pleased him
Describe ways in which prophetic messages were written
- Some prophets dictated their message to their secretaries
- Prophets wrote their prophetic messages
- Prophet disciples preserved the message orally which were later written
- Some prophetic messages were written by God himself e.g. the ten commandments
- Some prophetic messages were preserved in form of letters
- They were written in stone tablets and scrolls
Relationship between the old testaments prophets and the New Testaments
- Old testament prophets condemned insincere worship and elaborate sacrifice which was also condemned by Jesus in the New Testament
- Theme of salvation in the Old Testament is fulfilled in the new testament through the coming of Jesus Christ
- The prophecy of suffering servant in the Old Testament is fulfilled in the New Testament through the suffering of Jesus Christ
- The idea of suffering servant in the old testament as prophesied by Isaiah also came to pass through the suffering of Jesus Christ
- The prophecy of the new covenant in the Old Testament is inaugurated by Jesus during the last supper
- Nathan’s prophecy to king David of great descendant who would establish everlasting kingdom is affirmed by the angel Gabriel‘s message during annunciation of the birth of Jesus Christ.
Similarities between the traditional African and Old Testament prophets
- Both were approached to reveal and interprets God’s message to the people
- In some cases prophets led people in religious rituals
- In both cases they were consulted to settle disputes in community
- In both cases they were charismatic personalities
- They both condemned social injustices and evil
- They felt the irresistible force to carry out God’s message
- In both cases they had supernatural powers
- They both warned people of impending danger and foretold the future
- The prophecies in both came to pass
- They were both called by god to convey his messages
- Both were mediators between God and the people
Differences between Old Testament and traditional African prophets
- prophecies of the old testament prophets were recorded and written while those of traditional African prophets were never written or recorded
- old testament prophets were rejected by their own people while those from traditional African were loved by their own people
- Traditional African prophetic character was hereditary while in the Old Testament was never hereditary.
- Old testament prophets received their message from God while traditional African prophets received their messages from the spirits and ancestors
- Old Testament prophets were universal while traditional African prophet were local i.e. elect with only one community.
The relevance of the Old Testament and the traditional African prophets to Christians today
- Christian should lead a prayerful life
- Christians should condemn in the evil in the society
- Christians should preach the gospel to all people without discrimination
- Christians should assure people of God’s protection in their lives if they obey God’s teaching
- Christians should be courageous in when doing the work of God
- Christians should lead exemplary lives
- Christian should obey God’s message and those in lawful
- Christians have a duty to reveals Gods nature to the people
[KCSE 2015 CRE PAPER 1 QUESTION 4A.]
State four differences between traditional African prophets and the Old Testament prophets. (8 marks)
- The old testament prophets were called by God while traditional African prophets inherited their roles
- Old testament prophets delivered messages to their own people and those outside their locality while traditional African prophets were concerned with their own communities
- The prophecies of the old testament were recorded while those of the traditional African prophets were passed on orally
- Old testament prophets spoke of the coming messiah while traditional African prophets did not have this concept
- Old testament prophets were rejected in their communities while traditional African prophets were liked/respected by their communities
- Old testament promoted monotheism/while traditional African prophets promoted polytheism.
Topical questions on selected prophets in old Testament
- Gives the similarities between traditional African prophets and old testaments prophets (8mks)
- Explain the roles of prophet in the old testaments (7mks)
- State five titles given to the prophets in the old testaments (5mks )
- Give the similarities between traditional African prophets and old testament prophets (8mks)
- Give the five categories of prophet of prophets (5mks)
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Ways in which Christians express their faith in God today
- Praying to God.
- Giving offering and tithes.
- Reading the Bible/Bible study.
- Preaching the gospel.
- Singing Christian songs.
- Attending fellowships.
- Helping the needy.
- Leading holy life/obeying God’s laws.
- Repenting their sins.
- Partaking sacraments e.g. the Lord’s Supper, baptism e.t.c.
- Caring for God’s creation.
- Celebrating Christian festivals.
RELATED SEARCHES
- 24 COMMON QUESTIONS ON FAITH AND GOD’S PROMISES (ABRAHAM) & MARKING SCHEMES
- FAITH AND GOD’S PROMISES: ABRAHAM
- WAYS IN WHICH GOD REWARDED ABRAHAM'S FAITH
- HOW THE CHURCH HELPS TO BRING BACK MEMBERS WHO HAVE FALLEN FROM FAITH
- FACTORS WHICH LEAD PEOPLE AWAY FROM THE WORSHIP OF GOD TODAY
- DISCUSS JESUS’ TEACHING ON THE POWER OF FAITH
- IDENTIFY FIVE TRADITIONAL AFRICAN PRACTICES WHICH DEMONSTRATES PEOPLE’S BELIEF IN GOD
- GIVE PROMISE THAT GOD MADE TO ABRAHAM
KCSE 2015 QUESTION 3(c) PAPER 1
- Through praying/fasting
- Through preaching/evangelism/winning souls to the kingdom of God
- By singing/dancing for God/composing songs/listening to christian songs
- By building worshipping places
- By giving tithes/offerings to God
- By helping the needy/acts of charity
- Through forgiving others/repenting their sins
- By respecting their church leaders/spiritual authority
- By having special attires/wearing a crucifix
- By leading righteous lives/obeying God’s commandments/role models
- By observing religious festivals/rituals/church functions
- By reading the bible/Christian literature
How do Christians in Kenya demonstrate their faith in God? (8 marks)
KCSE 2019 QUESTION 3(c) PAPER 2
Identify seven ways in which Christians demonstrate their faith in God
- Christians pray/pronounce blessings in the name of God.
- They give offering/tithe in church.
- They confess/repent their sins/forgive others.
- By building places of worship for God.
- They undergo baptism/partake of the Holy communion.
- By visiting places perceived to be holy/sacred.
- By obeying the teachings of Christ/commandments/reading the word of God.
- Caring for God’s creation/helping the needy.
- Composing/singing songs to God.
- Dedicating their lives/time to serve God in various positions/preaching gospel.
REASONS FOR KINGSHIP IN ISRAEL - (1 SAMUEL 8:1 – 9)
1 SAMUEL 8
1 Samuel 8 New International Version (NIV)
Israel Asks for a King
8 When Samuel grew old, he appointed his sons as Israel’s leaders. 2 The name of his firstborn was Joel and the name of his second was Abijah, and they served at Beersheba. 3 But his sons did not follow his ways. They turned aside after dishonest gain and accepted bribes and perverted justice.
4 So all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah. 5 They said to him, “You are old, and your sons do not follow your ways; now appoint a king to lead us, such as all the other nations have.”
6 But when they said, “Give us a king to lead us,” this displeased Samuel; so he prayed to the Lord. 7 And the Lord told him: “Listen to all that the people are saying to you; it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected me as their king. 8 As they have done from the day I brought them up out of Egypt until this day, forsaking me and serving other gods, so they are doing to you. 9 Now listen to them; but warn them solemnly and let them know what the king who will reign over them will claim as his rights.”
10 Samuel told all the words of the Lord to the people who were asking him for a king. 11 He said, “This is what the king who will reign over you will claim as his rights: He will take your sons and make them serve with his chariots and horses, and they will run in front of his chariots. 12 Some he will assign to be commanders of thousands and commanders of fifties, and others to plow his ground and reap his harvest, and still others to make weapons of war and equipment for his chariots. 13 He will take your daughters to be perfumers and cooks and bakers. 14 He will take the best of your fields and vineyards and olive groves and give them to his attendants. 15 He will take a tenth of your grain and of your vintage and give it to his officials and attendants. 16 Your male and female servants and the best of your cattle and donkeys he will take for his own use. 17 He will take a tenth of your flocks, and you yourselves will become his slaves. 18 When that day comes, you will cry out for relief from the king you have chosen, but the Lord will not answer you in that day.”
19 But the people refused to listen to Samuel. “No!” they said. “We want a king over us. 20 Then we will be like all the other nations, with a king to lead us and to go out before us and fight our battles.”
21 When Samuel heard all that the people said, he repeated it before the Lord. 22 The Lord answered, “Listen to them and give them a king.”
Then Samuel said to the Israelites, “Everyone go back to your own town.”
8 When Samuel grew old, he appointed his sons as Israel’s leaders. 2 The name of his firstborn was Joel and the name of his second was Abijah, and they served at Beersheba. 3 But his sons did not follow his ways. They turned aside after dishonest gain and accepted bribes and perverted justice.
4 So all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah. 5 They said to him, “You are old, and your sons do not follow your ways; now appoint a king to lead us, such as all the other nations have.”
6 But when they said, “Give us a king to lead us,” this displeased Samuel; so he prayed to the Lord. 7 And the Lord told him: “Listen to all that the people are saying to you; it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected me as their king. 8 As they have done from the day I brought them up out of Egypt until this day, forsaking me and serving other gods, so they are doing to you. 9 Now listen to them; but warn them solemnly and let them know what the king who will reign over them will claim as his rights.”
10 Samuel told all the words of the Lord to the people who were asking him for a king. 11 He said, “This is what the king who will reign over you will claim as his rights: He will take your sons and make them serve with his chariots and horses, and they will run in front of his chariots. 12 Some he will assign to be commanders of thousands and commanders of fifties, and others to plow his ground and reap his harvest, and still others to make weapons of war and equipment for his chariots. 13 He will take your daughters to be perfumers and cooks and bakers. 14 He will take the best of your fields and vineyards and olive groves and give them to his attendants. 15 He will take a tenth of your grain and of your vintage and give it to his officials and attendants. 16 Your male and female servants and the best of your cattle and donkeys he will take for his own use. 17 He will take a tenth of your flocks, and you yourselves will become his slaves. 18 When that day comes, you will cry out for relief from the king you have chosen, but the Lord will not answer you in that day.”
19 But the people refused to listen to Samuel. “No!” they said. “We want a king over us. 20 Then we will be like all the other nations, with a king to lead us and to go out before us and fight our battles.”
21 When Samuel heard all that the people said, he repeated it before the Lord. 22 The Lord answered, “Listen to them and give them a king.”
Then Samuel said to the Israelites, “Everyone go back to your own town.”
The people requested Samuel to choose for them a king because:
- Samuel’s sons were bad and evil leaders/failed as judges/perverted justice and therefore the people rejected them.
- The Israelites wanted to be like their neighbouring nations/other nations who had earthly kings.
- They needed a leader/warrior king who would lead them to war against their enemies e.g. the Philistines.
- They wanted a stable hereditary leadership.
- They wanted a human leader who could be recognized by other nations.
- A leader to organize them.
- Wanted a political nation governed by law and order instead of a theocratic government.
- Samuel had grown too old and needed a replacement.
- They failed to understand that Yahweh was their unseen King. God alone chooses rulers.
Give five reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king.(1 Samuel 8). (5 marks)
Reasons why the Israelites demanded for a King (1 sam 8)
- Samuel who was their judge had become old
- The two Sons of Samuel, Joel and Abijah who had replaced him were corrupt
- The Israelites wanted a King who would lead them to war/battles
- They wanted a King so as to be like other nations around them
- It was a reflection of their rejection of God as their King
- They wanted a human/physical King they could see.
- Wanted to be governed by law/order.
- Stable hereditary leadership.
Characteristics of God’ covenant with Abraham
- It was unconditional
it had two unequal parties i.e. God and Abraham. - It had promises which were given by God.
- It had an outward sign which was circumcision.
- It was sealed through the blood of the sacrifice.
- It was voluntary
Abraham entered it willingly. - It was binding
it was to be kept even by Abraham’s descendants. - It was initiated by God.
Explain the characteristics of a covenant. (5 marks)
Characteristics of a covenant
- An agreement between two individuals/parties-
A covenant is an agreement between two parties /individuals who were separate before - Promises
the parties involved exchange vows /make promises to each other - Witnesses
There are both physical /spiritual witnesses during the making of a covenant - Signs
are the physical/outward mark to remind the parties of their obligations to each other - Ceremony
There are rituals performed to seal the covenant - Conditions/consequences
Each party is expected to honour their part of the covenant/failure leads to consequences. - Seal
A binding rite
African communities were regulated by a strict code of laws and moral values. In this lesson we shall study moral values, which regulated individual members of society as well as the community itself.
What is a cultural value?
These are community practices and beliefs. Each community has cultural values that it accepts and upholds. These cultural values are laws, customs, and forms of behavior, regulations, rules, observances and taboos.
The cultural values form a moral code, which regulates the community. For example, if the culture, values private property, it will have laws that forbid theft of property. These laws are cultural values. Cultural values influence the social order and peace. God gives peace and harmony. God is seen as the giver and guardian of the law. Disobedience was and still is regarded as evil, wrong and was and still is punishable by law.
The cultural values form a moral code, which regulates the community. For example, if the culture, values private property, it will have laws that forbid theft of property. These laws are cultural values. Cultural values influence the social order and peace. God gives peace and harmony. God is seen as the giver and guardian of the law. Disobedience was and still is regarded as evil, wrong and was and still is punishable by law.
What are Moral Values?
Moral values are acts/deeds that are acceptable or good in the society.
Moral values are standards of behavior towards others. They are based on what is valued by the community. Moral values are also positive attitudes. Each community decided what is important to it and what is desirable for its members to practice and uphold.
Examples of moral values
Hospitality
- This refers to generosity and kindness to guests and strangers in homes.
- Africans welcomed visitors at any time. They were treated to plenty of food, drink and entertainment.
- Today there is a tendency towards individualism especially in the case of those living in urban centers.
Honesty
- Means being truthful.
- It was taught to children as they grow up to ensure they become dependable people who always tell the truth.
Courtesy
- Refers to politeness and good manners.
- In A.T.S there were rules that guided the behavior of individuals towards others based on age, gender and status of a person.
Tolerance and perseverance
- Tolerance means to endure somebody/something without complaining.
- Perseverance is a steady effort to achieve a goal without giving up.
- People in A.T.S valued these qualities as they aided one to go through hardships courageously.
- These values were reinforced during initiation.
Loyalty
- Being true and faithful in supporting somebody or a particular cause.
- Children are taught values of the community which they are expected to keep and protect.
- They are taught not to betray the family and friends and always stick together.
Chastity
- This is having good sexual morals.
- Unmarried people were expected to keep their chastity or virginity until marriage while adultery was forbidden for the married.
Respect
- Polite behavior to oneself and others where one recognizes other’s rights and status.
- Children are taught to recognize the status of their parents, elders and leaders.
Responsibility
- Caring attitude towards others that leads one to help them.
- Africans helped one another.
Love
- A strong feeling of affection towards somebody or something which was expressed in actions in A.T.S.
- Love is equated with protection, loyalty, co-operation, generosity and hospitality which were important in T.A.S.
Co-operation
- This is working together for a common purpose.
- In T.A.S people worked together in all circumstances which made work and life easier for them.
- In T.A.S, people co-operated to accomplish tasks for the good of all.
Integrity
- It is the quality of having strong moral values.
- People of integrity do not give up on their beliefs and values even in the face of intense pressure.
- People of integrity are respected and will often be given positions of leadership.
Unity solidarity
- This is to join together.
- Africans united in all aspects
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Questions that you will most likely meet in examinations
Give five reasons why virginity is encouraged in both traditional African communities and Christianity. (5 mks)
- It ensures purity/ chastity before marriage
- Uphold moral values of the community
- Protect gift of sex from misuse
- Protect youth from unwanted pregnancies/ diseases
- Uphold dignity/ respect/ reputation of individuals
- It is a source of joy/ prestige to the couple.
Identify the moral values acquired during initiation (6 mks)
- Courage
- Tolerance/Perseverance
- Honesty
- Loyalty
- Chastity
- Respect
- Responsibility
- Love
- Co-operation
- Integrity
- Hospitality
Identify eight moral values acquired during marriage in traditional African communities. (8 mks)
- Love
- Respect/courtesy
- Obedience/Loyalty/Faithfulness
- Responsibility
- Tolerance/endurance/patience/perseverance
- Co-operation/unity
- Courage
- Humility
- Honesty
- Integrity
- Hospitality/kindness
ELIJAH’S FIGHT AGAINST FALSE RELIGION AND CORRUPTION
Introduction
60 years after Jeroboam was made ruler of the kingdom of Israel, a prophet named Elijah appeared in the Northern Kingdom of Israel. He prophesied during the time of King Ahab, son of Omri (869 – 850 BC).
60 years after Jeroboam was made ruler of the kingdom of Israel, a prophet named Elijah appeared in the Northern Kingdom of Israel. He prophesied during the time of King Ahab, son of Omri (869 – 850 BC).
Prophet Elijah’s mission
- He was God’s spokesman/messenger of God.
- He spoke with the authority of Yahweh with no fear of the consequences to himself
- He stood for the covenant way of life at a time when it was rejected by the Israelites.
- Elijah pronounced God’s judgment on Israel together with her king for their sin.
FIGHT AGAINST FALSE RELIGION [1 KINGS 18:17-46]
1 Kings 18:17-46 New International Version (NIV)
17 When he saw Elijah, he said to him, “Is that you, you troubler of Israel?”
18 “I have not made trouble for Israel,” Elijah replied. “But you and your father’s family have. You have abandoned the Lord’s commands and have followed the Baals. 19 Now summon the people from all over Israel to meet me on Mount Carmel. And bring the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table.”
20 So Ahab sent word throughout all Israel and assembled the prophets on Mount Carmel. 21 Elijah went before the people and said, “How long will you waver between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow him; but if Baal is God, follow him.”
But the people said nothing.
22 Then Elijah said to them, “I am the only one of the Lord’s prophets left, but Baal has four hundred and fifty prophets. 23 Get two bulls for us. Let Baal’s prophets choose one for themselves, and let them cut it into pieces and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. I will prepare the other bull and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. 24 Then you call on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of the Lord. The god who answers by fire—he is God.”
Then all the people said, “What you say is good.”
25 Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose one of the bulls and prepare it first, since there are so many of you. Call on the name of your god, but do not light the fire.” 26 So they took the bull given them and prepared it.
Then they called on the name of Baal from morning till noon. “Baal, answer us!” they shouted. But there was no response; no one answered. And they danced around the altar they had made.
27 At noon Elijah began to taunt them. “Shout louder!” he said. “Surely he is a god! Perhaps he is deep in thought, or busy, or traveling. Maybe he is sleeping and must be awakened.” 28 So they shouted louder and slashed themselves with swords and spears, as was their custom, until their blood flowed. 29 Midday passed, and they continued their frantic prophesying until the time for the evening sacrifice. But there was no response, no one answered, no one paid attention.
30 Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come here to me.” They came to him, and he repaired the altar of the Lord, which had been torn down. 31 Elijah took twelve stones, one for each of the tribes descended from Jacob, to whom the word of the Lord had come, saying, “Your name shall be Israel.” 32 With the stones he built an altar in the name of the Lord, and he dug a trench around it large enough to hold two seahs[a] of seed. 33 He arranged the wood, cut the bull into pieces and laid it on the wood. Then he said to them, “Fill four large jars with water and pour it on the offering and on the wood.”
34 “Do it again,” he said, and they did it again.
“Do it a third time,” he ordered, and they did it the third time. 35 The water ran down around the altar and even filled the trench.
36 At the time of sacrifice, the prophet Elijah stepped forward and prayed: “Lord, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, let it be known today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. 37 Answer me, Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, Lord, are God, and that you are turning their hearts back again.”
38 Then the fire of the Lord fell and burned up the sacrifice, the wood, the stones and the soil, and also licked up the water in the trench.
39 When all the people saw this, they fell prostrate and cried, “The Lord—he is God! The Lord—he is God!”
40 Then Elijah commanded them, “Seize the prophets of Baal. Don’t let anyone get away!” They seized them, and Elijah had them brought down to the Kishon Valley and slaughtered there.
41 And Elijah said to Ahab, “Go, eat and drink, for there is the sound of a heavy rain.” 42 So Ahab went off to eat and drink, but Elijah climbed to the top of Carmel, bent down to the ground and put his face between his knees.
43 “Go and look toward the sea,” he told his servant. And he went up and looked.
“There is nothing there,” he said.
Seven times Elijah said, “Go back.”
44 The seventh time the servant reported, “A cloud as small as a man’s hand is rising from the sea.”
So Elijah said, “Go and tell Ahab, ‘Hitch up your chariot and go down before the rain stops you.’”
45 Meanwhile, the sky grew black with clouds, the wind rose, a heavy rain started falling and Ahab rode off to Jezreel. 46 The power of the Lord came on Elijah and, tucking his cloak into his belt, he ran ahead of Ahab all the way to Jezreel.
18 “I have not made trouble for Israel,” Elijah replied. “But you and your father’s family have. You have abandoned the Lord’s commands and have followed the Baals. 19 Now summon the people from all over Israel to meet me on Mount Carmel. And bring the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table.”
20 So Ahab sent word throughout all Israel and assembled the prophets on Mount Carmel. 21 Elijah went before the people and said, “How long will you waver between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow him; but if Baal is God, follow him.”
But the people said nothing.
22 Then Elijah said to them, “I am the only one of the Lord’s prophets left, but Baal has four hundred and fifty prophets. 23 Get two bulls for us. Let Baal’s prophets choose one for themselves, and let them cut it into pieces and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. I will prepare the other bull and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. 24 Then you call on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of the Lord. The god who answers by fire—he is God.”
Then all the people said, “What you say is good.”
25 Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose one of the bulls and prepare it first, since there are so many of you. Call on the name of your god, but do not light the fire.” 26 So they took the bull given them and prepared it.
Then they called on the name of Baal from morning till noon. “Baal, answer us!” they shouted. But there was no response; no one answered. And they danced around the altar they had made.
27 At noon Elijah began to taunt them. “Shout louder!” he said. “Surely he is a god! Perhaps he is deep in thought, or busy, or traveling. Maybe he is sleeping and must be awakened.” 28 So they shouted louder and slashed themselves with swords and spears, as was their custom, until their blood flowed. 29 Midday passed, and they continued their frantic prophesying until the time for the evening sacrifice. But there was no response, no one answered, no one paid attention.
30 Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come here to me.” They came to him, and he repaired the altar of the Lord, which had been torn down. 31 Elijah took twelve stones, one for each of the tribes descended from Jacob, to whom the word of the Lord had come, saying, “Your name shall be Israel.” 32 With the stones he built an altar in the name of the Lord, and he dug a trench around it large enough to hold two seahs[a] of seed. 33 He arranged the wood, cut the bull into pieces and laid it on the wood. Then he said to them, “Fill four large jars with water and pour it on the offering and on the wood.”
34 “Do it again,” he said, and they did it again.
“Do it a third time,” he ordered, and they did it the third time. 35 The water ran down around the altar and even filled the trench.
36 At the time of sacrifice, the prophet Elijah stepped forward and prayed: “Lord, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, let it be known today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. 37 Answer me, Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, Lord, are God, and that you are turning their hearts back again.”
38 Then the fire of the Lord fell and burned up the sacrifice, the wood, the stones and the soil, and also licked up the water in the trench.
39 When all the people saw this, they fell prostrate and cried, “The Lord—he is God! The Lord—he is God!”
40 Then Elijah commanded them, “Seize the prophets of Baal. Don’t let anyone get away!” They seized them, and Elijah had them brought down to the Kishon Valley and slaughtered there.
41 And Elijah said to Ahab, “Go, eat and drink, for there is the sound of a heavy rain.” 42 So Ahab went off to eat and drink, but Elijah climbed to the top of Carmel, bent down to the ground and put his face between his knees.
43 “Go and look toward the sea,” he told his servant. And he went up and looked.
“There is nothing there,” he said.
Seven times Elijah said, “Go back.”
44 The seventh time the servant reported, “A cloud as small as a man’s hand is rising from the sea.”
So Elijah said, “Go and tell Ahab, ‘Hitch up your chariot and go down before the rain stops you.’”
45 Meanwhile, the sky grew black with clouds, the wind rose, a heavy rain started falling and Ahab rode off to Jezreel. 46 The power of the Lord came on Elijah and, tucking his cloak into his belt, he ran ahead of Ahab all the way to Jezreel.
- Prophet Elijah asked Ahab to assemble all the people at Mt. Carmel.
- The king summoned all the people including the prophets of Baal to Mt. Carmel.
- Elijah told the people to choose between worshipping God and Baal.
- He suggested to the people that two bulls be brought and each party to offer a sacrifice to their God.
- He challenged them and said whichever party will make their God burn the sacrifice will be the true God.
- The prophets of Baal were given a bull which they prepared and called upon the name of their god.
- Elijah mocked the m asking them to shout louder to their god.
- They prayed, cut themselves with knives until the bled but Baal did not answer them.
- Elijah asked the people to come to near him as he repaired the altar of God.
- He placed the sacrifice on the altar and asked the people to pour water on it.
- Fire consumed the sacrifice/ the wood/ the stones/ the water/ dust around it.
- The people threw themselves on the ground and worshipped the Lord as the true God.
- Elijah killed the prophets of Baal.
KCSE 2016(Q3b.PP1): Discuss four life skills used by prophet Elijah to fight against false religion in Israel. (8 marks)
this question also featured in KCSE Paper 1 2012
(B) DISCUSS FOUR LIFE SKILLS USED BY PROPHET ELIJAH TO FIGHT AGAINST FALSE RELIGION IN ISRAEL. (8 MARKS)
- Assertiveness - He told Ahab that he was the cause of trouble in Israel.
- Creative thinking - He requested for a contest between the prophets of Baa/ and himself.
- Decision making -He killed the prophets! prophetesses of baa!.
- Self esteem - He was convinced that God was on his side.
- Negotiation - Elijah asked the Israelites to choose between God and Baal.
- Conflict resolution - Through the contest, he convinced the Israelites that Yahweh was the true God.
- Effective communication - He explained to the people how the contest was to be carried out.
- Self awareness - He knew that he was the prophet of the true God/ He had confidence in himself.
The following are some of the reasons why the Bible is considered as a form of a library
- The Bible is a collection of 66 books.
- The Bible was written using different literary styles e.g. poetic, prayers.
- The different books were written by different authors from different backgrounds.
- The books were written at different times in history over along span of time.
- The books in the Bible are arranged in order from the Old Testament to the New Testament.
- The books were written in different places.
- The books of the Bible cater for different audience e.g. priests, women, men etc.
- The books are arranged according to different subjects for example: books of law, books of history, wisdom writings, among others.
Human Authors (2 Peter 1:20-21)
- God used various human authors to write His message which is found in the different books of the Bible.
- Some of the authors were kings, scribes, apostles and disciples.
- The writers lived at different times in history from the time of Moses to the Gospels.
- The nature of the content written was influenced by the historical, political and religious factors of the time.
- All the writers of the Bible were Jews except Luke who was a Gentile.
- All books of the O.T. were written in Palestine except Ezekiel and Deutro- Isaiah which were written in exile.
- The N.T. books were written in many parts of the Roman Empire.
The literary forms used in the writing of the Bible
- Poetry-e.g. Job.
- Prayers-e.g. Psalms.
- Wise sayings-e.g Proverbs.
- Philosophical essays-e.g. Ecclesiastes.
- Prophetic Speeches-e.g. Jeremiah.
- Love Songs-e.g. Song of Solomon.
- Religious Epics-e.g.Kings.
- Legislative Texts-e.g. Leviticus.
- Epistles/ letters-e.g. Corinthians.
- Gospels-e.g. Luke’s Gospel.
Outline the reasons why the Bible is referred to as a Library (kcse 2016)
- It contains many books.
- The books were written by different authors
- It has different categories of books/divisions
- The books are written in different styles/forms
- The books in the Bible were written at different times/situations/backgrounds
- The books in the Bible address different issues/topics/purposes
- The books were written for different audiences/readers
- The books are systematically arranged /order/chronologically
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The following are the reasons why Samuel was unwilling to choose a king;
- Choosing a king meant rejecting of God as their ruler/king/challenged the kingship of God over Israel.
- The king would force people into military services.
- The king would introduce forced labour in Israel.
- The king would introduce slavery in Israel.
- The king would grab their land and property.
- The king would impose heavy taxation to maintain the army
- The king would demand free food and services.
- The king would Force people’s daughters into inter-marriage.
- The king would take their daughters to be perfumers and cooks in his palace.
- In becoming like other nations, the Israelites would lose their identity as a covenant people.
- Hereditary kingship would bring oppression and dictatorship in Israel.
- It was a way of not appreciating/ not being thankful for God’s deliverance from Egypt/ Exodus.
- If ruled by the king the Israelites would lose their identity as God’s chosen people/people of the covenant.
- The king would not be God’s choice and thus would not rule according to God’s will/ demands.
- The king would deviate/ divert people’s attention from God and the covenant way of life.
- They will cry out to God and He will not listen.
State six reasons why Samuel was against kingship in Israel.
Reasons why Samuel was against kingship in Israel.
- The demand for a King was seen as a rejection of Yahweh as their unseen king.
- The King would force their sons to serve him as soldiers.
- The Israelites would be like other nations which did not know God/ lose their identity as covenant people.
- God would reject them as His people/would not hear their pleas when they call.
- The King would overtax them.
- The King would grab their land/other properties.
- The King would make them slaves.
- The King would introduce forced labour.
- The King would take their daughters as perfumers/cooks/bakers.
Read more on;
- Samwel
- Kingship in Israel
The importance of David as an ancestor of Jesus Christ
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Promises God made to David through Prophet Nathan
In 2 Sam 7:9 – 16 is a summary of the divine promises made to David by God. These are as follows;
- God promised to Keep David and his descendants safe from all enemies.
- God would give David’s descendants a place to settle/their own land.
- God promised to raise up an heir from the house of David to sit on the throne.
- He promised to let David’s son be the one to build a temple for him. God’s relationship with this king would be like that of a father to his son.
- God promised to establish an everlasting kingdom for David and his descendant rule forever.
- God promised to make David’s name greater or famous among all other leaders of the earth.
- God would protect David’s descendants from oppression and make them live in peace.
- God would bury David with ancestors.
- God would punish David’s son when he did wrong.
- God would always support David’s heirs.
- The Messiah would come from David’s lineage.
- God would protect David from his enemies.
The immediate fulfillment of these promises was seen in the reign of King Solomon, David’s son and successor.
- Solomon did build the Temple of God (1 Kings 6:1)
- Solomon’s reign was marked by a period of peace and prosperity since David had subdued all the enemies of Israel.
David as an ancestor of Jesus Christ
- Jesus was born in the family of David.
- Joseph was a descendant of David Luke 1:26
- Angel Gabriel in his annunciation message to Mary says that Jesus will be like his ancestor David Luke 1:32 – 33.
- Zechariah in his Benedictus says that God has raised up a savior descended from the house of David Luke 1:69.
- Jesus was born in Bethlehem which was also the birth place of David. Luke 2:4.
- The blind man at Jericho hailed Jesus as the son of David and looked to him to restore his sight Luke 18:38.
- Jesus was hailed by the crowd as the Messiah descended from David during his triumphal entry into Jerusalem (Math 21:9).
- God promised David that he would have an everlasting kingdom and Jesus established the Kingdom which does not have geographical boundaries/an everlasting kingdom.
- The early apostles like Peter and Paul made a number of references to Jesus as a descendant of David. Acts 2:29 – 35, 13:23.
Related searches;
Questions on topic
-
Explain the significance of David as an ancestor of Jesus to Christians today.
- The promises that God made to King David pointed to the mission of Jesus in the world to save sinners.
- Through Jesus a descendant of David, Christians are blessed/protected/have peace.
- Through David, Jesus came to establish a spiritual kingdom/the church.
- David recognized the divinity of Jesus as Lord/Saviour who Christians also recognize as Lord/saviour.
- David as an ancestor of Jesus established proper worship of God in Israel which has been emulated by Christians.
- David the ancestor of Jesus made preparations to build a temple for God which has been realized in the modern day places of worship built by Christians.
- Through David Christians have been promised a place to settle in heaven.
-
Identify seven ways in which David demonstrated faith in God. (7 marks)
- He brought back the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem.
- He made Jerusalem a religious centre
- He composed hymns
- He showed respect to God’s prophets
- He wanted to build a house for God.
- He represented when he sinned.
- He constantly sought God’s guidance.
- He humbled himself before God and submitted to the will of God.
- He praised and danced for God.
- Give seven reasons why David’s successors failed to lead Israel towards the covenant way of life.
- State seven promises of God to David through prophet Nathan. (7 mks)
- Outline six of God’s promises to David to Christians today. (6 mks)
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Outline six promises that God gave David.
- - God promised him and his descendants protection.
- - God promised his descendants land.
- - One of his sons would build the temple for God.
- - God would raise up a heir for His throne.
- - God would establish an everlasting kingdom for him.
- - God would make David’s name famous.
- God’s relationship with David’s son would be that of a Father to his son.
-
Explain seven ways how King David is an ancestor of Jesus Christ
- Saint Paul asserted that the good news of salvation is about the Son of God who took human nature and was born from David’s lineage.
- The Gospels say that Jesus was born in the family of David as the Virgin Mary was betrothed to Joseph of the house of David.
- In Matthew’s genealogy, Jesus was a descendant of King David.
- In his annunciation message to Mary, the angel says that Jesus will be a king like his ancestor David.
- Zechariah says that God has raised up a savior descended from the house of David.
- Jesus was born in Bethlehem which was also the birth place of David.
- The blind man at Jericho hailed Jesus as the Son of David.
- In his triumphant entry to Jerusalem, Jesus was hailed by the crowd as the Messiah descended from David.
- The early apostles like Peter made a number of references to Jesus as a descendant of David in their sermons.
- State seven qualities of a good leader that modern leaders can learn from King David
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