FREE KCSE QUESTIONS ON WORLD WARS TOPIC AND MARKING SCHEMES

[1991 Q26.(a)]

(a) State five causes of the Second World War

• The ascending to power of Adolf Hitler and his determination to restore Germany's lost glory led to war as he invaded other countries/Hitler's invasion of Poland
• The inability of the league of Nations to implement its resolution and punish those who violated them encouraged the aggressors to pursue their ambitions (objectives) and this intensified tension in the world/failure of the League of Nation
• The unfavorable conditions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles humiliated and madder her nurse a grudge against the allied powers
• The policy of appeasement practiced by Britain and France encouraged the fascist dictators to
• Growth of nationalism made countries inward looking and therefore were reluctant to participate in international issues
• Rearmament and rise of dictatorship e.g. Mussolini and Hitler

[1991 Q26.(b)]

(b) Explain five effects of the Second World War on Europe

• ​The war led to the loss of many human lives. Many of the survivors were maimed.
• The war was costly/and this slowed down the rate of economic development/economic problems
• It led to the destruction of property such as industries and buildings through bombing
• Germany was occupied and dismembered by the Allied Forces
• The balance of power in Europe was changed with the emeigence of the USSR and USA as new powers
• Communist governments were established in many parts of Eastern European through the influence of the USSR
• The war increased USA's involvement in European affairs/NATO/Marshall plan
• The war stimulated the development of the military technology and industry/making sophisticated weapons
• It led to displacement of people who became refugees
• European countries became more committed to the idea of maintaining peace in the world/formation of UNO
• The war left bitter feelings and mistrust among the countries which fought

The expansion of the USSR in Eastern Europe and USA's determination to check it led to the cold war         

[1997 Q14]

What event prompted the United States of America (USA) to join the First World War in 1917?

• Germany’s declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare/ sinking of the U.S.A ships

[1998 Q16]

Give two reasons why the Central Powers were defeated in the first World War

• The allied forces had adequate supply of human resources for the war from the members against 4 for the Central powers.
• The allied forces had abundant wealth with which to finance the war
• The initial defeat of German led to mutinies in the Germany army.  It also make other members of the Central Powers to surrender.

[1999 Q16]

State one problem which faced the League of Nations

• Inability to settle disputes between members states​
• Lack of military strength with which to implement its objectives
• Lack  of adequate funds
• Nationalist ambitions of member countries/ re- armament
• Lack of support and  commitment by major power  e.g. U.S.A

[2000 Q14]

State two economic challenges which Tanzania has faced since independence

• Poor transport and communication  network
• Inadequate resources
• Inadequate capital/ funds
• High inflation rates
• Trade imbalance
• Nationalization of key factors of production
• Food shortages due to prolonged drought and inadequate commitment to Farming
• Increasing external debts
• Collapse of E.A.C
• Costly war with Uganda in 1978 – 79

[2001 Q11,24]

(11) Identify two factors that undermined the effectiveness of the League of Nations

• Countries refused to take disputes to the international court of justice
• Germany’s aggression/Germany’s determination to strengthen its armed forces.
• Harsh conditions against German after the defeat/treaty
• National interests that pre-occupied individual nations.
• It lacked executive power and authority to implement its resolution
• Refusal by the USA to join denied the organization economic strength
• Some members left the league by Brazil, Japan
• Shortage of funds to implements it financial
• The appeasement policy of Britain & France
• The covenant of League did not forbid it
• The league was dominated by the action of 1st world war hence its partiality.

[2001 Q 11, 24]

24. (a) Why was the United States of America (USA) reluctant to join the First World war during the initial stage?

• Desire to abide by terms of Monroe Doctrine of 1823 which forbid her from interfering in European affairs.
• Fear of revolt by her citizens of German origin.
• Fear of an outbreak of civil war between Americans of German descent and those of other European nationalities.
• The war had not interfered with the USA’s interests until 1916.

[2001 Q 11, 24]

24. (b) Describe the results of the Second World War

• Loss of life
  It is estimated that 30 million people died either in battle or as civilians through bombing.
• The atomic bombs which were used against Japan released radio-active substances which affected the lives of many-people.
• Permanent ill health and shortening of life for millions of people as a result of years of under-nourishment of captivity.
• Destruction of properties such as homes, houses, building and bridges.
• Agriculture and industry were disrupted due to lack of equipment, raw materials and human resources.
• Psychological and emotional problems to families, individuals and nations as a result of the torture of the war.
• Economies of countries that were involved in the war were destroyed leading to depression/economic slump/huge sums of money were spent on the war.
• External trade almost came to a stand still due to fear and insecurity.
• There  was a high inflation rate which led to high cost of living.
• Large numbers of peoples were displaced which led to great suffering/repair
• The pre-war balance of power was destroyed and power vacuum was filled by two new super powers, the USA and USSR
• The communist zone extended to cover half of the continent of Europe. This Europe down the middle.
• To check the spread of communism in Europe, the USA assisted weakened European powers through the Marshal plan.
• The division of Europe into two opposing blues led to the cold war which was followed by an arms race between USA and USSR.
• The failure of the League of Nations to maintain world peace led to the founding of the United Nations Organization.
• Germany was divided into two, capitalist West Germany and communist East Germany. The city of Berlin was also divided between the East and the West.
• The myth of European military superiority was destroyed due to the defeat of British and American forces in the Far East by the Japanese.
• Participation of Africans in the War strengthened African nationalism
• Creation of state of Israel to settle the displaced Jews.
• The war created unemployment because the demoralized servicemen increased demand for jobs.

[2002 Q14, 15]

(14) Give the main reason why the League of Nations was formed in 1919

​To prevent the occurrences of another world war/to maintain world peace

[2002 Q14, 15]

(15) State the main cause of the cold war

​Ideological differences between the USA and USSR/Division of the world into two opposing blocs, capitalist and communist

[2002 Q23]

(a) Describe three factors that enabled the allied powers to win the second World War

• Germany’s inability to effectively control her expansive territories and some turned against her and fought along the Allies.
• The USSR recovered from her losses rearmed and attacked Germany.
• The allies had more supporters than the Axis powers who remained four i.e. German, Bulgaria, Austria and Turkey.
• U.S.A’s entry into the war on the side of Allies attack of Pearl Harbour.
• Germany’s forces were overstretched by fighting war in many fronts.
• Allied forces had better arms than the Axis powers e.g. Atomic bombs.
• A chief forces controlled N sea 4 blocked Germany.

[2002 Q23]

(b) Explain the results of the Second World War

• Many lives were lost. It is estimated that over 30 million people died during the war.
• The bombs that were dropped on Japan released radio-active substances which affected the lives of many long after the war was over.
• Civilian casualties were mainly through bombings. Millions of other people were maimed/injured.
• Properties of unknown value were destroyed. This adversely affected the economics of most countries.
• Agriculture and industry were disrupted due to lack of equipment, raw materials and human resources.
• Trade, both internal and external was disrupted.
• There was inadequate shelter food and clothing of many of the homeless and displaced people e.g. the jews.
• The pre-war 1939 balance of power was destroyed as the tow new super powers, the USA and the USSR  emerged;
• It led to the spread of communication in Europe.
• The USA gave assistance to the weakened western powers to prevent them from mailing into communist hands. This assistance was in form of the marshal plan in which about US $ 7,000 Million was used.
• The division of Europe into two opposing blocks led to the cold war which was accompanied by an arms peace.
• It led to the establishment of the UN in place of the league of nations which had failed to maintain peace.
• German and its capital Berlin were divided into two capitalistic west and communist east.
• The war destroyed the myth of European military superiority. This strengthened nationalism in other parts of the war.
• Was created bitter feelings & mistrust among the countries that fought in the war.
• Led to widespread unemployment
• Led to improvement of military technology.
• The war was costly / Economic depression – huge sums of money was spent.
• Creation of state of the settle the Jews.

[2003 Q15, 16]

15. State two ways in which the treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 affected Germany

• It reduced the size of Germany/reduction 12.5%
• Germany was forbidden from uniting with Austria
• Germany lost her colonies in Africa and other territories in Europe
• The size of Germany’s military strength was restricted
• Germany was forced to pay war damages

[2003 Q15, 16]

16. Identify one leader who was a founder member of the non-aligned movement

• Broz Tito of Yugoslavia
• Gamal Adbal Nasser of Egypt
• Jawaharlal Pandit Nehru-premier India
• Dr. Ahmed Surkano-premier Indonesia
• Chuo En-lai of China-P.M. China

FREE KCSE QUESTIONS ON WORLD WARS TOPIC AND MARKING SCHEMES

[2004 Q16]

Give one factor that led to the end of the cold war

• The coming to power of Mikhail Gorbachev as head of the Soviet Union/Liberal
• Gorbachev’s policy of restructuring and openness/perestroika & Glashost.
• The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and USSR.
• American diplomatic effort to foster friendly co-existence with USSR.

[2004 Q23]

(a) What were the causes of the first World War (1914 – 1918)

• The system of alliances encouraged European countries to be more aggressive
• The defeat of France by Germany in the Franco-Russian War made France to look for n excuse to go to war/France wanted to revenge against Germany.
• The arms race in Europe encouraged Countries to be more aggressive.
• The disagreements between Britain, France and Germany over Morocco created tension/Moroccan crisis.
• Nationalism in the Balkans fueled the already existing political rivalry in European/Many European powers quarreled because support for different Nationalities which wanted independence from turkey.
• Dissatisfaction during the sharing of colonies at the Berlin Conference created distrust among the European powers/Europeans imperialism
• The assassination by Garlilo Principal of the Austro-Hungarian heir Frencz Ferdinand at Sarajevo sparked the war.

[2004 Q23]

(b) Discuss the results of the First World War (1914 – 1918)

• Many people were killed during the war
• Property of great value was destroyed during the course of the war
• Economic activities were disrupted/Economic depression
• Large sums of money was used in the war effort weakened European Economics.
• The League of Nations was formed to promote peace over by the League of Nations.
• German’s overseas colonies and investments were taken over by the League of Nations
• The size of Germany was reduced by 1/8 Alsace, Loraine, Danzing, Sarar and her population by 6.5 million.
• Many people were displaced leading to refugee problems
• The political boundary of the Turkish Empire was reduced/ t lost Egypt, Syria and Palestine.
• New Nations were created e.g Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia.
• The USA emerged as a leading world power
• It led to the development of advanced military equipment
• It led to the rise of nationalistic feelings among Africans who fought the war
• It boosted advancement of surgery
• Soldiers contracted and spread diseases
• Germany and her allies were forced to pay for damages 6.5 b/136T Deutsche Mark Led to mass starvation

[2005 Q23]

(a) What were the results of the bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan in 1945

• Many people lost their lives
• Property of great value was destroyed
• The radio active elements caused many diseases
• Many people were maimed
• There was economic decline
• Many People suffered psychologically
• Japan surrendered unconditionally

[2005 Q23]

(b) Explain six factors which contributed to the rise of Japan as an industrial power after the second world war

• The government made education compulsory and encouraged research leading  to innovative ideas
• People were encouraged to study abroad leading to technological advancement
• There was financial support for industrialization
• The availability of raw materials for industrialization from in and outside Japan
• The culture of hard work encouraged local and foreign investment
• The Government policies encouraged local and foreign investment
• The cheap and skillfully made products attracted market locally and abroad
• The topography was unsuitable for agriculture. This made Japan to develop other sectors thus diversifying the economy
• The development of hydro- electric power provided energy for industrialization
• The Prevailing peace promoted development
• The improvement in transport accelerated the process of industrialization

[2006 Q14]

Give the main reason for the failure of the League of Nations

​The rearmament of Germany

[2007 Q13]

Identify the immediate cause of the First World War

​Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife in Sarjevo

[2007 Q22]

(a) Identify three terms of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919

• German to surrender some of other territories in European e.g. Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France.

• German to surrender all her colonies.
• German to pay £6.6 million to the allies as reparation money.
• The city of Danzing to be a free city under the league.
• German was restricted to an army of 100,000 men and it’s equipment were limited.

[2007 Q22]

(b) Give six reasons why the Central Powers were defeated in the First World War

• ​The allied powers had more states supporting them.
• Allies had more financial and industrial resources.
• Allied powers controlled the North sea and Atlantic Ocean and blockaded the central powers.
• The invasion of neutral Belgium by Germany made the world to turn against the central powers.
• The entry of USA into the war helped to defeat the central powers.
• The central powers were located in the central part of Europe and were surrounded by enemies from every side.
• Multines in German army weakened the Germany resistance.
• The failure of the schlieffen plan
• Good political leadership among the allied powers.

[2008 Q14]

State two economic results of the second World War

• It ended economic domination of the world by European countries.
• There was massive destruction of properties.
• It enacted unemployment.
• It slowed down economic development of most countries/led to economic depression.
• It led to developments in engineering.

[2008 Q21]

a) Give two achievements of the League of Nations between 1919 and 1939

• It promoted health services/established International health Organisation
• It championed for the welfare of the workers/established the International labour Organisation.
• It provided relief to refugees/war casualties/areas hit by famine
• It settled disputes between different European countries
• It supervised mandated territories
• It organized disarmament conferences in Europe
• It helped to reduce trade in dangerous drugs
• It helped in econ. Reconstruction of European countries, Australia

[2008 Q21]

b) Why did the League of Nations fail to maintain World peace

• some European nations opposed the peace Treaty of Versailles because it favoured the allied nations that had fought against Germany
• The United States of America did not support the league because it did not want to get involved in European affairs/The Monroe Doctrine.
• The membership of the organization was not all that inclusive.  Some countries were left out while others were not given a chance to join
• The league /conference of ambassadors violated the objective of maintaining world peace by supporting some nation’s claims against others
• Most members were concerned with their sovereignty as opposed to the interests of the League of Nations
• Some members of the league adopted the policy of appeasement towards certain regimes in order to avoid confrontation thus weakening it.
• Shortage of funds made it difficult for League to implement its programmes
• The league lacked its own army to implement its decisions where peace was threatened.  It depended on the goodwill of the members who at times were not reliable.
• The search for colonies diverted the members attention from the activities of then League of Nations
• The rise of Dictatorship regimes in Europe weakened the League as these dictators refused to accept its resolutions.
• The Economic depression of 1929 weakened most of the world economies hence they were not able to support the League financially.

[2009 Q15]

Identify one super power that was involved in the cold war

• United States  of America ( USA)
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republic ( USSR)

[2009 Q22]

(a) List three European countries that formed the triple alliance before the out break of the second world war

• Germany
• Austria – Hungary
• Italy
• Romania

[2009 Q22]

(b) Describe six functions of the general Assembly of United Nations (U.N)

• The general Assembly liaises with the Security Council in making recommendations on maintenance of peace and security
• Discusses issues relating to international peace and security.
• It elects jointly with the Security Council, the judges of the international court of Justice/ appoints the secretary/ general
• It receives/ acts on report from Security Council and other U.N organs
• It approves U.N budget/ apportions the amounts of construction to be paid by each member state.
• It elects non- permanent member of the security/ Economic/ Social fields
• It promotes the development / codification of the international law
• It facilitates the realization of human fundamental freedoms
• It promotes higher/ better standards of living among nations.

[2010 Q13]

Identify two economic results of the First World War

• ​European governments spent huge sums of money.
• There was massive destruction of property.
• It led to economic depression/employment/starvation/unemployment

[2010 Q23]

a) State the role played by United State of America in ending the Second World War

• The U.S.A provided modern military equipment to the allied forces.
• She gave financial support to the allied forces.
• She provided military personnel to the allied powers.
• U.S.A blockaded the Panama Canal against the central powers.
• She dropped atomic bombs at Horishoma and Nagasaki which forced Japan to surrender.

[2010 Q23]

b) Explain six causes of the Cold War after 1945

• ​The disagreements between the Soviet Union and the United States of America over reduction of arms led to arms race.
• The occupation of Eastern Europe by Soviet Union caused fear among U.S.A and its allies in Western Europe/Iron curtain policy by the USSR.
• The ideological differences pursued by the U.S.A and U.S.S.R created mistrust/suspicion among them leading to hostility.
• The domination of United Nations by United States of America and her allies was checked by U.S.S.R through the use of her veto power thus increasing the tension.
• The involvement of both United States of America and U.S.S.R in European conflicts in the late 1940s created tension among them.
• America’s Marshal plan to revive European economies after the war made U.S.S.R to counteract by arming a similar one/comical thus enhancing tension.
• Formation of military alliances/N.A.T.O by United States of America and her allies led to U.S.S.R and her allies to form a similar alliance/Warsaw pact thus intensifying the rivalry.
• Construction of the Berlin wall by U.S.S.R in Germany to block Western after the Second World War.

[2011 Q12]

Give the main reason for the formation of the League of Nations in 1919

​To promote/ sustain world peace / security

[2012 Q12 P2]

State one way in which the rise of dictators in Europe contribute to the outbreak of the Second World War

• They overthrew democratic governments
• They rearmed themselves
• They engaged in acts of aggression/attacked other countries

[2013 Q13 P2]

Identify two roles played by ex-war soldiers in the growth of African nationalism after 1945

1. ​They applied military skills/tactics acquired to fight colonialism;
2. They trained African Nationalists in military fighting skills;
3. They joined/formed Nationalist movement;
4. They organised/mobilised African Nationalists:
5. They made/serviced the weapons used by the Nationalists.

[2013 Q14 P2]

Highlight one way in which economic rivalries between European powers contributed to the outbreak of the first world war

1. ​Competition for overseas market caused tension/friction;
2. Competition for sources of raw materials/colonies fuelled tension:
3. Tariff wars among them created tension / suspicion.
4. Competition for surplus capital.

[2013 Q15 P2]

Give the main incident which made Japan to surrender unconditionally to the allied powers in 1945

The dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.

[2013 Q16 P2]

State two factors which promote economic relations between nations

1. ​Loans given to other nations;
2. Offering grants/aid to other nations:
3. Trading activities between nations:
4. Investments in foreign nations;
5. Debt relief to other nations.

[2013 Q17 P2]

State two ways in which Non-Aligned members safeguard their national security

1. By keeping off from conflicts of non-member countries:
2. By maintaining their sovereignty/independence:
3. By maintaining their economic independence:
4. By not identifying with either Communism or Capitalism:
5. By taking independent decisions/actions in international fora:
6. By maintaining their cultural identity.
7. By not joining military alliances.

[2014 Q16 P2]

Name the country that was blamed for the outbreak of the First World War

​Germany

[2014 Q17 P2]

Give the main reason why the United States of America adopted the Marshall plan after the Second World War

​In order to influence many countries adopt capitalist ideology/economic recovery in Europe

[2015 Q23(a) P2]

Give three reasons why the United States of America did not join the First World War until 1917

• The Monroe doctrine prohibited USA involvement
• She had commercial/trade relations with both alliances
• The war had not interfered with her interests before 1917
• Fear of revolt by her citizens of German descent/stirring a civil war in the country

[2015 Q23(b) P2]

Explain six effects of the First World War

1. It led to massive loss of human life as conflict between opposing camps continued.
2. There was massive destruction of property/infrastructure thereby causing a lot of suffering/poverty/loss of livelihood.
3. It led to the displacement of people thereby creating refugees/homeless people.
4. It led to use of huge sums of money thereby weakening the economies of the countries involved/buying weapons/recruitment and & maintenance of soliers/building of roads and bridges for transportation of troops.
5. It led to food shortages as people joined the war.
6. It created insecurity/fear, animosity/suspicions among people increased.
7. USA emerged as the leading world power thereby upsetting the existing balance of power in the world.
8. It led to emergence of new nations eg. Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czachoslovakia, Poland, states as some former states disintegrated.
9. It led to formation of the League of Nations to maintain world peace.
10. It led to the rise of nationalization in Africa and Asia.
11. It led to spread of diseases such as STD’s and pneumonia/Spanish influenza.
12. It led to advancement of surgery and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.
13. It led to development of transport cg. aircraft and motor vehicles.
14. It led to the promotion of the status of women in Europe and USA.
15. Economic activities were disrupted/economic depression e.g.. farming industry, trade.
16. Germany’s overseas colonies and investment were taken over by the League.
17. The size of Germany was reduced by an eight  and her population by 6.4 million.
18. The political boundary of the Turkish Empire was reduced/Turkey lost Egypt, Syria, Palestine.
19. Germany and her allies were made to pay her war damages amount 6.5 billion pounds or 136 billions marks.
20. Germany was to reduce her army to I 00,000 men/airforce disband.

[2016 Q16 P2]

Identify the country that was blamed for the outbreak of the First World War

Germany

[2016 Q17 P2]

Mention two ways in which Non-Aligned members safeguarded their National Security

1. By keeping off from conflicts of non-member countries
2. By maintaining their sovereignty/independence
3. By maintaining their economic independence
4. By not identifying with either Communism or Capitalism
5. By taking independent decisions/actions in international fora
6. By maintaining their cultural identity
7. By not joining trade alliances

[2016 Q23(a) P2]

Highlight the role played by the United States of America (USA) in ending the second World War

• The U.S.A provided modem military equipment to the allied forces.
• She gave financial support to the allied forces.
• She provided military personnel to the allied powers.
• U.S.A blockaded the Panama Canal against the central powers.
• She dropped atomic bombs at Horishoma and Nagasaki which forced Japan to surrender.

[2016 Q23(b) P2]

Describe six causes of the cold war after 1945

• The disagreements between the Soviet Union and the United  States of America over reduction of arms led to arms race.
• The occupation of Eastern Europe by Soviet Union caused fear among U. S.A and its allies in Western Europe/Iron curtain policy by the USSR.
• The ideological differences pursued by the U.S.A and U.S.S.R created mistrust/suspicion among them leading to hostility.
• The domination of the United Nations by the United States of America and her allies was checked by U.S.S.R through the use of her veto power thus increasing the tension.
• The involvement of both United States of America and U.S.S.R in European conflicts in the late 1 940s created tension among them.
• America’s Marshal Plan to revive European economies after the war made U.S.S.R to counteract by forming a similar one/ COMECON thus enhancing tension.
• Formation of military alliances/N.A.T.O by United States of America and her allies led to U.S.S.R and her allies to form a similar alliance/ Warsaw pact thus intensifying the rivalry.
• Construction of the Berlin wall by U.S.S.R in Germany to block Westerners after the Second World War

[2017 Q13 P2]

Two nations which belonged to the Triple Entente during the First World War

• Britain.
• Russia.
• Japan.
• France.
• Montenegro.
• Serbia.
• Belgium.

[2017 Q22.(a) P2]

Three political causes of the First World War

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
• Arms race.
• Formation of alliances.
• Development of nationalism.
• Desire for revenge.
• Rivalry over colonial possession.
• The Moroccan crisis.
• The halo-Turkish dispute over Libya.
• The Balkan crisis/wars.

[2017 Q22.(b) P2]

Six effects of Second World War

• Many people both soldiers and civilians lost their lives during the war.
• It led to widespread suffering/misery as many people were displaced when their homes were destroyed.
• It led to rise of debts as countries involved borrowed a lot of money to finance the war/ economic depression/ economic slump.
• Property was destroyed as bombs were used thereby impoverishing the people.
• It led to emergence of USA and USSR as super powers with different ideologies.
• It led to establishment of Communist governance in Eastern Europe like Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
• Germany was partitioned into East and West thereby creating Capitalist and Communist Germany.
• It caused the fall of dictators in Europe like Hitler of Germany/Mussolini of Italy.
• People were displaced from their areas thereby becoming refugees like the Jews/Stays/Poles.
• It led to rise of nationalism in Asia/Africa following the return of ex-servicemen who organized/formed political movements.
• The USA introduced the Marshall Plan to assist weakened European powers..
• It led to improvement in military technology/industries leading to the production of advanced military hardware/arms race.
• It led to increased dependency of European powers on their colonies for raw materials for their reconstruction programmes.
• It changed the status of women as they were now recognized as able decision makers/leaders of families during the absence of their husbands.
• It led to the formation of the United Nations Organization to replace the League of Nations which had failed to maintain World peace/security.
• The atomic bombs used against Japan released radioactive substances which negatively affected lives of many people.
• Agriculture and industry were disrupted due to lack of equipment, raw materials and human resources.
• External trade almost came to a standstill due to fear and insecurity.
• There was high inflation rate which led to high cost of living.
• Division of Europe into two opposing blocs; the Eastern and Western.
• The myth of European military superiority was destroyed due to the defeat of the British and the American forces in the Far East by the Japanese.
• Creation of the state of Israel to settle the displaced Jews.
• The war created unemployment due to destruction of industries.
• It led to the spread of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, venereal diseases like syphilis.
• Permanent ill health and shortening of life for millions of people as a result of captivity/ starvation/ famine.

[2018 Q7 P2]

Give the main reason why the European countries formed alliances before the outbreak of the First World War

​To assist/help each other in case of military attack on any of their members

[2018 Q10 P2]

Name the two financial institutions which were established by the United Nations after Second World War

• The World Bank/The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
• International Monetary Fund.(I.M.F)

[2018 Q16 P2]

State one way in which Angola was affected by the Cold War

• It triggered civil wars/ political instability in the country.
• Angola received military/economic assistance.

[2018 Q22.(a) P2]

Identify the three countries that formed Triple Alliance before the outbreak of the First World War

• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy
• Romania

[2018 Q22.(b) P2]

Explain why the Allied powers were able to defeat the Central powers during the First World War

• There were mutinies in the Germany armies leading to their defeat
• Allied powers had many supporters drawn from 25 states some of which were Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Italy, USA, Japan and Portugal. They had more manpower than the central powers.
• Germany failure to effectively control her expensive colonies and others turned against her.
• USA entry into war on the side of the allies accelerated the defeat of the central powers. The industrial might of USA and her economic wealth helped the Allies to force the central powers to their knees.
• The Allies had able and focused political leaders like Lloyd George-the British Premier and Georges Clemenceau, the French Premier.
• Germans/axis powers made serious technical mistakes like invasion of the neutral Belgium by Germany which turned the world opinion against the central powers.
• Superior naval power of the Allies. The superiority of the British Royal Navy enabled the Allies to enforce a naval Blockade that caused severe food shortages among the central powers. The might of the allied sea power – they enforced naval blockades which crippled the central powers.
• Germany fought the war on many fronts.
• Germany was badly led down by her colleagues like Italy who decamped and Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary who had to be assisted all the time. Turkey on her part easily accepted defeat.
• The Allies had financial and industrial resources in Europe and in their colonies which were used to great advantage during the war.
• The Allies had powerful weapons e.g. they used Tankers, Aircraft and Battleships.
• The allies had abundant wealth, food, raw materials and armament
• The allies were united under the Command of General Foch which disadvantaged the central powers. German also used young and inexperienced soldiers after 1918 due to heavy causalities.
• The central powers were surrounded by the Allies as they lay in the centre of Europe. They also lacked an extensive coastline and thus were easily blockaded.

Keep checking this page for future updates. Next updates will be on Dec. 2020