history topical past papers online for kcse knec

What led to the failure of indirect rule in Southern Nigeria.

6/10/2021

The failure of indirect rule in southern Nigeria

Lack of centralized government
Lack of homogeneity of the Africans. i.e. southern Nigeria had many ethnic groups with diverse culture and language making it difficult to unite them under one rule
Existence of educated elites who resisted the rule
Misuse of power
Taxation and forced labour
Lugard’s attempt to appoint Igbo traditional chiefs with responsibilities like those of the Emurs in northern Nigeria was resisted
Lugards attempt to give more po3wer to the Yoruba leaders

6/10/2021

The methods used by African Nationalist to fight for political liberation in south Africa

Organized political parties eg ANC and pan- African congress to champion their grievances
Made use of trade unions to presses for better working and living conditions
They organized protest marches, defiance campaigns and demonstrations
The nationalist, would occasionally use military force
African nationalist also employed diplomacy, in an attempt to get the government’s attention and that of the international community many occasions the just regime to grant them freedom.
Nationalists who were arrested or detained often went on human strike to press the government to grant them political independence
Africa also used print media such as pamphlets and newspapers to highlight the injustice of the apartheid regime
The church leaders such as Bishop Desmond Tutu and Alan boeseak led the fight against apartheid

6/10/2021

Functions of Cairo

Cultural centre
Was a historical centre including sport and sport stadium and entertainment halls
Political centre
Transport and commercial centre
Industrial centre and has many manufacturing industries
Tourist centre, attracting more than 1.5million tourists every year
Is a historical centre having housed Egyptian civilization for more than 5000 years

6/10/2021

The contribution of Nelson Mandela in the struggle for independence in South Africa

Was the founder of ANC youth league
Was a member of ANC and used force to achieve independence
Participated in the pan- African congress
Was elected deputy president general of ANC
Used his experience as a lawyer to defend many Africans who got in trouble
Was among the nationalists who formulated the freedom charter which declared that South Africa belong to all races in the country
In 1960, formed UMkhonto Wesizwe (spear of the Nation) to fight for African independence
Travelled outside south Africa to solicit support from the other countries
Was jailed for life due to his alleged subversive activities. He was released in 1990 by Frederik de Klerk
In 1994, made history when he was elected first president for democratic south Africa

5/10/2021

The political party that took Mozambique to independence

FRELIMO
(Liberation Front of Mozambique), is the dominant political party in Mozambique. Founded in 1962, FRELIMO began as a nationalist movement fighting for the self-determination and independence of Mozambique from Portuguese colonial rule.

5/10/2021

The two methods used by the French in administration of their colonies

5/10/2021

Results of direct rule in Zimbabwe

Led to loss of independence
Traditional leaders lost their positions
Led to massive land alienation
Mining rights were taken over by British
Africans were subjected to forced labour
The Africans were greatly discriminated
They (Africans) faced the torture and brutality of the British
It undermined African culture
Caused poverty among the African due to exploitation
Provoked African nationalism. The Africans were fed up with the British exploitation, demanded independence
African traditional economy was disrupted as the African had to work in Europeans’ farms.