Explain  six functions of the federal government of the U.S.A
It regulates trade between the states
It controls/ regulates trade between  states and foreign countries
It authorizes the printing  and circulation  of currency
It declares war and  makes  peace with other countries  of the  world
It formulates foreign policies involving  the U.S.A  and other countries
It regulates taxation within U.S.A
It establishes federal postal services in U.S.A
It passes federal laws
It establishes federal courts
It establishes federal armed/ defense forces
It admits new states in the  Union

Give three reasons why Samori Toure  resisted French colonization in Africa
He wanted the mandika to retain their independence
He wanted to safeguard  Islam from Christian influence/ he was fighting  a holy war
He wanted to preserve  the  Mandinka culture
He wanted to protect the  Mandinka land from European occupation
He wanted to protect the economic resources of gold mines
He wanted to retain his authority

What were results of the Trans- Atlantic Trade in West Africa?
It led to the displacement of many people who were sold as slaves to the Americas
It led to the permanent separation of families
It led to the depopulation of West Africa
It intensified conflicts and wars between communities
It led to the introduction of manufactured goods to West Africa
It caused untold suffering/ misery
It led to the emergence of a class  of rich traders/ merchants
It led to the emergence of some kingdom
It led to the decline of some states / kingdom as conflicts  between  states intensified in the region
It led to loss of life
It led to destruction  of  property
It led to a decline in agriculture
Some communities were weakened  and therefore  could not resist the establishment of colonial rule
There was a change in social roles as women became  heads  of families
Local industries declined  because of the  influx of cheap  manufactured goods 
Decline of trans- Saharan Trade
Abuse  of power  by  lenders who  sold their  suspects as slaves
Led to urbanization
Opened to the outside world, hence colonization
It created  insecurity in the region

Describe the organization of the Trans- Atlantic Trade
It operated between West Africa, the Americas and Europe/ it organized in a triangular form
The European brought manufactured goods to West Africa and exchanged them with slaves
Slaves were sold at particular centers along the coast of West Africa
The slaves were stored in barracoons awaiting transportation
Famine due to neglect of farming during the war
The resistance inspired future nationalism in Guinea

Explain six ways through which the invention of the railway speeded up industrialization in Europe.

• The invention of the railway facilitated transport of bulky and heavy raw materials to industries.
• It eased and speeded up transportation of bulky manufactured goods to various markets in different parats of Europe
• It facilitated the transportation of heavy industrial sources of energy to the industries, especially coal and firewood
• If provided reliable and cheaper means of transport for workers to the industries and thus enhanced their performance.
• It facilitated interaction between  towns and business people and thus promoted investment in industries
• If facilitated the migration and settlement of people to new lands which became sources of raw materials
• It opened up mining and farming in the interior of most countries
• Facilitated transport of heavy machinery for installation in industries
• Revenue from the railway in setting up industries

Give three development that have taken place in road transport systems since 1950
Tarmac roads which are durable have been constructed
Bridges have been constructed to facilitate travel on roads
Roads have been straightened and widened to cater for the increasing volume of traffic
Dual carriage ways have been constructed to ease traffic congestion
Motorways have been constructed in developed countries for the exclusive use of wheels.
Construction of macadamensed roads

Identify one leader who was founder member of the Non-aligned movement
Broz Tito of Yugoslavia
Gamal Adbal Nasser of Egypt
Jawaharlal Pandit Nehru-premier India
Dr. Ahmed Surkano-premier Indonesia
Chuo En-lai of China-P.M. China