Reason why African resistance was defeated in Kenya during the colonial period.

Explain six causes of the Mau Mau war.

1. Failure of the colonial government to fulfill their promises to the world war veterans e.g. employment.
2. Loss of independence by Africans to Europeans.
3. There was growing unemployment and deteriorating conditions of African workers especially in towns.
4. Africans reacted to the oppression by colonial chiefs and police.
5. Bitterness among Africans due to land alienation which pushed them to crowd in reserves as squatters.
6. Refusal by the colonial government to grant them political reforms.
7. Discrimination in the provision of social services.
8. The police shooting on Uplands Bacon Factory where the workers were on strike, killing and wounding some, thus causing discontent.
9. The Olenguruone episode of 1949 which arose as a result of squatters’ problem. The squatters occupying the scheme were evicted and taken to Yatta, a semi-arid area, thus causing a lot of discontent among the Africans.
10. The closure of a vegetable factory at Karatina caused further discontent as it led to unemployment and loss of revenue to the vegetable suppliers.
11. The refusal by the colonial government to lift the ban on KAU turned the association in to an underground movement to fight against colonialism.
12. The Africans disliked the imposition of taxes and forced labour.

Explain six impacts of Mau-Mau uprising in Kenya.

1. It made it clear to constitutional planners that Africans wanted majority rule in Kenya
2. It proved to the colonial government in Kenya that they were unable to control the internal situation
3. Troops and money had come from Britain to suppress the Mau Mau.  Hence the responsibility for permanent settlement now vested with Britain
4. Many people died in the war eg 10,000 Mau-Mau men,2000 civilian African,1000 government troops     and 50 000 Europeans and Asians civilians died.
5. Tens of thousands of Africans were herded into  centralized villages  and detention camps. Thousands of prisoners suffered harsh treatment.
6. People lived for 10 years in fear for their lives.  
7. It forced the government of the British to change the constitution to improve African life eg 1957, eight Africans were elected to legislative council.  The Swynnerton plan was affected to give titles of land to Africans.  Africans were allowed for the first time to grow cash crops.
8. Africans were didived into loyalists and mau mau supporters/ mistrust & suspicion 

Swynnerton Plan

Recommendations of the Swynnerton Plan of 1954

1. The survey and enclosure of African land in high potential areas.
2. The processing of title deeds and giving out title deeds to the owners. Only progressive African farmers would get title deeds and benefit from the land reforms.
3. A few Africans were allowed to practice new agricultural methods and obtain credit as well as title deeds.
4. A few African s were allowed to practice individual land ownership.

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5. A few progressive African farmers were allowed to grow cash crops.

Give two benefits of Swynnerton Plan of 1954 to Africans in Kenya 2mks

1. Land consolidation to Kenyans
2. Issuance of title deeds
3. Africans were allowed to grow cash crops .
4. Africans could now get loans for self-improvement using land as security.

State one importance of the swynnerton plan of 1954 to Kenyan farmers during the colonial period.

1. The right to liberty
2. The right to movement

What are the ways in which the swynnerton plan affected African farmers during the colonial period

1. Issuance of land
2. Issuance of title deeds
3. issuance of financial credits
4. Farmers were allowed to grow cash crops

Political Developments And The Struggle For Independence In Kenya (1919 -1963)