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Explain six functions of the president of India.

26/5/2020

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Explain six functions of the president of India.

He/she dissolves/calls elections of the lower house of parliament/Lok Sabha/House of the people;
The president assents/vetoes bills that have been passed by parliament;
The president is the commander in-chief of the armed forces;
The president appoints state governors/attorney general/supreme court judges;
The president declares a state of emergency when national security is threatened;
The president appoints the prime minister on advice of parliament/He calls the leader of the winning party to form government;
He/she is a symbol of national unity.
He establish special councils to arbitrate on inter state disputes.
He nominates 12 members to the Council of state/Upper House/Rajja Sabha.
He is the leader of political party that nominates him for election.
He pardons offenders.
He makes regulations for certain union territories.

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Identify three circumstances that may make a vice-president assume presidency in India.

26/5/2020

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Identify three circumstances that may make a vice-president assume presidency in India.

When the sitting president dies;
If the president becomes incapacitated;
When the president resigns;
When the president is removed/impeached.

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Explain the political challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the reign of Mobutu Sese Seko.

26/5/2020

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Explain the political challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the reign of Mobutu Sese Seko.

The banning of opposition political parties created a one party state which stifled democracy in the country;
The dictatorial regime was introduced by replacing federal system with the central government under his control:
Appointments based on loyalty/kinship in administration created disunity in the country;
The stripping off parliament of its powers through constitutional amendments led to the establishment of a totalitarian regime;
The opposition to the government created uncertainty/tension in the country leading to the arrests/harassment of opposition leaders;
The riots/demonstrations due to the civilians’ dissatisfaction with the regime caused political tension/stability in the country;
Civil wars divided the country along tribal line hence compromising national unity:
Rebellion against the regime backed by external forces led to the overthrowing of the government.

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State three ways in which the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) promoted the education of Africans after independence.

26/5/2020

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State three ways in which the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) promoted the education of Africans after independence.

Education facilities were expanded/construction of schools;
More Africans were encouraged to join school;
The curriculum was revised to conform to the needs of the people/ provided quality education;
The government established universities/tertiary institutions.

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Explain six problems experienced by the French administration in Senegal.

26/5/2020

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Explain six problems experienced by the French administration in Senegal.

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State three similarities between the French and the British structure of administration in Africa.

26/5/2020

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State three similarities between the French and the British structure of administration in Africa.

Both had a governor as the chief executive of the colony;
They had provinces as administrative units;
Both had districts as administrative units;
Both had locations as administrative units:
They had sub-locations.

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Describe five factors undermining the activities of the African Union (AU) since its formation in 2001.

26/5/2020

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Describe five factors undermining the activities of the African Union (AU) since its formation in 2001.

Political instability/civil wars in many countries makes it difficult to execute some of its programmes;
Border disputes between member countries creates disunity in the continent;
Lack of democracy in some countries has contributed to its inability to end human rights abuses/violations:
Interference of African affairs by the developed countries undermines the union’s effort to implement its policies;
Due to neo-colonialism, the members are more attached to their former colonial masters at the expense of the union;
Ideological differences between some African states creates divisions within the union thus making it difficult to reach at an agreement
Lack of a standing army renders it ineffective in implementing decisions which call for military intervention;
National interests are given priority at the expense of the union’s interests:
Inadequate funds makes it difficult for the union to fulfill all its obligations;
Divided loyalty;
Personality differences among African leaders.

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Identify five contributions made by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in promoting Pan-Africanism.

26/5/2020

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Identify five contributions made by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in promoting Pan-Africanism.

He attended Pan-African Conference in Manchester in 1945.
He organized/hosted Pan-African Conference in Accra in 1958.
He inspired African leaders to unite; .
He encouraged the formation of nationalist movements:
He co-ordinated plans to decolonize West African states/African states.
He supported black civil ri2hts movement in the U.S.A:
He condemned European domination in Africa.

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Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th century.

26/5/2020

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Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th century.

Many lives were lost due to the protractëd war between the two groups:
There was destruction of property as the Mapdinka applied scorched earth policy during the war:
The Mandinka were defeated and hence subjected to French colonial rule/loss of indepence:
The traditional institutions of the Mandinka were disrupted/weakened rendering them inerrective in discharging their duties/functions/Ioss of leadership;
The Mandinka experienced famine as most of the people were engaged in the war at the expense of farming activities:
Many people were displaced by the war, thereby becoming refugees in the neighbouring states;
The war created suffering /misery among the people leading to a state of despair;
Samore Toure was captured and deported to Gabon;
Disruption of economic activities e.g. gold mining and trade:
It laid down ground for African nationalism.

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Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century.

26/5/2020

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Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century.

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Explain five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

26/5/2020

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Explain five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

Positive effects

Through medical researches/experiments terminal diseases which used to kill/disfigure people have been reduced/eradicated:
Advancement in medical science has helped to reduce suffering to relieve people from pain;
It has made surgical operations safer thereby reducing the number of people who die during and after operations:
The invention of vaccines has helped to prevent/control the spread of diseases leading to increased life expectancy:
The technology of developing test tube babies has helped childless couples to have children;
The inventions have made it possible for transplants of body parts such as heart, liver and kidneys, thereby sustaining human life:
Advanced/sophisticated medical equipment which perform computer assisted surgery have been developed.
It has led to job creation for medics/other workers who perform various duties in health institutions;
It has led to the discovery /manufacture of drugs for treating/curing different diseases.

Negative effects .

It has led to loss of lives through abortion.
It has weakened the immune system due to over-dependence of drugs/drug abuse.
Drugs are sometimes expensive and beyond reach of many people.
Careless disposal of used medical products cause harm to human beings.
Use of contraceptives has led to sexual immorality in the society.

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What were the uses of coal during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

26/5/2020

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What were the uses of coal during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

To drive steam engines;
To provide lighting;
To heat water;
To drive locomotives;
To manufacture dyes/pharmaceutical products/raw materials in industries;
To produce coke.

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Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s way of life.

26/5/2020

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Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s way of life.

The early man was able to move/walk/run faster with long strides;
Man could use the hands to carry out farming activities;
Man could use the hands to grasp items conveniently;
Man could spot/sight the animals/wild fruits which he used to hunt/gather from far distances;
Man could see the impending danger from a distance and take appropriate measures;
Man used hands to make tools/ weapons which were used for different purposes.
Man used the hands to defend himself/attack the enemies.
Man used the hands to perform/carry out domestic chores/young ones.

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Give five reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the Stone Age period.

26/5/2020

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Give five reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the Stone Age period.

Wild animals are dangerous/could kill people;
They could surround the animals;
Spotting/locating the animal was easier;
Less time was taken to catch the animals;
To give moral encouragement/team spirit;
They could catch more animals

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State two ways in which non-aligned members safeguard their national security.

26/5/2020

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State two ways in which non-aligned members safeguard their national security.

By keeping off from conflicts of non-member countries;
By maintaining their sovereignty/independence
By maintaining their economic independence:
By not identifying with either Communism or Capitalism;
By taking independent decisions/actions in international fora:
By maintaining their cultural identity.
By not joining military alliances.

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Questions and Answers

Explain six functions of the president of India.

Identify three circumstances that may make a vice-president assume presidency in India.

Explain the political challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the reign of Mobutu Sese Seko.

State three ways in which the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) promoted the education of Africans after independence.

Explain six problems experienced by the French administration in Senegal.

State three similarities between the French and the British structure of administration in Africa.

Describe five factors undermining the activities of the African Union (AU) since its formation in 2001.

Identify five contributions made by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in promoting Pan-Africanism.

Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th century.

Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century.

Explain five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

What were the uses of coal during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s way of life.

Give five reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the Stone Age period.

State two ways in which non-aligned members safeguard their national security.

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