Explain three ways in which Macadamised roads are an improvement to road transport

16/11/2020

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Ways in which Macadamised roads are an improvement to road transport

They are all weather roads.
They are durable
Water drain off easily
They provide a good motoring surface.

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Constitution and Constitution Making for Topical History Questions and Answers

5/11/2020

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Constitution and Constitution Making for Topical History Questions and Answers

1996

15. Which provision in the Kenya constitution protects the wealth of individuals in the country? (1mk)

21. a) Describe the main provisions of the independence constitution of Kenya.(3mks)

1998

21(b) Describe the constitutional amendments which took place in Kenya between 1964 and 1992. (12mks)

2000

14. State one way in which the Kenya constitution promotes national unity. (1 mk)

22 (a) What were the three features of the independence constitution of Kenya?(3 mks)

2003

11. State two provisions of the independence constitution of Kenya. (2 mks)

2006

5. Name the type of constitution used in Kenya (1mk)

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Explain the role of opposition parties in government and nation building

5/11/2020

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The role of opposition parties in government and nation building

Keep the government of the day on its toes by pointing out the shortcomings/ acts as the watchdog for the people.
Contribute to the process of law making and ensure that laws are in harmony with the constitution.
Educate the masses/ public about their rights/ gives education to the masses.
Mobilize people for participation in the political democratic process
They offer alternative policies and programmes to those of the ruling party.
Ensure that public funds are properly utilized through Public Investments Committee or public Accounts Committee.
They check possible excesses by the government and the party in power.
They provide the basis for peaceful solution of conflicts

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Explain circumstances which may force the government to limit the and freedom of the individual

26/10/2020

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Circumstances which may force the government to limit the and freedom of the individual

Vertical Divider

One can be denied the right to life if one is convicted of murder in a court of law or caught in the act of robbery with violence.
If suspected to be planning to commit a crime one is denied their personal liberty/ freedom of movement.
One can be denied freedom to own property if the government wishes to development public utilities in the area but compensation must be paid.
One’s freedom of worship can be limited if one uses it to undermine the government or create disunity.
One’s freedom of assembly can be limited if it poses a threat to the state.
One’s freedom of speech may be limited if one publishes false accusations about another person or the state or incite people against the government.
One’s freedom of movement can be limited if internal security is threatened.
If one is not of sound mind one can be taken to a mental hospital by the police for confinement and treatment.
If one has an infectious disease can be denied one’s personal liberty.
If one has not attained the stage of maturity one is considered a minor and their decisions are made on their behalf by adult members of society.

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Positive effects of slavery in Africa

7/10/2020

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Positive effects of slavery in Africa

There are no known positive effects of slavery on the victims of slavery who happens to be black Africans also referred to as natives. What this brought to Africans was misery, agony, poverty, sufferings and depressions.

However, slavery had some positive effects on those who perpetrated it and those who practiced it such as the Europeans and the Arabs because it provided cheap labor and made profits for the agents.

Slavery and positives effects of slavery shouldn't be on the same sentence and neither should it be taught in schools.

When you teach young scholars about positive effects of slavery who happens to be the grandchildren of the victims of slavery is arrogance and stupidity of the highest order. This is in respect of bad faith and retrogressive thinking.

Only incompetent, escapists, sadists, racists or psychologically insane people have to immoral audacity to raise such questions.

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URBANIZATION

7/10/2020

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2000

5. Give the main reason why most of the early urban centers along the Kenyan coast were built on islands.
(1 mk)

For security reasons as they could easily see the enemies as they approached by sea.

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Describe the working conditions of factory workers in Britain during the industrial Revolution.

5/12/2018

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Describe the working conditions of factory workers in Britain during the industrial Revolution.

Describe the working conditions of factory workers in Britain during the industrial Revolution.

Factory workers were subjected to long working hours
Workers received low wages
Under- age children were employed to work in the factories
Poor working conditions e.g over – crowding, inadequate lighting and poor ventilation.
Lack of insurance covers for the workers/ no workman’s compensation
Exposure to dangerous machines/ no protection against dangerous machines
Frequent outbreak of epidemic e.g. cholera, dysentery, typhoid and T.B
Unhygienic conditions.

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What factors favoured the development of Industries in Britain by 1850

5/12/2018

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What factors favoured the development of Industries in Britain by 1850

What factors favoured the development of Industries in Britain by 1850

Availability of some machines
Existence of a large population which provided steady market for her manufactured goods.
Availability of external markets in her colonies for her industrial goods
Availability of iron. Ore for heavy industries
Existence of cottage industries which acted as a base for industrial expansion.
Availability of labour force especially following the displacement of the people from the rural areas as a result of the agrarian revolution.
Existence of capitalists/entrepreneurs who were willing to invest in the industries.
Scientific improvement and expansion of industries
Existing banks and insurance systems gave financial help and security to industrialists.
Britain had a strong navy which protected her merchants from foreign competitions
Britain’s policy of free trade encouraged industrialization
Availability of skilled labour force.
Britain accumulated wealth / availability of capital which was invested in industries.

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WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE.

5/12/2018

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What factors contributed to the development of the trans-Saharan trade.

What factors contributed to the development of the trans-Saharan trade.

Existence of local trade in the region provided a base for the trade.
Demand for West African goods such as gold, slaves and Kolanuts in the North.
Demand for West African goods such as gold, slaves and Kolanuts in the North.
Existence of rich merchants in the region who were willing to invest in the trade.
Existence of trade routes made it easy for them to travel
The camel made their journey through the desert easy –they were able to carry heavy loads and travel long distances without water. They could also travel on sand with ease.
Existence of strong leaders/political stability in western Sudan which encouraged trade.
Existence of strong leaders/ political stability in Western Sudan which encouraged trade.
Existence of oasis which provided water and acted as a resting point for the traders

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Describe the difficulties faced by the trans-Saharan traders

5/12/2018

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Describe the difficulties faced by the trans-Saharan traders

Describe the difficulties faced by the trans-Saharan traders

Communication barriers due to lack of a common language in which to conduct commercial transactions.
Traveling long distances and for many months across the desert.
Traveling under extreme weather conditions-too hot during the day and too cold at night.
Scarcity of water and food during the journey across the desert.
Attacks by hostile communities who sometimes robbed them of their merchandise.
Traders were sometimes attacked by insects e.g. scorpions.
sometimes wars between kingdoms disrupted trade.

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Describe the effects of the Trans – Saharan trade of West African societies?

23/11/2018

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Effects of the Trans – Saharan trade of West African societies

The trade led to the development of towns in West Africa e.g. Gao Timbuku
It led to the spread of Islam and Islamic learning in West Africa
The trade led to the emergence of a class of wealthy people the merchants who participated in the trade.
The trade promoted intermarriage between North African and West African.
Growth in Agricultural production
Increase warfare
The trade introduced new cultural values in West Africa e.g. people adopted new styles of dressing and eating habits.
Trade led to the introduction of Arab architectural designs in West Africa.
Trade led to the introduction of Empires e.g. Mali Soghai and Ghana.
It led to the depopulation of West Africa through slave trade.
West Africa was known to the outside world.

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What factors led to the development of trade between North Africa and West Africa during the pre-colonial period?

23/11/2018

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Factors that led to the development of trade between North Africa and West Africa during the pre-colonial period

Existence of enterprising North Africa merchants.
Availability of trading items e.g. gold from West Africa and salt mines of the Sahara desert.
Availability of capital provided by the Berber merchants of North Africa
Demand for scarce goods in North Africa and West Africa

Presence of Tauregs who guided the traders through the Sahara desert
Presence of capable rulers who offered protection of traders.
Presence of Oasis
Use of camels and horse.

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Explain six factors which led to the emergence of Japan as an industrial power after the second world war

23/11/2018

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Factors which led to the emergence of Japan as an industrial power after the second world war

Provision of Education which emphasized on technical training
Japanese work ethics which discouraged idleness and encouraged hardworking
Government policy which granted subsidies to industrial entrepreneurs led to industrial growth.
Availability of raw materials from within Japan e.g. silk and from other Asian countries which they colonized e.g. cotton from China.

A well established industrial base. By 1954 Japan had well developed industrial base upon which other industries were built.
Availability of local and internal markets stimulated industrial growth
Existence of a labour force with industrial know – how
Availability of capital from local and foreign investors, especially the USA financial aid which was provided after the 2nd World War (the Marshal plan) stimulated industrial growth of Japan
Availability of energy e.g. H.E.P stimulated industrial growth.

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In what ways did the development of the steam engine contribute to the growth of industries in Europe during the nineteenth century.

23/11/2018

1 Comment

Ways of development of the steam engine contribution to the growth of industries in Europe during the nineteenth century

The development of steam engines facilitated faster transportation of raw materials and finished industrial product.
Provided a source of energy in the factories e.g. the spinning factory
It was used to pump water out of the mines to facilitate mining e.g the coal mines
Facilitated faster transportation of industrial workers.

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Ways of development of the steam engine contribution to the growth of industries in Europe during the nineteenth century

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What is constitution?

22/11/2018

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Definition of a constitution.

A body of fundamental principles on which the government of a state is based either a system of laws and principles on which the government of a state is based.
The term ‘constitution’ refers to a set of agreed principles and rules which state the structure and powers of a government

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Give two ways through which Islam had spread in Africa by the nineteenth century

22/11/2018

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Two ways through which Islam had spread in Africa by the nineteenth century

Jihad/Holy wars
Missionary activities of Muslims scholars
Commercial interactions /Interactions/Intermarriage
Influence of already converted African rulers
Intermarriage
Migration of Muslims /Arabs.
Fear of being enslaved

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State three functions of the police force in Kenya.

21/11/2018

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Functions of the police force in Kenya.

Before 2010 Constitution:

To maintain law and order
To investigate internal security
To provide Internal security
To control and direct traffic in the country
To arrest and prosecute suspected criminals.
To mount a guard of honours for domestic and international dignitaries

After 2010 Constitution:
As outlined in Part III, section 24 of the National Police Service Act, the functions of the Kenya Police are:

Provide assistance to the public when in need
Maintenance of law and order
Preservation of peace
Protection of life and property
Investigation of crimes
Collection of criminal intelligence
Prevention and deduction of crime
Apprehension of offenders
Enforcement of laws and regulations with which it is charged
Performance of any other duties as may be assigned by the Inspector General in accordance with the law

Source: Kenya Police Service

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What are the constitutional duties of the president of Kenya.

21/11/2018

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Constitutional duties of the president of Kenya before 2010 Constitution

The president is the head of government chairs cabinet meetings.
Opens parliament at the start of every session.
Prorogues parliament.
Commander in charge of the Armed forces
Received credentials form foreign envoys accredited to Kenya.
Appoints senior civil servants and dismisses/cabinet ministers/ nominated Mps.
Represents the country in international fora.
Confers in honours for distinguished/ services.
Consents bills before they become law.

Constitutional duties of the president of Kenya After 2010 Constitution

The constitution was presented to the Attorney General of Kenya on 7 April 2010, officially published on 6 May 2010, and was subjected to a referendum on 4 August 2010. The new Constitution was approved by 67% of Kenyan voters. ~ Wikipedia

The President shall--
1. address the opening of each newly elected Parliament;
2. address a special sitting of Parliament once every year and may address Parliament at any other time; and
3. once every year--
  1. report, in an address to the nation, on all the measures taken and the progress achieved in the realisation of the national values, referred to in Article 10;
  2. publish in the Gazette the details of the measures and progress under sub-paragraph (i); and
  3. submit a report for debate to the National Assembly on the progress made in fulfilling the international obligations of the Republic.
The President shall nominate and, with the approval of the National Assembly, appoint, and may dismiss --
1. the Cabinet Secretaries, in accordance with Article 152;
2. the Attorney-General, in accordance with Article 156;
3. the Secretary to the Cabinet in accordance with Article 154;
4. Principal Secretaries in accordance with Article 155; high commissioners, ambassadors and diplomatic and
5. consular representatives; and
6. in accordance with this Constitution, any other State or public officer whom this Constitution requires or empowers the President to appoint or dismiss.
The President shall--
1. chair Cabinet meetings;
2. direct and co-ordinate the functions of ministries and government departments; and
3. by a decision published in the Gazette, assign responsibility for the implementation and administration of any Act of Parliament to a Cabinet Secretary, to the extent not inconsistent with any Act of Parliament.
The President may--
1. perform any other executive function provided for in this Constitution or in national legislation and, except as otherwise provided for in this Constitution, may establish an office in the public service in accordance with the recommendation of the Public Service Commission;
2. receive foreign diplomatic and consular representatives;
3. confer honours in the name of the people and the Republic;
4. subject to Article 58, declare a state of emergency; and
5. with the approval of Parliament, declare war.
The President shall ensure that the international obligations of the Republic are fulfilled through the actions of the relevant Cabinet Secretaries.

Source: Kenya Law Reform Commission

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Which provision in Kenya constitution protects the wealth of individuals in the country

19/11/2018

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Provision in Kenya constitution protects the wealth of individuals in the country

The right to own property.
The Bill of right.

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What is the main function of opposition parties in Kenya?

19/11/2018

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Main function of opposition parties in Kenya

To provide a system of checks and balances to the government of the day in order to guard against excess / to act a check on the actions of the government.

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Name two parastatals organizations in Kenya that fall under the ministry of transport and communication

19/11/2018

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Parastatals organizations in Kenya that fall under the ministry of transport and communication

Kenya ports authority/KPA
Kenya Railways
Kenya posts and Telecommunications
Kenya airways.

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Atika School Provides History and Gvernment questions and answers for KCSE preparations

Ways in which Macadamised roads are an improvement to road transport

Constitution and Constitution Making for Topical History Questions and Answers

The role of opposition parties in government and nation building

Circumstances which may force the government to limit the and freedom of the individual

Positive effects of slavery in Africa

​Describe the working conditions of factory workers in Britain during the industrial Revolution.

​What factors favoured the development of Industries in Britain by 1850

​What factors contributed to the development of the trans-Saharan trade.

​Describe the difficulties faced by the trans-Saharan traders

Effects of the Trans – Saharan trade of West African societies

Factors that led to the development of trade between North Africa and West Africa during the pre-colonial period

Factors which led to the emergence of Japan as an industrial power after the second world war

Ways of development of the steam engine contribution to the growth of industries in Europe during the nineteenth century

Definition of a constitution.

Two ways through which Islam had spread in Africa by the nineteenth century

Functions of the police force in Kenya.

Constitutional duties of the president of Kenya before 2010 Constitution

​Constitutional duties of the president of Kenya After 2010 Constitution

Provision in Kenya constitution protects the wealth of individuals in the country

Main function of opposition parties in Kenya

Parastatals organizations in Kenya that fall under the ministry of transport and communication

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Describe the working conditions of factory workers in Britain during the industrial Revolution.

What factors favoured the development of Industries in Britain by 1850

What factors contributed to the development of the trans-Saharan trade.

Describe the difficulties faced by the trans-Saharan traders

Constitutional duties of the president of Kenya After 2010 Constitution