Read the following passage below and answer questions 39 to 50.
The pupils of Kimbuni Primary School and the neighboring community have realized that it is possible to grow a forest even in a dry area.
Ten year ago, Mr. Kumbi was posted to the school to teach science. The head teacher said that the new teacher was very keen on tree planting and farming. “he will be in charge of afforestation campaign and he will help us establish a school farm, “the head teacher declared. The pupils stared as the head teacher and Mr. Kumbi in disbelief. What kind of farming could happen in this place which received rain only in November and remained dry and dusty for the rest of the year?
The head teacher was a Local resident and he knew what r. Kumbi was proposing was not going to be easy. But he promised to co-operate, Mr. Kumbi had received agricultural training in college. He was so enthusiastic and confident that the head teacher admired him.
Today. Mr. Kumbi is the proud patron of the Environmental club, the young Farmers’ Association and the Green Belt Movement in the school. He has inspired such love for growing trees that each pupil in the school has planted at least two trees and is taking care of them. The species include the exotic and indigenous ones. The pupils believe that the greenery of the whole compound which has even spread to the surrounding village is entirely the work of Mr. Kumbi. However emphasis that it is the efforts of the pupils. At no stage does he give himself that is so obvious his.
The students remember the trips Mr. Kumbi used to make in his pick-up truck to get red soil and seedlings. They remember going to collect cow dung from the fields and their homes. Fetching water from the stream was very tiring. Later, the head teacher and the parents organized a fundraising event and the school was able to buy a water pump.
The water pump has enabled the school not only to water the trees but also to grow food crops. Nowadays, pupils of Kiambuni Primary school can boast of a good meal at lunch time and a quiet retreat into the forest they have helped to grow. The school is a big contrast to what it used to be ten years ago when parents had to buy every food item on the menu. draw water and meet the cost of replacing corrugated sheets blown off by the wind.
Kimbuni Primary School is now a model school. It is surrounded by trees and there are lovely plots of potatoes. cabbages, beans, cauliflower and kales. There are also banana gloves and small plantations of maize and millet. The school also keeps dairy cows, pigs and poultry. The boys and girls no longer look for manure for they have more than enough. The school is a living example of what determination can do. ​

39. Other school started planting trees
        a. Because the area was very dry
        b.In November when its wet
        c.When it got a water pump
        d. When Mr. Kumbi was posted there
40. The pupils’ reaction when they were first told about tree planting and farming shows that they
        a.Though that the head teacher was not serious
        b.Wondered if they had heard properly
       c.Were doubtful that the project would succeed
       d.Had never considered such a thing.
41. The school had not planted trees before because
       a. It only rained once a year
       b.Nobody wanted to plant trees
       c.There was no red soil
      d.Everybody thought it was too difficult
42. What made Mr. Kumbi succeed in his efforts?
        a.He was determined and interested in everything he did
        b. He was determined and got support from everybody
        c.He was an enthusiastic and confident person
        d.He was an enthusiastic and co-operative person
43.From the fourth paragraph we Learn that
       a.The pupils enjoy taking care of trees
       b.The trees on the school were planted by “the Green Belt Movement”
       c.Only exotic trees were planted in the school
       d.Mr. Kumbi is proud of the work he has done.
44. The word exotic as used in the passage means?
      a. Strange
      b.Common
      c.Traditional
      d.Foreign
45. Which of the following does not describe Mr. Kumbi’s character?
     a. Hardworking
     b. Influential
     c.Humble
     d.Proud
46.  How has the keeping of livestock helped to improve the school farm?
    a. It has made the school farm a model
    b. It has provided manure for the school farm
    c.It has made milk and meat available
    d.It has made the school farm attractive
47. Why don’t the parents keep replacing the roof anymore?
     a. The wind does not blow any more
     b.They have put on a permanent roof
     c.The wind is not blown off by the wind anymore
     d.They have planted trees all round
48. Why do you think its necessary to buy a water pump?
     a.It made it easier to water the trees and crops
     b.It was very tiring to keep walking to the stream
     c.The parents wanted to expand the school farm
     d.The parents had raised enough money to buy the pump
49. We are told in the passage that, the greenery spread to the surrounding villages. This means?
    a.The whole area has become green
    b.The water pump was helping everyone
    c.The community realised the importance of trees
    d.The community also began to plant trees
50. What do you think would be a suitable title for this passage?
   a.Trees in the desert
   b.Successful tree planting
   c.Mr. Kumbi and the trees
   d.Transformation of Kimbuni. 

Read the passage below and then answer questions 26 to 38.
Stasha considered herself a very lucky little girl. She had the most loving parents . Her parents were immensely rich. She lacked for nothing. Hr favourite time was bedtime when her parents would tell her wonderful inspiring stories. However, all was shattered one afternoon when her mother died suddenly of an unknown illness. Stasha and her father were heart brocken. He suddenly looked old. Decisding to devote himself to stasha, he swore never to remarry.
    It wasn’t long, however, before it became clear that he couldn’t manage to bring his daughter up on his own. He therefore remarried and got two other daughters. If Stasha had hoped to gain another loving mother and siblings to share things and play with, she was badly mistaken. Her stepmother turned her into a servant- one could even say a slave. She was expected to do all the household chores and the farm work as well. Heavy beating awaited her if she failed to finish the work. She always looked dirty, overworked, weak and farmished for she never had enough to eat.
    One day when Stasha’s father was travelling to another country, he asked his three daughters what they would like him to bring each of them. The step sisters asked for expensive shoes, clothes and jewellery. Stasha, on the other hand, paused for a long time and then requested, “ please bring me the most beautiful plant that you can find.” And for once in a long time, her father did not fail her. The plant was truly beautiful. She planted it on her mother’s grave and watered it faithfully. As if to respond on her tender loving care, it blossomed and produced the most beatiful flowers ever seen. It attracted colourful birds and insects. One particular bird, called Chapchap, became Stasha’s best friend and advisor. Whenever the stepmother and sisters tried to uproot the plant, Chapchap ordered the insects to attack them viciously.
    Days turned into years, then one day, the son of the king declared that he wanted nto marry. He ordered that all the beautiful young girls of the land attend a three-day party at the palace. It was from among them that he would choose his bride. Each girl adorned herself in her best clothes and jewellery. Poor Stasha had no such but her friend, Chapchap, came in handy. He not only gave her beatiful clothes and shoes but also helped her finish her chores in good time. At the palace, the prince was simply enchanted with her beauty. On the second day, Chapchap gave her gold bracelets for her small shapely wrists. The prince could hardly take his eyes off her. He danced with her all evening. Stasha’s stepsisters were green with envy and wondered which heaven this rival had dropped from. They were relieved when she left early but the prince was very disappointed.
    On the final day of the party, Stacha lost opne bracelet as the prince tried to stop her from escaping early yet again. The following day, the prince swore that his bride would be the girl that the discarded bracelet would fit. He went from home to home looking for the girl. When he eventually came to stasha’s home, her stepsisters found a golden opportunity to try their luck. The elder one tried to cut hr thumb so that the bracelet could fit her but Chapchap alerted the prince. The younger one, whose hand was too small had herself stung by a bee in the wrist, but once again, Chapchap blew the wistle on her.
    Chapchap then advised the prince to try the bracelet on the dirty covered-girl in the garden. It fitted her perfectly. The prince immediately ordered that plans for the wedding commence. Even more colourful was the wedding that followed a few days later. Stasha, against the advice of Chapchap, had invited even her stepmother and stepsisters.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50
      One of the most amazing things about the discovery of a 2,000 year old cemetery in the Bahariyah Oasis in Egypt was that no one was looking for it. No one even knew it existed. It had been completely buried by sand.
      In 1996, a donkey belonging to a guard at the neraby temple stumbled into a hole in the sand a mile from the temple. When the guard peered into the hole, he saw something shining brightly. He reported the discovery to Egyptian archaeologists right away.
      However, the archaeologists did not begin serious digging immediately. They did not have the workers or the money. So they made a quick survey of the site, and then covered everything up again. They wanted to hid it from thieves and protect it from exposure to the sun and weather. Finally, in 1999, they had enough money to begin exploring the site.
      On their very first day of work, after digging only several feet into the sand, they found a lot of mummies. Mummies are dead bodies that have been preserved for a long time. They are mostly found in Egypt. One of them had an especially beautiful mask. It was no a pharao’s mummy, though. It turned out that none of the tombs in this cemetery belonged to royalty. Most of the people buried here came from families that grew rich by trading in wine.
      The most spectacular of these mummies have masks made of plaster covered with a thin layer of gold. Many are in wonderful condition. And because grave robbers never found these tombs, everything that was buried with them is still there. Most of the mummies have been left where they were found, but a few of the best preserved ones are on display in the Bahariya Museum, where the public can take a look at them.
      Two mummies were found lying side by side and were probably a husband and a wife. His mask and chest plate were decorated with religious figures. Her head was turned in his direction, indicating that the husband had died first.
      The other mummies are of children. Archaeologists think they were brother and sister because they were found together. The boy was probably about five years old. His mask with its painted eyes and features are so real – he almost seems alive!
      Did archaeologists find treasures in these tombs? It depends on what you mean by ‘treasures’. They have not found any solid gold, but they have discovered all sorts of objects. The people buried in the cemetery may have thought some of these items would be useful in the afterlife. Or some may have been intended as gifts to the gods. For example, archaeologists have unearthed small statues of various gods. They have found many pieces of jewellery – necklaces, bracelets and anklets – made of copper, glass, ivory and semi-precious stones.
      They have also discovered many pottery pieces used for storing, cooking or serving food. There were some bronze Greek and Roman coins too. And in the children’s tombs, they found toys – carved animals for the children to play with in the afterlife.
      Archaeologists will be able to learn more about these people and their way of life by further studying their mummies and the things buried with them. And so many mummies were buried in the valley of Golden Mummies that excavation and learning will continue at the site for years to come.
(Adapted from secrets of past by World Book, Inc. 2002)

​            “I wonder what Aoko is doing at home,” Njeri said, looking at her friend Cherono. “Why don’t we go and find out?”
            The three were close friends. In fact inseparable. They spent most of the day together, especially during the school holidays like now. Nine o’clock always found the girls together, and they would not part till evening. Strangely today, Aoko was nowhere to be seen yet it was already 10 o’clock.
            The two girls walked to Aoko’s home. As they neared the house, Njeri called out, “Aoko, you have visitors!” There was no response. Obviously their friend was not in.
            Outside the house was seated an old lady the two girls had never seen before. They went up to her and Cherono greeted her in Aoko’s mother tongue. Cherono spoke the language fluently, one could not tell she was from a different community. The old lady responded and smiled broadly, exposing toothless gums. Njeri guessed the old lady was probably a hundred years old. Cherono then asked her where Aoko was.
            “I sent her to the shops to buy something, just get in and wait. I’m sure she’s on her way back,” said the lady.
            Njeri did not understand a word. She just followed her friend into the house.
            Half an hour later, the girls were still waiting. Impatience got the better of Njeri. She suggested that they go away and return later. Cherono on the other hand had a different idea. She was curious about the old lady seated outside.
            “Why don’t we go out and chat with the lady, you know these old people usually have fascinating stories to tell,” she said.
            “But I won’t understand a thing. For you, the language is not a problem, so you’ll probably enjoy the stories,” grumbled Njeri.
            After a little persuasion, Njeri gave in on condition that Cherono would translate everything into English or Kiswahili. They went out and found the lady humming a tune. She was in a world of her own, her face a picture of happiness. She did not seem to notice the two girls, who also did not want to break in on her bliss.
            “Oh!” she exclaimed when  she realised she was being watched, “I really love singing. It is good for the sould. Do you also sing?” she asked.
            Njeri looked at Cherono expecting her to translate what the lady had just said. And she did.
            “I see you friend does not understand our language. The lady commented in English. The two girls were taken aback. “I just wanted to find out whether you two also love to sing,” she said, looking at Njeri.
            “Yes,” replied Njeri. “buy I do not know you spoke English.”
The lady let out a hearty laugh, once again exposing her toothless gums. She then went on to explain that she was a retired teacher of English, having taught for forty years.
            “I was taught the language by its owners,” she boasted.
            “Just as I learnt your language from its owners,” Cherono remarked proudly. It was the lady’s turn to be astonished. “You mean you do not come from our community yet you speak our language so well?”
            Aoko arrived to find the three deep in conversation. She was holding a newspaper. She explained that she had had to walk all the way to the shopping centre for it. “My great grandma loves reading and as soon as she arrived here this morning she asked for a newspaper.”
Soon afterwards the three girls skipped away leaving the old lady buried in the paper.

    When I was a small boy, my home was always full of babies and children of my relatives. In fact, I hardly recall any occasion as a child when I was alone. In my community, the Sons and daughters of one’s aunts and uncles are considered brothers and sisters, not cousins. We have no half-brothers and half-sisters. My mother’s sister is my mother, my uncle’s son is my brother and my brother’s child is my son or my daughter.       The school consisted of a simple room. I was seven years old, and on the day before I was to begin, my lather took me aside and told me that I must be dressed properly for school. Until that time, I, like all the other boys, had worn only a blanket, which was wrapped round one shoulder and pinned at the waist. My father took a pair of his trousers and cut them at the knee. He then told me to put them on, which I did, and they were roughly the correct length, although the waist was far too large. My father then took a piece of string and drew the trousers in at the waist. I must have been a comical sight, but I have never owned a suit I was prouder to wear than my father’s cut-off trousers.
    Of my mother’s three huts, one was used for cooking, one for sleeping and one for storage. In the hut in which we slept, there was no furniture. We slept on mats and sat on the bare floor. I did not discover pillows until much later. My mother cooked food in a three-legged iron pot over an open fire at the centre of the hut or outside. We grew all the food we ate at home.
     From an early age, I spent most of my free time in the field playing and fighting with the other boys of the village. A boy who remained at home tied to his mother’s apron strings was regarded as a weakling. At night, I shared my food and blanket with these same boys. I was no more than five when I became a herds boy looking after sheep and calves in the fields. I discovered the almost mystical attachment that the Xhosa have for cattle, not only as a source of food and wealth, hut as a blessing from God and a source of happiness. It was in the fields that I learnt how to knock birds out of the sky with a slingshot, to gather wild honey and fruits and edible roots, to drink warm, sweet milk straight from the udder of a cow, to swim in the clear streams, and to catch fish with twine and sharpened hits of wire.
     As boys, we were mostly left to our own devices. We played with toys we made ourselves. We moulded animals and birds out of clay. Nature was our playground. I learnt to ride by sitting atop weaned calves — after being thrown to the ground several times, one got the hang of it. I still love open spaces, the simple beauties of nature, and the clear blue skies.
     I don’t think my parents intended to take me to school. No one in my family had ever attended school. But a friend of my father’s, George Mbekela visited us one day and told my mother, ‘Your son is a clever young fellow. He should go to school.” My parents discussed it and decided to send me to school.

​   All his life Charles Dickens, one of the greatest novelists in the world, would remember a particular day when he was nine years old, and something his father said. They were out walking together and had stopped, as they often did, to admire a handsome brick house. With its lovely windows and neat lawn, it seemed as grand as a palace.
   Then John Dickens told his son that if he worked very hard, someday he might live in that house. The thought took Charles’ breath away. The sort of person who would live in that house would be a distinguished man of taste and education. His father believed that Charles could someday be like that. All he had to do was work hard.
   He could not have known on that day how far he would fall and how high he would rise, and that he really would live in that house, and that he would die there.
   When Charles looked back on his childhood, these were happy years. They lived in a small house which had a little garden and, across the road; there was a playground for the children. He had a nursemaid, Mary. Who comforted his childish sorrows? She also terrified him with blood-curdling horror stories that he adored, though they gave him nightmares. He spent wonderful hours in his tiny room reading from his father’s set of novels. He went for days imagining himself to be one of his storybook heroes.
   But when Charles was ten, his father was transferred to London, and his happy childhood came to a sudden end. His father had many wonderful qualities. He worked hard at his job and was loving to his wife and children. He had many friends and loved to invite them to the house in the evening for a bowl of steaming porridge and lively conversation. But he had one terrible fault: he spent more money than he made.
   In the ten years of Charles’ life, the family had lived in six different houses, each poorer than the one before. And as the number of mouths to feed kept growing, the family fell deeper and deeper into debt.
When they reached London, Charles was shocked to learn that he would not be sent to school -they couldn’t afford it. He stayed at home and made himself useful by cleaning his father’s boots and minding the younger siblings. His parents seemed to have forgotten him and all his ambitions.
   Two days after his twelfth birthday, Charles was sent to work at a factory. From eight in the morning till eight at night, he worked in a dark room, covering pots of boot polish and pasting on labels. Other children worked there, too, but they were not like his old friends. They were poor boys with rough manners who referred to him scornfully as the “young gentleman.”
   Worse still, two weeks later his father was arrested for debt and sent to prison, where he had to stay until his debts were paid. His wife and children were allowed to join him there. The whole family living in one room- everyone, that is, except Charles. The factory was too far from the prison for him to get back before the gates were shut at night. So he lived in a cheap boarding house. From Monday morning to Saturday night, he was on his own with “no advice, no counsel, no encouragement. no consolation, no support from anyone”.
   At night he wandered through the dark city. His clothes were shabby. He had no friends. Instead of growing into a fine gentleman, he had descended to the streets.
   The memory of that time was so painful that, even as a grown man. Charles could not walk through those streets without the sting of tears coming to his eyes. And years later, when he became a famous writer, his stories were filled with orphaned and abandoned children, debtors’ prisons, factories, and the grim and degrading lives of the poor. 

Our future diet __1__ this small planet __2__ contain a lot less meat, and a lot of new foods we haven't even heard of __3__. If we think of the produce people grow and eat, we think of only a few __4_ _of grains or fruits, or vegetables, and probably we __5__ those are the only ones that are available around the world. __6__ Kenyans today only eat food taken from about twenty different crops, yet there are at __7__ twenty thousand edible kinds of plants in the world. Many of __8__ offer alternatives that are better for our health than a lot of the meals we eat now.
Most of us, for __9__, have eaten only one or two varieties of potatoes, __10__ Latin American farmers grow up to fifty different types. Many are __11__ suitable for our __12__ and offer good nutrition.
Scientists are working to develop new food crops to __13__ new needs. Some of these new crops __14__ developed because they are easier to grow than existing ones, __15__ because they are more resistant to disease.

   Some people are able to __1__ worry quite easily. Others, __2__ , are like sponges. They soak it up and __3__ time, worrying becomes a habit that they find difficult to break. Of course we all tend to worry about __4__. It could be money, safety, appearance, performance, friends, family __5__ a thousand other things.    But it is __6__ to realise that worry accomplishes nothing positive. It lets air out of all you do, draining fun and excitement __7__ everything.
   Worry makes us miserable, impatient and forgetful. It can keep you __8__ at night or make your stomach ache. It can make it hard to concentrate. Constant worry can lead to __9__ stress, panic attacks or other __10__. What most people do not realise is that it is __11__ a waste of time and the more you worry the __12_ you achieve. So, let go __13__ your worries. After all, many of __14__ things that you worry about __15__ never happen.

Every day you make hundreds of decisions. Today you decided __1__ to get up, what to wear, what to eat and whether or not to talk to a __2__ person. You started __3__ decision-making pattern when you were young and __4__ use that same pattern today. __5__ most people, this decision-making pattern is successful.
Poor decision-makers, __6__, usually do not realise that their decision-making process __7__ inadequate.
Every time we have to make a decision, we must __8__ understand why the decision is necessary. We __9__ then consider the possible alternatives and select the __10__ one. Our __11__ in solving problems also increases if we include the opinions of others.
Some people __12__ making decisions because they are afraid they will __13__ a mistake. Their goal is to make the perfect decision, __14__ there is no such thing as the perfect decision. Every decision is a risk. Good decision-makers know that almost __15__ decision can be changed.

   Songs have been and continue to be an important part of our tradition. For thousands of years, songs have been used for a variety of __1__. For example, songs have been used by communities to __2__ feelings of joy during occasions such as weddings, birthdays __3__ graduation parties. In funerals, songs communicate the sadness and sorrow of the family and friends of the one __4__ has died.
    Another important social use of songs is entertainment. Everybody __5__ to listen to good music; we do not need encouragement to start singing __6__ or swaying our bodies in tune with the beats of a good song. Sometimes people are heard humming __7__ of popular songs __8__. When they are working, walking or relaxing, Music is medicine for the soul. It gladdens and comforts a __9__ heart. In addition, songs are viewed as the most __10__ way of expressing love for a loved one. Romantic songs are so common that small children know and can sing them __11__ ease.
    Songs also play a part in our religious and political life. For instance, we sing praises to God as part of our worship __12__ songs express our gratitude to God for the gift of life, good health and for meeting our __13__ needs. In political rallies songs are used to arouse people’s emotions and to persuade them to support a certain party or individual. They can __14__ be used to demand change. Which political gathering __15__ be complete without some singing and dancing?

Many people in various parts of the world experience stress. It can be defined as worrying excessively about a __1__ situation. I would like us to share some thoughts __2__ how to manage stress as an ongoing __3__. First of all, the manner __4__ which we explain things that happen to us will determine the __5__ of our actions
Stress has no age limit. Children __6__ known to experience and express extreme stress. Sometimes stress leads to disagreements with __7__ whom we love. We need to be aware that stress __8__ come in a bang. Thinking about __9__ events is one way of building on our failures. A small failure here and there so increases pressure __10__ it __11__ reach a level which is beyond __12__
The second point is to __13__ note of anything which causes war in the self. Remember at one time, __14__ may have made a passing comment __15__. “You look so ugly.” If you store this in your mind and keep on thinking about it, it becomes unhealthy.

   I enjoy doing many things in my free time. But of all of them, __1__ travelling is the best. There are three versions why this is so.
   Firstly, when I travel, I learn many __2__ Things about the culture of __3__ place I am visiting. This is  __4__ true when I travel to a foreign country,  __5__ it is also true when travelling in my own country. People often forget __6__ there is much variety even within one's own country.
   __7__, I like travelling because I can try __8__ Food. Eating is one one of my favourite activities, so __9__ I travel, I try as many different dishes as possible. Some people say they eat to live. __10__, I know many others who live to eat although they __11__ not admit it. Perhaps I am one of them.
Food is a major part of culture. Therefore, to really experience and understand different cultures, it is    __12__ to eat the things the people of that culture eat.
   The last reason travelling is the best thing to do when I am free is that when I travel, I can __13__ all my problems at home. I don't have to think __14__ work or school. I can relax concentrate on the things that bring __15__ to my heart.

​It is often ___1___ that all living things, plants and animals, have a ___2___ for existence. Each living organism plays an important role ___3___ it exists. However, there is one creature whose importance is ___4___ to see. This is the mosquito. What most people know ___5___ this tiny beast is that it is the major ___6___ by which Malaria is spread. It is therefore not ___7___ that some people have demanded the complete elimination of ___8___ species from the face of the earth.
            It is interesting to note that the insect does not ___9___ to spread disease. It just wants to feed itself and to reproduce. Researchers have discovered that the female mosquito needs to feed on blood in order to lay eggs. As it moves from one source to another in ___10___ of blood, it ends up picking up and spreading the organisms that cause the disease. A common rule of nature is ___11___ at work here; the survival of one creature means the death of another.
            Some scientists have argued that the insect is not___12___useless. It serves as food for some other creatures such as lizards, geckos and birds. The lives of these predators ___13___ be at risk if there were no mosquitoes, and this would ___14___ affect the population of animals that in turn feed on the predators. All this would finally affect the food chain, causing an imbalance___15___nature.

​Laughter is part of everyday human communication. We can __1__ think of a day in our lives that __2__ without us Laughing or hearing someone laugh. Research has shown that human beings are __3__ of laughing even before they are born.__4__ pictures have shown unborn babies smiling in their mothers’ wombs. Smiling __5__ be thought of as the first __6__ of laughter.
Humans are not the only __7__ capable of laughing. It is__8__that chimpanzees and gorillas also make sounds and facial expressions that resemble those made by humans__9__ laughing. The major difference, __10__, is that whereas human beings can laugh at jokes, it is doubtful __11__ animals can see the funny __12__ of life. It should, however, be noted that laughter is not always __13__ expression of happiness. Sometimes we laugh to __14__ up embarrassment or hide our fears. We may even laugh to__15__ annoyance