history topical past papers online for kcse knec

Explain six factors which undermined the application of the French policy of assimilation in west Africa

15/6/2021

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Opposition by the local people who did not want the French to interfere with their culture
traditional African rulers never wanted to lose their authority and influence over their people
The Islam converters resisted the French attempt to convert people to Christianity
The African land tenure system was different from that of the French
Opposition from the French traders in West Africa who saw assimilated Africans as a threat to their commercial monopoly
French government found it expensive to implement as it required building many schools and employing many teachers
It threatened the existence of the French empire
It was opposed by the French imperialists
French people feared to be out numbered in the chamber of deputies (parliament)by African representatives
Vastness of French colonies made it hard to supervise the implementation of the policy

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Name three communities in Senegal where the French system of administration was successfully applied

15/6/2021

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Rufisque
Dakar
St Louis
Goree

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Discuss six reasons for the defeat of Samori Toure by the French in 1898

28/5/2020

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Discuss six reasons for the defeat of Samori Toure by the French in 1898

Constant movement of the people/army denied them opportunities to carry out economic activities leading to Inadequate supply of necessary items/food.
Lack of Support from other African rulers e.g. Ahamed Seku of Tukolor empire,Tieba of Sikasso demoralized him.
Samori's second empire was difficult to defend as it was exposed to attacks from all sides/the British /the French.
The scorched earth policy that he adopted lacked support from civilians who resisted against him.
His inability to appease the conquered areas /people denied him the needed support.
The British policy of non-interference denied him their support - against the French.
The besieging of his capital by the French forced him to surrender/his blockage from retreating to Liberia.

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State three terms of the Berlin conference

28/5/2020

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State three terms of the Berlin conference

Any European country laying claim on any part of Africa should inform others
Those countries who signed the agreement declared their area of occupation/spheres of influence.
The interior of the coast area claimed by a European power becomes its sphere of influence.
That each European country must effectively occupy their area of occupation/sphere of influence
European countries that acquire colonies in Africa must abolish slave trade
River Congo, River Niger and Zambezi basins were free for all European countries to navigate.
European countries should demonstrate their authority to protect the European in the area of occupation.

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Explain six challenges which South Africa has faced in the process of industrialization

28/5/2020

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Explain six challenges which South Africa has faced in the process of industrialization

The imposition of economic sections which preserved her from trading with other countries
The long period of apartheid created an unconducive environment for industrialization
Competition from more developed countries such as western European countries whose manufactured goods were of better quality than ones from South Africa.
Industrial strikes/demonstrations/boycotts which were organized by trade unions led to low purchasing power.
Violence/xenophobia/aggression against foreigners has discouraged foreign investors/chased away the would be foreign investors
High levels of poverty which created inadequate market for manufactured goods due to low purchasing power.
HIV/AIDS has affected the working force in industries thereby undermining industrial production.
High incidences of insecurity/criminal activities in South Africa which has been caused by unemployment.

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Outline three effects of scientific invention on medicine

28/5/2020

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Outline three effects of scientific invention on medicine

It has led to the discovery of preventative/curative medicine
It has led to rise of living standards/life expectancy
It has led to increase in population/reduction of mortality rates
It has led to production of advanced medical equipment
It has led to manufacture of variety of drugs
It has created job opportunities.

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Discuss six factors which led to the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade

28/5/2020

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Discuss six factors which led to the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade

The introduction of machines/industrialization which replaced human Labour Leading to decline of demand for slaves.
Slave labour was perceived by economists to be less profitable/less productive compared to free labour.
The campaign against slave trade/slavery by philanthropists/missionaries who declared it evil/inhuman/against religious teaching.
The closure of slave market in America after the American Civil War of 1865 left slave dealers with no market for their slaves.
Propagation of liberty/equality for all human beings following the French revolution which encouraged fair treatment of all people irrespective of their racial background.
The development of legitimate trade which was more profitable aid replaced slave trade.
The signing of treaties abolishing slave trade /slavery by Britain influenced other countries to adopt the same.

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Outline three advantages of using Barter system of trade

28/5/2020

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Outline three advantages of using Barter system of trade

Some trade items are bulky/ heavy to transport
Some goods are not divisible.
Sometimes traders lack double coincidence of wants.
It is difficult to determine the value of some goods.
Some goods are perishable/last for a short period

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Discuss five solutions to food shortage in the African countries.

28/5/2020

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Discuss five solutions to food shortage in the African countries.

Reclaiming more land would increase the area for farming thereby producing more food.
Adopting irrigation which would ensure food production throughout the year.
Government should formulate/adopt food policies which would give strategies of achieving food security in the Countries.
Encouraging farmers to grow food crops that are drought resistant,require little rain tall.
Farm inputs/seeds/fertilizer/pesticides should be highly subsidized in order to make them affordable to the farmers.
Storage facilities should be improved to minimize loss/wastage before and after the harvest.
Modern/scientific farming methods such as artificial insemination should be practiced in order to improve agricultural yields.
Transport infrastructure should be improved/constructed for efficient movement of farm inputs/produce to and from markets.
Encouraging agro-forestry which would ensure food production alongside forestry.

1 Comment

State five effects of early agriculture in Mesopotamia

28/5/2020

3 Comments

State five effects of early agriculture in Mesopotamia

3 Comments

Discuss six contributions of Prof. Wangari Maathai in the politics of Kenya.

28/5/2020

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Discuss six contributions of Prof. Wangari Maathai in the politics of Kenya.

She founded the Green Belt Movement which advanced environment and political activism in the country.
She served as the vice-chair and later as the chair of the National Council of Women of Kenya which encouraged the participation of women in political affairs.
Together with other pro-multiparty democracy activists, she campaigned for the need to have political pluralism in Kenya.
Together with other activists, she participated in hunger strike in Freedom Corner/Uhuru Park to put pressure on the government to release political prisoners.
She was an elected Member of Parliament for Tetu Constituency on a NARC ticket where she represented her people.
She was an assistant minister for Environment arid Natural Resources under the NARC government,a forum she used to improve the country’s environment.
She founded the Mazingira Green Party to allow the candidates to run on a platform for environmental conservation.

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Identify three political organizations that Ronald Ngala worked with in his political career.

28/5/2020

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Identify three political organizations that Ronald Ngala worked with in his political career.

Coast African Association.
Kilifi African People's Union.
Kenya African Democratic Union.
Mombasa African Democratic Union.
Kenya African National Union

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Explain six ways in which the construction of the Uganda Railway promoted economic development in Kenya.

28/5/2020

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Explain six ways in which the construction of the Uganda Railway promoted economic development in Kenya.

It provided of goods and services to and from the market.
It enhanced the movement of labour/workers there by enabling them to access their work places.
There was development of towns/trading centers/duka wallas developed along the railway which generated revenue to the government.
It created job opportunities to many people who were employed to Man/maintain it
It opened up agricultural potential areas where both settler and Africans started farming activities.
Minerals were exploited as there was access to the mines and transport of the products.
Agriculture-related industries were established to mainly process agricultural raw materials.
It promoted local trade as goods could be transported to areas where there was demand.
It generated revenue for the government through charges levied on goods/people transported,

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Outline three reasons why African reserves were created in Kenya during the colonial period.

28/5/2020

3 Comments

Outline three reasons why African reserves were created in Kenya during the colonial period.

In order to check/control the movement of Africans,
In order to create room/land for settler farming.
To create a pool of African labour force.
To check/reduce curtail/slow down the spread of nationalist ideas.
It was a divide and rule tactic.
For easier provision of social amenities to the Africans.

3 Comments

Explain six results of the collaboration between Lemma and the British

28/5/2020

1 Comment

Explain six results of the collaboration between Lemma and the British.

The Maasai were evicted/displaced from some of their lands which was given to the settlers.
The Maasai lost their independence, hence colonized by the British.
Lenana was given the position of Paramount Chief by the British in order to please him.
Maasai warriors were employed mercenaries and were used to suppress/bring other communities under colonial rule.
The Maasai were rewarded with livestock which was confiscated from resisting communities.
Lenana was helped to fight his brother Sendeyo whom he forced together with his followers to move to northern Tanzania.
Through Maasai agreements of 1904 and 1911, they were divided into Laikipia and Ngong reserves.
The Uganda railway was constructed through Maasailand which enhanced colonial/British administration.

1 Comment

Give three reasons why the British used direct rule in Kenya.

28/5/2020

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Give three reasons why the British used direct rule in Kenya.

Most of the communities were stateless/did not have elaborate traditional governments.
They wanted to establish full control of the people.
It had been used successfully elsewhere.
They had enough personnel/administrators
Some communities were resisting.
Most of the communities had been weakened by civil wars/famines.

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Explain six effects of the Indian Ocean trade on the East African Coastal inhabitant before 1500 AD.

28/5/2020

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Explain six effects of the Indian Ocean trade on the East African Coastal inhabitant before 1500 AD.

It led to the development/growth of the city states/towns along the coast like Mombasa which were rich/ famous.
Many foreigners settled in the East African Coast thereby increasing the population in the region.
Islamic code of law/sharia was introduced which was used to govern the coastal city states/people.
Islamic religion widely spread in the region as many people were converted into it.
Arabic/Persian architecture was introduced which was reflected in thedesigns of houses/mosques built in the region.
Islamic education was introduced where Islamic schools/madrassa were constructed.
There was intermarriage(s) between the early visitors and the coastal inhabitants resulting with the new breed of people called Waswahili.
Kiswahili language emerged ,which was a combination of Bantu and Arabic languages.
There was introduction of new crops like rice/cloves/millet/fruits which became staple foods for the coastal people.
Islamic dressing styles were introduce where wore long robes (kanzus) and women wore veils (buibui).

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Outline three factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the East African Coast before 1500 AD.

28/5/2020

1 Comment

Outline three factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the East African Coast before 1500 AD.

The accessibility of the East African Coast from the sea/ocean.
The development of marine technology/existence of marines.
The existence of monsoon winds.
The technology/knowledge of boat making.

1 Comment

Explain five challenges which were experienced in the implementation of the Assimilation Policy in Senegal.

28/5/2020

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Explain five challenges which were experienced in the implementation of the Assimilation Policy in Senegal.

It conflicted with the general objective of colonization.
It required social amenities/schools which were expensive to start.
It was resisted/rejected by the traditional African rulers since it threatened/undermined their positions/rule.
It was opposed by the Frenchmen back at home/France since it elevated the assimilated to the French status.
The Muslims refused to be converted into Christianity thereby posing a challenge.
The French citizens feared that the assimilated people would outnumber them in the French Chamber of Deputies.
Racial discrimination by the French against the assimilated people whom they refused to acknowledge/accept them as equals.
The Africans were deeply rooted in their culture hence making it difficult to forsake them.
There was communication barrier as there was no common language between the Africans and the British.

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State five factors which influenced the British to use indirect rule in Northern Nigeria.

28/5/2020

1 Comment

State five factors which influenced the British to use indirect rule in Northern Nigeria.

It was cheap/cost-effective method of administration.
The existence of an elaborate system of government/administration/Shona/Islam.
They did not want to stir up African resistance.
The system had succeeded in other parts of the world/lndia/Uganda.
The British lacked enough personnel to administer the vast territory.
Poor transport/communication infrastructure.

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Describe five challenges experienced in the City of Johannesburg.

28/5/2020

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Describe five challenges experienced in the City of Johannesburg.

There exists a huge gap between the wealthy Europeans and the poor/Africans.
High unemployment rate among the people led to a rise in criminal activities.
High rate of infection of HIV/AIDS pandemic has increased the cost of treatment/loss of lives.
There is air/land/water pollution caused by emission of poisonous gases from the industries.
There is inadequate housing which has led to the development of slums/shanties.
There is discrimination where Africans are mistreated/despised in work places/mines.
It experiences industrial unrest/strikes by the industrial workers.
There are inadequate social amenities due to high population.
Traffic jams are rampant due to many vehicles on the road.
Congestion due to rural-urban migration.

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State five functions of the ancient city of Athens.

28/5/2020

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State five functions of the ancient city of Athens.

It was an educational center.
It was a center of sports.
It was a religious center.
It was a recreation center/provided entertainment/music.
It was a cultural/theatre/arts center.
It was a trading/commercial center.
It was a transport/communication center.
It was an administrative center.

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Describe five factors which have influenced industrialization in India.

28/5/2020

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Describe five factors which have influenced industrialization in India.

The existence of cottage/textile/leather industries/smelting created a firm foundation for industrial take-off.
Development of efficient transport and communication infrastructure has eased the movement of goods/services.
The introduction of banking/insurance industry which availed capital/loans/credit facilities/security/domestic borrowing.
The provision of technical /scientific education which has produced experts/skilled labour force in different fields.
vailability of different sources of energy/electricity/oil/gas which are used in industries.
Availability of raw materials/mineral deposits which were used in the industries.
The formulation of sound national development plans which gave priority to industrialization /agricultural production.
Existence of political stability/peace which has boosted the confidence of both local/international investors.
A large population in India which has created a market for industrial local goods.
Availability of semi-skilled! unskilled labour from the huge population supplied the personnel required in the industries.
Protective tariffs were imposed to enable local industries to grow.
Availability of funds /loans/grants from foreign governments provided the capital for development of industries.

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Highlight five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

28/5/2020

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Highlight five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

It resulted with the discovery/manufacture of preventive/curative drugs.
It has led to the development of vaccines.
It has prolonged life/increased life expectancy.
It has led to the production of advanced medical equipment.
It has led to the decrease in mortality rate.
It has led to improved health/wellbeing of life.
It has created job opportunities.
Overdependence on drugs /weakened immunity/drug abuse.
It has led to increased immorality due to use of contraceptives.
Transplant of body parts is possible now.

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Discuss five effects of the Agrarian Revolution in the United States of America.

28/5/2020

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Discuss five effects of the Agrarian Revolution in the United States of America.

The invention of new farm machines enabled farmers to put more land under cultivation.
It enhanced agricultural research/scientific inventions which resulted into better crop inventions which resulted into better crop varieties/animal breeds.
There was improved transport infrastructure which speeded up the movement of farm produce.
The use of machines on farms replaced human labour.
There was an increase in food production which stimulated population growth.
It led to the expansion of agricultural related industries which processed/packaged/preserved farm produce.
Increased food production led to expansion of trading activities.
Use of fertilizers/hybrid seeds increased food production.
It led to the expansion of urbanization.
Many parts of the U.S.A were open up for farming/settlement.

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<<Previous

Discuss six reasons for the defeat of Samori Toure by the French in 1898

State three terms of the Berlin conference

Explain six challenges which South Africa has faced in the process of industrialization

Outline three effects of scientific invention on medicine

Discuss six factors which led to the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade

Outline three advantages of using Barter system of trade

Discuss five solutions to food shortage in the African countries.

State five effects of early agriculture in Mesopotamia

Discuss six contributions of Prof. Wangari Maathai in the politics of Kenya.

Identify three political organizations that Ronald Ngala worked with in his political career.

Explain six ways in which the construction of the Uganda Railway promoted economic development in Kenya.

Outline three reasons why African reserves were created in Kenya during the colonial period.

Explain six results of the collaboration between Lemma and the British.

Give three reasons why the British used direct rule in Kenya.

Explain six effects of the Indian Ocean trade on the East African Coastal inhabitant before 1500 AD.

Outline three factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the East African Coast before 1500 AD.

Explain five challenges which were experienced in the implementation of the Assimilation Policy in Senegal.

State five factors which influenced the British to use indirect rule in Northern Nigeria.

Describe five challenges experienced in the City of Johannesburg.

State five functions of the ancient city of Athens.

Describe five factors which have influenced industrialization in India.

Highlight five effects of scientific inventions on medicine.

Discuss five effects of the Agrarian Revolution in the United States of America.

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