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Publishing Notes, Questions, and Quick Answers as Learning Aids

Why do many people find math challenging?

10/10/2023

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Transforming Math Education: From Memorization to Critical Thinking

Why do many people find math challenging?
​As a mathematics PhD student who has tutored and taught math extensively, I've observed a common issue among my classmates and students: they perceive math as a matter of memorizing formulas and applying them. Unfortunately, this instructional approach is often ineffective. To illustrate the difference, let me provide an example comparing two teaching methods for a simple concept:

​Method 1:

​The teacher presents a list of area formulas for various shapes, such as equilateral triangles, squares, rectangles, right triangles, and regular hexagons. These shapes may appear quite distinct, each with its own formula.

​Method 2:

​The teacher visually demonstrates why the area of a rectangle equals its width multiplied by its height, using a diagram.
​The teacher visually demonstrates why the area of a rectangle equals its width multiplied by its height, using a diagram.Picture
By counting the squares within the rectangle, students can clearly see that the area is 15. By exploring further examples, students will realize that multiplying the side lengths yields the area.
​

Building on this understanding, the teacher guides students to derive the formula for the area of a square based on the rectangle area formula, as squares are a special type of rectangle.

At this point, students can deduce the area formula for right triangles by observing that two identical right triangles form a rectangle. Consequently, the area of the triangle is half the area of the rectangle, expressed as (1/2)base*height.
the area of the triangle is half the area of the rectangle, expressed as (1/2)base*height.Picture
Next, the teacher introduces the formula for the area of an equilateral triangle (a triangle with all sides of equal length), which is x^2 * (√3/4), where x represents the side length.
​
Using this knowledge, students can construct the area formula for regular hexagons (six-sided shapes with equal side lengths and angles) by envisioning a regular hexagon as six equilateral triangles combined (each with side length x).

​Thus, the area of a regular hexagon becomes six times the area of each equilateral triangle, which can be simplified to 3x^2 * (√2/3).
​Thus, the area of a regular hexagon becomes six times the area of each equilateral triangle, which can be simplified to 3x^2 * (√2/3).
The key distinction between these teaching methods lies in the fact that the first method requires memorizing five seemingly unrelated equations. If students forget any of these formulas, they will struggle with related problems, leading to frustration. This isolated and uninteresting approach often leads students to lose interest in math.
In contrast, the second method cultivates critical thinking rather than rote memorization. In this approach, students only need to remember one formula. They can recreate any other formula during tests or while working on homework. Furthermore, they will be able to derive formulas for other shapes, such as octagons or parallelograms. Students taught in this manner develop connections between seemingly disparate branches of math and appreciate the captivating intricacies within the subject.
Naturally, it also helps when teachers relate math to real-world applications. Merely learning area formulas for different shapes may seem pointless to some students. However, if teachers explain the practical significance of these formulas, the concepts are more likely to resonate. For example, students can explore the perimeters (side lengths) of shapes with the same area, contemplating questions like: If a square and a circle have the same area, what are their respective perimeters? Teachers can then illustrate how this concept appears in nature, such as the formation of spherical bubbles, which minimize surface area (analogous to perimeter) relative to volume (analogous to area). To demonstrate this, teachers can bring in bubbles and various tools folded into different shapes, showing that regardless of the shape of the bubble wand, the resulting bubbles always assume a spherical form. â€‹
This connection reinforces students' understanding, as they witness how circles (two-dimensional versions of spheres) also minimize perimeters.
Note: It's worth mentioning that this teaching method can be applied to non-visual problems as well. The focus is not solely on visual aids (although visualizing math is beneficial) but rather on explaining the process of obtaining formulas. This approach can be employed even for highly algebraic problems.

CITATION:

BY Samantha Moore FIRST APPEARED ON QUORA
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-math-hard-for-most-people
​People also like seeing why tricks work after seeing a trick work, in my experience. This happened when in the course of conversation, someone mentioned 51*49 as what they needed but didn't have a calculator handy. I said I didn't need a calculator, it's 2499. Astonished, he asked how I could multiply so fast.

Rather than tell him that it just happened to be two numbers that I had used consistently in algebra tutoring, I gave him the lesson.

(x+1)*(x-1)=x^2-1

It's basic algebra, but now given form. I said because I know this, I can derive that two numbers multiplied together that are exactly two apart are always going to be easy. I find the square of the number in between and subtract one.

After he found a calculator, he tried it on a few other numbers. Finding it to be true, and thoroughly impressed, he asked if there were any other secrets I was keeping from him.

If people never find an application for math that they deem worthwhile or, at the very least, interesting, they tend to not care about the really neat and interesting applications that are available out in the world.

CREDIT TO:

Shaun Wehe
Knows about Pokemon, among other things
NCO at U.S. Air Force2004–present
B.S. in Mobile Development, Full Sail UniversityGraduated 2020
Lives in Alaska1993–present

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Jesus as the Anointed One and Son of God

10/10/2023

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The Concept of the Messiah in the New Testament

The concept of the Messiah in the New Testament is a central theme in Christian theology. It refers to Jesus Christ as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and the savior of humanity. The New Testament portrays Jesus as the anointed one, the Son of God, who came to Earth to bring salvation and reconcile humanity with God.

Key aspects of the concept of the Messiah in the New Testament include:

  1. Fulfillment of Prophecies: Jesus is seen as the fulfillment of Messianic prophecies found in the Hebrew Scriptures. These prophecies include his birth from a virgin, his lineage from the house of David, and his role as a suffering servant [1].

  2. Divine Sonship: Jesus is described as the Son of God, emphasizing his divine nature and unique relationship with God the Father. This divine sonship is a key aspect of his Messianic identity [1].

  3. Savior and Redeemer: Jesus is believed to be the Savior who offers salvation and redemption to humanity. Through his sacrificial death on the cross, he provides forgiveness for sins and offers the opportunity for eternal life [1].

  4. Miracles and Teachings: The New Testament highlights Jesus' miracles and teachings as evidence of his Messianic identity. His ability to perform miracles and his authoritative teachings demonstrate his divine power and authority [2].

  5. Resurrection and Second Coming: The New Testament also emphasizes Jesus' resurrection from the dead and his promise to return in the future. His resurrection is seen as a confirmation of his Messianic role and his victory over sin and death [2].


Learn more:

  1. Describe the concept of the messiah in the new testament - ATIKA SCHOOL
  2. 8 teachings about the messiah according to st Luke's gospel - ATIKA SCHOOL
  3. With reference to St. Luke’s gospel explain the Jewish expectation of the Messiah (8 marks) - ATIKA SCHOOL

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Analyzing Stationary Points in the Function f(x) = x^3 + x^2 - x - 1

10/10/2023

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X^3+x^2-x-1thus determine the stationary points and their nature

Explore the analysis of stationary points in the cubic function f(x) = x^3 + x^2 - x - 1. Learn how to find and interpret these points, including their nature as maximum or minimum points. Gain insights into the derivative and second derivative to determine the behavior of the function around these critical points.
To determine the stationary points and their nature for the function f(x) = x^3 + x^2 - x - 1, we need to find the derivative and solve for values of x where the derivative equals zero.
First, let's find the derivative of f(x):
f'(x) = 3x^2 + 2x - 1
Next, we equate the derivative to zero and solve for x:
3x^2 + 2x - 1 = 0
This equation can be solved using various methods, such as factoring, completing the square, or using the quadratic formula. Let's use the quadratic formula in this case:
x = (-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)) / (2a)
For our equation, a = 3, b = 2, and c = -1. Plugging in these values:
x = (-2 ± √(2^2 - 43(-1))) / (2*3)
x = (-2 ± √(4 + 12)) / 6
x = (-2 ± √16) / 6
x = (-2 ± 4) / 6
This gives us two possible values for x:
x1 = (-2 + 4) / 6 = 2/6 = 1/3
x2 = (-2 - 4) / 6 = -6/6 = -1
Now, we have two potential stationary points: (1/3, f(1/3)) and (-1, f(-1)). To determine their nature (whether they are maximum, minimum, or inflection points), we can analyze the second derivative or observe the behavior of the function around these points.
Taking the second derivative of f(x):
f''(x) = 6x + 2
Substituting x = 1/3:
f''(1/3) = 6(1/3) + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4
Since the second derivative is positive, f(1/3) is a minimum point.
For x = -1:
f''(-1) = 6(-1) + 2 = -6 + 2 = -4
Since the second derivative is negative, f(-1) is a maximum point.
Therefore, the nature of the stationary points is as follows:
  • (1/3, f(1/3)) is a local minimum point.
  • (-1, f(-1)) is a local maximum point.

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Two types of development by african society

9/10/2023

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TWO TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT BY AFRICAN SOCIETY

  1. Economic Development: African societies are focusing on economic development to improve the living standards of their populations. This includes initiatives such as industrialization, infrastructure development, investment in key sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, and services, promoting entrepreneurship, and attracting foreign direct investment. The aim is to foster economic growth, create job opportunities, reduce poverty, and achieve sustainable development.
  2. Social Development: African societies are also striving for social development to address various social challenges and improve the well-being of their people. This includes efforts to enhance education and literacy rates, improve healthcare systems, promote gender equality and women's empowerment, foster social inclusivity, protect human rights, and ensure access to basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and housing. Social development initiatives aim to create a more equitable and inclusive society where all individuals have equal opportunities and rights.

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Factors Influencing Mineral Occurrence

9/10/2023

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Factors Influencing Mineral Occurrence

Factors influencing the occurrence of minerals can be attributed to various physical and chemical conditions. These factors play a crucial role in determining where and how minerals are formed. Here are some key factors that influence the occurrence of minerals:

  1. Temperature and Pressure: The temperature and pressure conditions in the Earth's crust and mantle can affect the formation and stability of minerals. Different minerals have specific temperature and pressure ranges under which they can form or transform into other minerals [1].

  2. Presence of Water: Water is a vital component in mineral formation. It can act as a solvent, transporting and depositing dissolved minerals. Water-rich environments, such as lakes, oceans, and hydrothermal systems, provide favorable conditions for mineral precipitation [1].

  3. pH Level: The acidity or alkalinity of the environment can influence mineral formation. Certain minerals are more likely to form under specific pH conditions. For example, acidic conditions can favor the formation of sulfide minerals, while alkaline conditions can promote the formation of carbonate minerals [1].

  4. Oxygen Availability: The presence or absence of oxygen can impact mineral formation. Oxidation reactions play a significant role in the formation of many minerals, especially those containing metals. Oxygen-rich environments can facilitate the formation of oxides and hydroxides [1].

  5. Time: The factor of time is crucial in mineral formation. It takes time for atoms to arrange themselves into ordered structures and for minerals to grow. The longer the time available, the larger and more well-developed the mineral grains can become [1].

  6. Geological Processes: Various geological processes, such as volcanism, metamorphism, weathering, erosion, and sedimentation, can influence the occurrence of minerals. These processes can create the necessary conditions for mineral formation or expose existing minerals to the Earth's surface [3].


Learn more:

  1. 2.5 Formation of Minerals – Physical Geology
  2. Mineral - Occurrence, Formation, Compound | Britannica
  3. (a) Identify three factors that influence the occurrence of minerals. (b) Name the area where the following minerals are mined in Kenya: (i) diatomite; (ii) salt. - ATIKA SCHOOL

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