fifteen years of kcse agriculture topical questions and answers - ATIKA SCHOOL

Discuss pneumonia in calves under the following sub-headings:

14/7/2020

pneumonia in calves

(I) predisposing factors
(ii) Symptoms
(iii) control measures.

Answer

(i)Overcrowding of calves in the pen.
Dampness/chilliness in the pen.
Poor ventilation.
Age/ younger calves are more prone to pneumonia than order calves,
(ii) Rough hair coats/ruffled hair.
Loss of appetite.
Abnormal lung sounds, for example: whizzing.
Emaciation.
Frequent coughing.
Nasal discharge. .
Fluctuating body temperature.
Rapid/laboured breathing.
Dull and reluctant to move.
(iii) Treating the sick calves with antibiotics.
Providing warmth in pens
Maintaining good sanitation in pens.
isolating sick calves to avoid spread of the disease.

Name and describe the features of an ideal calf pen.

14/7/2020

features of an ideal calf pen.

Answer

• Concrete / raised slatted floor: The pen should always be clean. The pen should be
easy to clean
Dry litter: Should have dry litter on the floor. The roof should be leak proof.
• Adequate space: The pen should be large enough to allow for exercise/ feeding/
watering.
Proper lighting. Should have good supply of natural light) sunlight.
• Proper drainage: Should have good drainage in and around the pen.
‘ Draught free: The structure should stop strong winds from blowing into the calf
pen,
• Proper ventilation: Structure should allow for fresh air circulation.
Security: Should be strong enough to keep away intruders? wild animals.

Describe the functions of the gear box in a tractor

14/7/2020

functions of the gear box in a tractor

Answer

Helps the driver to select any forward or reverse gear.
Adjusts speed of the drive from the engine crankshaft to the drive shaft.
Helps to alter the speed ratio.
Enables the power from the engine to be more easily applied to the work done by the tractor.
Enables the driver to stop the actor movement without stopping the engine or
without foot pressing on the clutch all the time.

Name the strokes in a four stroke engine and describe how each operates.

14/7/2020

strokes in a four stroke engine

Answer

Induction stroke: The piston moves down the cylinder causing the inlet valve to open and draw in fresh supply of petrol vapour and air into the cylinder.
Compression stroke: The inlet valve closes and the piston moves up the cylinder. This compresses the fresh fuel mixture into the combustion chamber.
The power stroke: Fully compresses the fresh fuel mixture and as a result a spark is produced at the spark plug. This causes the fuel mixture to ignite and expand resulting in pressure that forces the piston down the cylinder.
The exhaust stroke: The piston moves up the cylinder to eliminate the burnt fuel mixture through an open exhaust valve

Outline the factors to consider when selecting livestock for breeding

14/7/2020

factors to consider when selecting livestock for breeding

Answer

Body conformation.
Fertility/breeding ability.
Adaptability of the breed to the area/hardiness.
Mothering ability in case of females.
Production potentially yielding capacity.
Temperament/behaviour, for example: cannibalism egg eating
Deformities/ abnormalities, for example: one eye, lameness.
Health,
Offspring performance.
Age of animal.
Growth rate.
Lifespan/ reproductive life.
Disease resistance

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