history topical past papers online for kcse knec

Discuss five functions of the Federal Government in the United States of America

28/5/2020

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Discuss five functions of the Federal Government in the United States of America

It levies/collects taxes which enable the government to finance its operations
It pays debts/loans extended to the government by institutions such as World Bank
It admits new states into the union like Alaska which was last to be admitted
It enacts/passes laws which regulate operations of the federal/state governments
It handles foreign affairs e.g.through ratifying treat with the other countries
It declares war and makes peace
It resolves disputes among states in order to enhance their corporation
It establishes federal courts which determine cause which are beyond jurisdiction of state court
It makes/issues currency/regulates its values
It establishes federal postal services
It gives grants to individuals states
It regulates internal and external trade
It establishes federal armed forces/defence

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Identify five ways through which the supremacy of the parliament may by limited in Britain

28/5/2020

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Identify five ways through which the supremacy of the parliament may by limited in Britain

It cannot make laws which overlook moral values.
Decision made by the parliament must take into consideration public opinion.
Local authorities are empowered to make by -laws without consulting the parliament.
It must consider interest of institutions before making laws affecting them.
Legislation passed by the parliament may be changed in the future.
International law is also taken into account when laws are made
Parliament cannot discuss what is before law court.

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Explain five challenges facing the East African Community (EAC) 2001

28/5/2020

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Explain five challenges facing the East African Community (EAC) 2001

Suspicion/mistrust among member states as some view others as more dominating its affairs/benefiting more.
Some countries impose trade barriers for goods from member states which fuels animosity.
There has been trans-border/across border smuggling of vehicles/other goods which creates economic mistrust among neighbours.
Dispute over use of natural resources/water resources has led to arrest of Sonic fishermen thereby straining relationship among affected member states
Cross-border cattle rustling raids has fueled insecurity/tension among member states.
Divided loyalty as member States belong to other regional/international organizations.
Ideological differences among leaders had led to strained relations among them.
Personal differences between leaders e.g. Kagame vs Museveni
National interests override that of the community
Inadequate funds for its operation
Poor transport and communication
Lack of common currency hinders trade
Members states produce similar goods making it difficult to trade

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Identify five objectives of the African Union(AU)

28/5/2020

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Identify five objectives of the African Union(AU)

To achieve greater unity/cohesion/solidarity among African countries/nations
To defend the sovereignty/territorial integrity/independence of its member states
To accelerate the political/social-economic integration of the continent
To promote/defend African common positions on issues of interest to the continent/the people.
To encourage international cooperation,taking due account of the charter of the UN and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
To promote peace/security/stability of the continent.

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Explain why the Allied powers were able to defeat the central powers during the First World War.

28/5/2020

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Explain why the Allied powers were able to defeat the central powers during the First World War.

They had advanced powerful weapons compared with the central powers
They had more financial resources which enabled them to block supplies to the central powers from the sea.
They were united unlike the Central powers who were disorganized
Some members of the central powers decamped thereby weakening them to the advantage of the Allied powers
The entry of the United State of America on the side of the Allied powers boosted their resources/skills
The powers were led by leaders who were competent/focused hence inspired their members
They had more manpower/soldiers who deployed during the war.

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Identify the three countries that formed the Tripple Alliance before the outbreak of the first World War

28/5/2020

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Identify the three countries that formed the Tripple Alliance before the outbreak of the first World War

Germany
Austra- Hungary
Itary

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Discuss six reasons for the defeat of Samori Toure by the French in 1898

28/5/2020

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Discuss six reasons for the defeat of Samori Toure by the French in 1898

Constant movement of the people/army denied them opportunities to carry out economic activities leading to Inadequate supply of necessary items/food.
Lack of Support from other African rulers e.g. Ahamed Seku of Tukolor empire,Tieba of Sikasso demoralized him.
Samori's second empire was difficult to defend as it was exposed to attacks from all sides/the British /the French.
The scorched earth policy that he adopted lacked support from civilians who resisted against him.
His inability to appease the conquered areas /people denied him the needed support.
The British policy of non-interference denied him their support - against the French.
The besieging of his capital by the French forced him to surrender/his blockage from retreating to Liberia.

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State three terms of the Berlin conference

28/5/2020

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State three terms of the Berlin conference

Any European country laying claim on any part of Africa should inform others
Those countries who signed the agreement declared their area of occupation/spheres of influence.
The interior of the coast area claimed by a European power becomes its sphere of influence.
That each European country must effectively occupy their area of occupation/sphere of influence
European countries that acquire colonies in Africa must abolish slave trade
River Congo, River Niger and Zambezi basins were free for all European countries to navigate.
European countries should demonstrate their authority to protect the European in the area of occupation.

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Explain six challenges which South Africa has faced in the process of industrialization

28/5/2020

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Explain six challenges which South Africa has faced in the process of industrialization

The imposition of economic sections which preserved her from trading with other countries
The long period of apartheid created an unconducive environment for industrialization
Competition from more developed countries such as western European countries whose manufactured goods were of better quality than ones from South Africa.
Industrial strikes/demonstrations/boycotts which were organized by trade unions led to low purchasing power.
Violence/xenophobia/aggression against foreigners has discouraged foreign investors/chased away the would be foreign investors
High levels of poverty which created inadequate market for manufactured goods due to low purchasing power.
HIV/AIDS has affected the working force in industries thereby undermining industrial production.
High incidences of insecurity/criminal activities in South Africa which has been caused by unemployment.

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Outline three effects of scientific invention on medicine

28/5/2020

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Outline three effects of scientific invention on medicine

It has led to the discovery of preventative/curative medicine
It has led to rise of living standards/life expectancy
It has led to increase in population/reduction of mortality rates
It has led to production of advanced medical equipment
It has led to manufacture of variety of drugs
It has created job opportunities.

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Discuss six factors which led to the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade

28/5/2020

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Discuss six factors which led to the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade

The introduction of machines/industrialization which replaced human Labour Leading to decline of demand for slaves.
Slave labour was perceived by economists to be less profitable/less productive compared to free labour.
The campaign against slave trade/slavery by philanthropists/missionaries who declared it evil/inhuman/against religious teaching.
The closure of slave market in America after the American Civil War of 1865 left slave dealers with no market for their slaves.
Propagation of liberty/equality for all human beings following the French revolution which encouraged fair treatment of all people irrespective of their racial background.
The development of legitimate trade which was more profitable aid replaced slave trade.
The signing of treaties abolishing slave trade /slavery by Britain influenced other countries to adopt the same.

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Outline three advantages of using Barter system of trade

28/5/2020

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Outline three advantages of using Barter system of trade

Some trade items are bulky/ heavy to transport
Some goods are not divisible.
Sometimes traders lack double coincidence of wants.
It is difficult to determine the value of some goods.
Some goods are perishable/last for a short period

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Discuss five solutions to food shortage in the African countries.

28/5/2020

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Discuss five solutions to food shortage in the African countries.

Reclaiming more land would increase the area for farming thereby producing more food.
Adopting irrigation which would ensure food production throughout the year.
Government should formulate/adopt food policies which would give strategies of achieving food security in the Countries.
Encouraging farmers to grow food crops that are drought resistant,require little rain tall.
Farm inputs/seeds/fertilizer/pesticides should be highly subsidized in order to make them affordable to the farmers.
Storage facilities should be improved to minimize loss/wastage before and after the harvest.
Modern/scientific farming methods such as artificial insemination should be practiced in order to improve agricultural yields.
Transport infrastructure should be improved/constructed for efficient movement of farm inputs/produce to and from markets.
Encouraging agro-forestry which would ensure food production alongside forestry.