Agriculture is the science and art of cultivation of crops and keeping of livestock.
What does livestock refer to?
Livestock refers to any animal found in the farm and which can be regarded as an asset by the farmer. They include animals such as;

• Fish;
• chicken and other poultry types;
• cows;
• goats;
• camels;
• donkeys;
• sheep;
• pig and others

Cultivation;
This is the art of preparing land for use by agriculture.

As a science, it involves experimentation and application of scientific knowledge in such areas as;

1. Soil analysis;
2. Control of pests and diseases of plants and animals;
3. farm machinery and structural materials;
4. animal and plant breeding.

As an art, it involves the use of learned skills in;

1. tilling the land;
2. construction;
3. measuring;
4. harvesting of crops;
5. feeding and handling of livestock and
6. marketing.

Major areas of Agriculture include:

1. Crop husbandry;
2. animal husbandry;
3. agricultural engineering;
4. agricultural economics.

Agriculture is related to other subjects; namely Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Geography in the fallowing ways:

• Biology
  growing of crops and keeping of animals require knowledge of botany, zoology and ecology.
• Chemistry
  Soil fertility, fertilizers and agro-chemicals.
• Physics
  Farm structures, machinery and tools.
• Geography
  ​Climate and soils.

1. Differentiate between
   1. olericulture and pomoculture (2mks)
   2. Epiculture and Aqualculture (2mks)
2. State five  reasons why agriculture is important in Kenya’s economy  (5mks)
   
3. List four methods of farming.  (4 marks)
   
4. State three characteristics of shifting cultivation. (3mks)
   
5. State four ways by which wind affects the growth of crops. (4mks)
   
6. List down the four aspects of rainfall that affect agriculture. (4mks)
   
7. List three aspects of light that influence crop growth. (3mks)
   
8. State two effects of HIV/AIDS on agricultural production. (2mks)
   
9. What is agriculture (1mk)
   
10. State four branches of agriculture (4mks)
    
11. Give four art activities in agriculture. (4mks)
    
12. State four factors that influence agriculture (4mks)
    
13. What is agroforestry (2mks)
    
14. State six biotic factors that influence agriculture. (6mks)
    
15. Define the term soil (2mks)
    
16. Give three importance of soil to plants. (3mks)
    
17. Define the following terms; (6mks)
    
    1. Short day plants
       
    2. Neutral day plants
       
    3. Long day plants
       

1. Define the term agriculture. (1 mk)
2. Give four practices that show that agriculture is an art. ( 4 mks)
3. State four area of study that shows that agriculture is a science. ( 4 mks)
4. State two ways in which agriculture contributes to development of industries in Kenya. (2 mks)
5. State three ways by which agriculture contributes to national development. (3 mks)
6. List five branches of agriculture. (5 mks)
7. State four factors considered when identifying a farming system in an area. ( 4mks)
8. State four characteristics of large scale farming system. ( 4mks)
9. State two reasons which make small scale farming common to majority of he farmers in Kenya. (2 mks)
10. Define the term pomology as used in crop production (1 mk)
11. State two reasons why nomads move with their livestock from place to place. ( 2mks)
12. State four climatic factors that influence agricultural production in Kenya. ( 4mks)
13. What is agroforestry. ( 1mk)
14. State four problems associated with shifting cultivation. ( 4mks)
15. State two effects of HIV/AIDs) in agriculture. (2 mks)
16. State three ways how agriculture as an occupation provide employment. ( 3mks)
17. State four aspects of rainfall important to a farmer ( 4mks)
18. State five biotic Factors that affect agricultural production. ( 5mks)
19. State four advantages of mixed farming. ( 4mks)
20. 
    
    • a) Give three effects of low temperature in crop production. ( 3mks)
    • b) State four harmful effects of wind in crop production. (3 mks)
21. Name two categories of crops on the basis of photosynthetic light requirement. ( 2mks)

Section B:

​22. Below is a diagram illustrating a soil profile study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i) Name parts labeled A,B,C and D above ( 4mks)
    A_________
    B_________
    C_________
    D_________
ii) State three properties of the part labeled A above. ( 3mks)
iii) State four factors that influence soil formation ( 4mks)

​23. The diagram below shows an experiment set up using different soil type A,B and C. The observation was made after 24 hours.

​a) State what the experiment was designed to study. ( 1mk)
b) Name the soil type labeled A,B,C ( 3mks)
    A___
    B___
    C___
c) State three ways in which soil structure influences crop production. ( 3mks)
d) Distinguish between soil structure and soil texture. ( 2mks)

24. The diagrams below show a  setup of an experiment to study an aspect of soil. 

​a) What was the aim of the experiment (1mk)
b) State one observation that was made in each of the flasks labeled C and D
    C_____________________ ( 1mk).
    D_____________________(1 m k)
c) Give a reason for each of your answers in(b) above (1 mk)
    C________________ (1 mk)
    D_______________(1 mk)

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1. Define the term agriculture          (2mks)
2. List any three major branches of agriculture     (3mks)
3. From which two Latin words in term agriculture is derived? Give the meaning of each   (4mks)
4. Outline five activities which are learnt and performed manually      (5mks)
5. Outline five activities which involve experimental application of scientific knowledge in solving problems in agriculture (5mks)
6. What is given to a system in which crop family and livestock keeping is carried out on the same piece of land at the same time? (1mks)
7. Name four factors which determine the system of farming in a given place  (4mks)
8. State four conditions over which  shifting cultivation is practiced (4mks)

1. What is agriculture?  1 mk
2. Outline four branches of agriculture.  2 mks 
3.  
   
   1. Define the term farming system.  1 mk
   2. Name four factors considered when identifying a farming system.  2 mks 
4. Define the following terms as used in horticultural production.  3 mks 
   1. pomuculture
   2. floriculture
   3. olericulture
5. State four characteristics of extensive farming.  2 mks 
6.  
   
   1. What is organic farming?  1 mk
   2. State four reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming.  2 mks
7.  
   
   1. What is subsistence farming?  1 mk
   2. State four features that characterize subsistence farming.  2 mks 
8.  
   1. What is shifting cultivation?  1 mk
   2. Give four characteristics of shifting cultivation.  2 mks 
   3. State two advantages of shifting cultivation. 2 mks 
9.  
   1. What is nomadic pastoralism?  1 mk
   2. State two advantages of nomadic pastoralism.  1 mk
   3. Give four reasons why nomadic pastoralism is being discouraged in Kenya today.  2 mks 
10. Define the following terms.
    1. Agricultural economics.  1 mk
    2. Agro forestry.  1 mk
11. List five roles that agriculture plays in the economy of Kenya.  5 mks 
12.    
    1. What is mixed farming?  1 mk
    2. Outline four advantages of practicing mixed farming.  2 mks 
    3. State two demerits of mixed farming.
13.  
    1. What is ranching?  1 mk
    2. Explain why ranching is important in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya.  1 mk
14.  
    1. What is small scale farming?  1 mk
    2. State two disadvantages of small scale farming.  1 mk
15. State three roles of agriculture in the development of industries.  3 mks 
16. Give four reasons why agriculture is refereed to as an art.  2 mks 
17. Name four factors influencing agriculture.  2 mks 
18.  
    1. What is arable farming?  1 mk
    2. Name two major forms of arable farming.  1 mk
19. Name two human factors that hinder agricultural development.  1 mk

1. State five reasons that make agriculture important in Kenya Economy (10 mrks)
2. Agriculture can be viewed as an art. Name five farming practices that make it to be an art (10 mrks)
3. State five possible uses on income earned from sale of Agriculture produce (10 mrks)
4. State five factors that determine choice of farming method to use (10 mrks)
5. Give five advantages of mixed farming (10 mrks)
6. State five advantages of organic farming (10 mrks)
7. State four ways through which agriculture contributes to industrial development (8 mrks)
8. Name four general factors that influence agriculture (8 mrks)
9. Name seven human factors that influence agriculture (14 mrks)
10. Give five reasons why ranching is important in arid and semi-arid areas. (10 mrks)

1. Give the modern definition of the term Agriculture. (2 mks)
2. Why is Agriculture considered to be an art? (2 mks)
3. Why is agriculture considered to be a science? (2 mks)
4. Name five agricultural practices that make agriculture to be an art. (10 mks)
5. Give four examples in agriculture that make it to be a science. (8 mks)
6. Name five main branches of agriculture. (10 mks)
7. State three sub branches of Horticulture farming. (6 mks)
8. Give three sub branches of livestock farming. (6 mks)
9. Give two main systems of farming. (4 mks)
10. State four characteristics of shifting cultivation (8 mks)
11. Name five methods of farming. (10 mks)
12. State three aspects of rainfall that are important to a farmer. (6 mks)

1. Outline three characteristics of shift cultivation. (3 mks)
2. Give three reasons why ranching is regarded as improved pastoral nomadism. (3 mks)
3. Give three characteristics of crops suitable for green manure. (3 mks)
4. State the use of each of the following farm tools and equipment. (3 mks)
   1. Bolus gun
   2. Wire strainer
   3. Stir u pump
5. Give three benefits of preparing the land early during the dry season. (3 mks)
6. Give three benefits of irrigation in crop production. (3 mks)
7. Give three reasons for ridging in land preparation. (3 mks)
8. Outline three disadvantages of using canals in conveying water (3 mks)
9. Outline three farming practices that cause water pollution (3 mks)
10. State three characteristics of large scale farming (3 mks)
11. Give three effects of soil PH in crop production (3 mks)
12. Give two advantages of drip irrigation (2 mks)
13. Give two reasons why green manure is not commonly used. (2 mks)
14. Outline four factors to consider when choosing a farming system. (2 mks)
15. Give three ways of achieving organic farming (3 mks)
16. Give three effects of pests on crop production (3 mks)
17. Outline two effects oflow temperature on crop production. (2 mks)
18. Give two farming practices  that destroy soil structure. (2 mks)

1. Name three conditions under which shifting cultivation is practicable.  (3mks)
2. List four disadvantages associated with the burning of land in shifting land preparation. (4mks)
3. Outline four environmental conditions that may lead to poor crop yields. (4mks)
4. Name four human factors that influence production and distribution of crops and livestock  (4mks)
5. a) What is sub –soiling? (1mk)
   b) Give four advantages of minimum tillage.  (4mks) 
6. Mention three types of pumps. (3mks) 
7. Outline four properties of clean and safe water. (4mks)
8. Name three methods of surface irrigation. (3mks)
9. a) Define drainage. (1mk)
   b) Give three causes of poor drainage. (3mks)
10. There are several agricultural practices that causes water pollution. Briefly mention them  (4mks) 
    
11. Name a tool used for each of the following operations. (2mks)
    i)  Testing mastitis
    ii) Cut overgrown hooves
    

Section B:

12. Diagram  D and E below are illustrations of workshop tools. Study them and answer the questions that follow.

a) Identify the tools marked D and E. (2mks)
     D ___
     E ___
b) State one function of each of the tool shown. (2mks)
     D ___
     E ___
c) Give one maintenance practice of tool E. (1mk)

a) Identify the method of drainage shown above. (1mk) 
b) Other than the method shown in (a) above list other four methods used in draining farm land. (2mks)
c) Outline four reasons for draining farm land. (2mks)

​The illustrations above represent an experiment to compare the porosity  and water holding capacity of three of soils. Carefully study the experiment and then answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the soil in each of the funnel labeled.  (3 mks)
     H ___
     J ___
     K ___
b) Which of the three types of soil can be said to have the highest porosity rate? (1 mk)
c) Which type of soil would be  suitable for planting paddy rice?  (1 mk) 

15. Complete the table below that attempts to classify soil based on the sizes of soil particles.  (5 mks) 

16. Below is a diagram of farm equipment. Use it to answer the questions that follows.

a) Identify the  equipment.  (1mk) 
b) State the use of the equipment. (1mk)
c) Name the parts labeled E, F and G.  (3mks) 

17.
​a) Identify the method of irrigation shown below.  (1 mk)

b) What are the disadvantages of this method of irrigation? (2 mks) 
c) Outline how the method of irrigation in (a) above is maintained?  (2 mks) 

Section C:

​18  a) Outline six biotic factors influencing agriculture. (6mks) 
      b) State the four aspects of rainfall that are important for crop growth . (4mks) 
19  a) State five factors that determine the number of times secondary cultivation is done (5mks)
      b)Outline the advantages of minim tillage. (5mks)
20 a) State four importance of water treatment. (4mks)
      b) What factors determine the choice of the type of irrigation used? (6mks) 

Pricing | Marking Scheme