CARE OF THE HOME OBJECTIVES OF THE TOPIC AND SUB-TOPICS

25/7/2021

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SUB-TOPICS BREAKDOWN

CARE OF THE HOME(12 Lessons)
1. Classification of dirt:
  1. loose dirt
  2. fixed dirt
2. Choice, use and care of different types of cleaning materials and equipment
3. Improvisation of cleaning materials and equipment
4. Reasons for cleaning a house
5. Removing dirt from surfaces
  1. sweeping
  2. dusting
  3. scrubbing
  4. suction
6. Daily, weekly and special cleaning of different areas in a house:
  1. sitting/living area
  2. sleeping area
  3. sanitation area
  4. storage area
  5. dining area
  6. cooking area

CARE OF THE HOME OBJECTIVES OF THE TOPIC AND SUB-TOPICS

TOPIC OBJECTIVES

CARE OF THE HOME(12 Lessons)
Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic the learner should be able to:

classify different types of dirt found in the home
choose, use and care for different types of cleaning materials and equipment
improvise cleaning materials and equipment
practice methods of removing dirt from different surfaces
practice cleaning different areas in the home.

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Different rooms and their functions

24/7/2021

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Living (sitting) room

it’s a meeting place for family members and largest in the house,
for relaxation and for social activities like entertaining, listening to music, games and eating,
furniture and furnishing should provide maximum comfort and atmosphere that gives complete relaxation.

NB:-

it should be easily accessible from all rooms and
should have a back door if possible for privacy of other rooms,
if possible let it have activity areas where different activities can be done without interference.

The dinning room

it is for eating,
smaller than sitting room,
have furniture and chairs for family members,
may have a cupboard/sideboard,
some times in absence of a dinning hall one end of a living room/area of kitchen is used,

NB:
(a) should be next to kitchen/directly joined to the kitchen,
(b) should have a window/hatch to allow easy serving of meals.

Bedrooms

for sleeping/resting,
NB:-

should be located in a way which offers comfort and relaxation,
should be in a quiet part of house,
adequately furnished e.g should have a bed bedside table, dressing table and wardrobe.

The kitchen

for food preparation, preservation, cooking and storage,
acts as a serving area,
serves as a dinning room and can be for laundry.

NB:-

Should be located in a place naturally and artificially lit.
Should be near the dinning room and living rooms, near food store and back door.

The food store

for storage of non-perishable food though a house may have a fridge/cupboard for this.
NB: should be near kitchen

Sanitation

Has a bathroom and toilet, could be in one room/separate.
NB:-

should be where there is water supply,
should be near the bedroom for privacy.

Bath shelters and latrines:

common in rural areas,
outside the house to keep away flies.

NB: -

should be kept clean,
should be away from the water source,
latrine pits should be covered to keep off flies and bad smells.

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Types of houses:

23/7/2021

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A house is a shelter that provides:

physical protection,
psychological protection,
emotional protection

NB:- A good house should be able to cater for all the family needs.

TYPES OF HOUSES

Traditional houses.
Modern houses

The two differ in material used and designs:
NB:- Design and type of house depends on:

Building materials available,
Money available.

(i) Traditional houses

Traditional houses are constructed using materials such as palm leaves,
grass, mud and cow dung, which are not durable. Examples of traditional houses include:

Manyatta (Maasai hut)
Kikuyu hut
Borana/ Somali hut
Giriama hut
Luo hut
A Manyatta

Manyatta Hut (Maasai)
Oblong in shape. Uses poles, sticks, grass leaves which are smeared with a plaster of cow dung and mud on both walls and roof. The house has small openings for ventilation.

Kikuyu hut
Circular in shape. Constructed using poles, sticks and grass. Walls are plastered with mud and then smeared with clay.

Borana/Somali hut
The Borana /Somali people are nomads and as such their houses are constructed in a way that they can easily be dismantled and moved to new locations.
Constructed using poles, sticks and grass. Long grass is neatly woven and tied together with strings into portions.
The portions are secured in an overlapping manner onto a supporting frame in both the roof and walls of the house. These portions can easily be rolled up and secured for ventilation.

Giriama hut
Cone shaped with no apparent difference between the wall and the roof.
Made of overlapping long grass tied using strings to a framework of poles and sticks.
Palm leaves and twigs are closely woven together to form a detachable door.

Luo hut
Round in shape. Made of poles, sticks and grass for the roof. Wall and floor are smeared with mud and cow dung and beautifully patterned. There are holes on the wall for ventilation. The floor is smeared with cow dung and mud.

Advantages of a traditional house:-

building materials can be found locally are cheap and some are free. E.g mud, wood, cowdung, grass etc.
are easy to build,
extra houses can easily be provided,

Disadvantages of a traditional house:-

not durable – affected by weather changes and wear out easily,
they occupy a large area of land,
don’t provide enough privacy, space and security,
materials for construction are cow becoming scarce.

Improved designs of a traditional house:

most of them have improved shapes e.g rectangular, square / L-shape,
they are improved to give more room and privacy,
Traditional materials may be used partly/entirely, but design is changed and improved.

(ii) Modern houses:-

are an improvement of traditional houses,
one building is normally divided into different rooms for different purposes,
materials used include wood, tiles, marble, cement, glass, stones, building limestone, bricks etc.

Types of modern houses:

(a) Bungalow

A house with all rooms on the ground level, suitable for families with young children and elderly because it is less dangerous. If on slopping grounds, rooms can be on a split level.

Advantages of Bungalow:

saves money because it can be extended,
saves labour,
easier to extend,
more private.

Disadvantages of Bungalow:

occupies a lot of space,
not safe if in a lonely place.

(b) Flats/Apartments

A house with all facilities provided on one floor and may have one more or more blocks above or below it.
Common in towns because of limited space.

Advantages of a flat/apartment:

gives sense of community living,
safe from break-ins.

Disadvantages of a flat / apartment

fire and pests can easily spread from one house to another,
has not privacy,
neighbours could be noisy,
staircase not safe for children and aged,
not easy to keep compound neat because it is shared.

(d) Storeyed house/maisonette/town house

A house with some rooms on the ground floor, others upstairs. E.g sitting room, kitchen, toilet on ground floor, bedrooms and bathrooms upstairs.
Are attached to other houses in rows of several houses.

Advantages Storeyed house/maisonette/town house:

save land space,
safe from break-ins because many houses are together,
save building materials because they share a common wall,
provides privacy because each unit may have its own garden.

Disadvantages Storeyed house/maisonette/town house:

sometimes are too close so no privacy,
pests and fire can spread from one to another,
not easy to extend,
expensive because strong building materials are needed for supporting upper room,
staircase is dangerous in children, sick and elderly,

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HOUSING THE FAMILY

21/7/2021

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HOUSING THE FAMILY

A house is a basic need along with food, clothing and security.

Reasons for housing the family/individual

for protection from rain, wind, sun, snow etc,
for security from criminals/wild animals
to give a sense of belonging, a sense of well being and emotional and social development,
for privacy,
for aesthetic value/static in society.

Factors to consider when proving family shelter:-

money available (family income),
size of family,
family composition (gender and age),
family interests (hobbies , entertainment),
social amenities, e.g schools, hospitals etc,
neighbourhoods security.

Methods of providing family shelter

(a) building a house: factors to consider

money available
1. it determines type of house, size and materials to be used. Cost of house includes expenses like planning, legal fees etc.
the size of house
1. should be near amenities e.g hospitals, schools, shopping centres etc., services e.g electricity, telephone, water etc.
2. well drained soil,
3. space enough for expansion,
4. safe environment – safe from e.g natural calamities like landslides etc.
5. direction and growth of town it is in town.
Neighborhood
1. safe from - criminals, noise from airports, bus-stops, markets etc,
2. clean environment – industrial waster, pollution, garbage dumping absent.
3. Morally reputable neighborhood.
Plans and orientation
1. consider requirement of family e.g size and composition, age of family, activities of members, hobbies etc.
2. money available – plan should be in relation to this.
3. design – elaborate as is affordable
4. type of building materials can increase final cost / reduce it.
5. choose building materials basing on weather, availability of materials, transport etc.
6. position of the room, should be in relation to direction of sun, wind, natural view e.g mountains, behind valleys

Advantages of building a house;-

house is built according to ones taste and specification to suit his needs.
if built well it can last long and attract buyers if put up for sale,
owner develops a feeling of permanence and suitability
ownership of the house is a way of added security, independence and stability,
alterations and renovation can be done at ones will.

Disadvantages of building a house;-

cost sometimes ends up going beyond estimates because of inflation, bad weather changes in labour costs etc.,
lack of building materials may delay construction and increase final cost,
one is forced to live where the house is.

(b) Buying a house

Reasons for buying a house;-

provides stability and security to the family – no worry of being evicted,
gives social and emotional stability – no worry of where children will live if anything happens.
It is a means of saving e.g it can be sold when somebody has financial problems it can be sold,
It can become a source of income if rented out,
It can be used for security in case one wants to pick a loan,

Advantages of buying a house;

the house is available immediately. No delay as in constructing one,
it can be paid for by instalments and it becomes the owners after completion of payment,
the price can be less than cost of construction of a new house,
it can be redesigned and remodeled if the owner is creative

Disadvantages of buying a house;

it may not be able to meet requirements of the buyer,
it may need renovations and repairs in future,
the house doesn’t belong to the buyer if payment is in instalments until one competes paying for it.

(c) Renting a house;

Disadvantages of buying a house;Points to consider before renting a house:

length of tenancy,
should be a contract between tenant and owner for safety measure,
amount to be paid and to whom,
who will be responsible for maintenance (tenant/landlord)
security,
size of the house – depends on size of family and composition of members.
public amenities (should be near).

Advantages of renting a house:

one can be able to rent a house that suits her/his income,
it is realistic if income is not…
one is free from paying insurance premiums on the house,
one isn’t involved in keeping the house in good state and repair instead it is the owner who does that.
one can leave the house on giving the required notice.

Disdvantages of renting a house:

one has no security of ownership,
the house may not be repaired on time and if done so may not be to ones taste,
rent may be increased and may be more than what one can afford,
if landlord is not satisfied with one he/she may remove her from the house,
personal items/possessions may be damaged in case of moving to another house,
ones children / animals may not be allowed to move to the other tenant place

(d) Living in an employer’s house:

Advantages of living in an employer's house

convenient because in most cases it is normally near place of work,
rate of expenditure reduced/cut,
most are well maintained as a way of motivation,
it creates a feeling of togetherness when one stays near the workmates.

Disadvantages of living in an employer's house

it may not be to ones expectations,
conflicts may arise because of close interaction with workmates,
one may have no notice to look for another house if sacked abruptly

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FORM 1 HOME SCIENCE NOTES - HOUSING THE FAMILY TOPICS AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

21/7/2021

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TOPICS/SUB TOPICS

HOUSING THE FAMILY (6 Lessons)

Types of houses
1. traditional houses
2. modern houses
Essential areas and their placement in a house
Relationship between locations of different areas in a house and their functions
Methods of providing family shelter
Factors to consider when providing family shelter.

FORM 1 HOME SCIENCE NOTES - HOUSING THE FAMILY TOPICS AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ON TOPIC

HOUSING THE FAMILY (6 Lessons) - Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic the learner should be able to:

compare house designs in different communities
identify and relate locations of different areas in a house to their functions
explain different ways of providing family shelter
state and discuss factors to consider when providing family shelter.

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CAUSES, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ACCIDENTS IN THE HOME

20/7/2021

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CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AT HOME

Untidiness
Exhaustion,
Absent-mindedness,
Haste,
Carelessness,
Faulty equipment,
Loose management and competence,
Spills.

Cuts and bruises:

Prevention:

store knives out of children’s reach,
hold knives by their handles,
handles to be kept free from grease to avoid slippage,
use a chopping board when cutting veges and tomatoes,
Avoid soaking them with dirty utensils, sharp and pointed utensils,
keep cupboard clean of bones, sharp sticks and thorns.

First Aid/management

small cuts should be cleaned with dilute antiseptic/salt to prevent infections,
cover it after drying with a sterile cloth,
use plasters to cover minor cuts,
apply pressure on legs and hands – clean out all dirt with gloves,
if it has foreign bodies remove,
reassure the victim,
take to the doctor for anti-tetanus injection.

Burns and scalds:

Burns are caused by dry heat while scalds are caused by moist heat e.g steam under pressure.

Prevention

matches should be kept away from children,
curtains should not hand near the cooker,
steamers and lids should be removed carefully,
electrical appliances should be good quality ones and bushes not being left unattended at night,
be careful when deep frying,
avoiding trailing table clothes because they catch fire easily,
hot liquids to be kept away from children,
attending to burning refuse, hot stoves/cookers,
pan handles to be away from passage,
thick oven clothes should be used when lifting hot dishes and pans,
avoid leaving children/very old people in the kitchen/near unprotected fire,
using a candle with stand/holder.

First Aid/management

hold the part injured under slow running water/dip in cold water to prevent blisters forming, to
relieve pain and prevent damage of skin,
for minor burns, apply petroleum jelly/soothing ointment.
for severe burns,
treat for shock and take victim to hospital,
cover with a loose sterile dressing to prevent germs and dirt,
keep victim warm, calm and prevent victim from touching blisters,
reassure casualty.

POISONING

Caused by chemicals e.g farm chemicals, drugs, paraffin, alcohol, contaminated food or poisonous plants.

Prevention

keep all medicines away from children reach,
label all materials and any poisonous agents,
follow doctors prescriptions when taking medicines. Avoid overdoses,
medicines packages and empty tins/bottles should be thrown away,

First Aid/management

find out from casualty if conscious what she/he took,
give a lot of water, milk/barley water to dilute the poison,
take victim to the doctor.

FRACTURES AND SPRAINS:

A fracture is a crack/break in the bone while a sprain is the tearing on stretching of strong tissues which holds bones together.

Causes:

slipper floor,
potholes,
cracks,
an old floor,
split water/oil etc.

Symptoms:

swelling
severe pain
lack of movement
change of shape

Kinds of fractures

closed fracture (simple fracture)
Closed results in a swelling (change in shape of point of fracture and skin is not broken).
open fracture (c.p.d fracture)
Open results in skin breaking near the fracture, some times bone ends pierce through the skin.

NB: It is dangerous because the bone may be infected and become hard to heal.

Causes of fractures

falls

First Aid/management

don’t move the victims
support injured part / apply splints on it,
rat for shock,
take victim to the doctor.

Sprains:

Happens when one twists joint accidentally stepping on uneven ground:

Symptoms and signs

painful,
part becomes hot,
limited movement,
swelling.

First Aid:-

apply a cold water park / soak the joint in very cold water for 20minutes to reduce pain and swelling. Do this for joint.
apply a bandage firmly,
raise the part till swelling reduces,
take victim to hospital if serious for an X-ray and treatment.

CHOKING AND SUFFOCTION

As a result of obstruction of wind pipe that can be due to swallowing a sweet, marble, button/any object/food/too much liquid or gas being used at once making breathing difficult.

First aid/management

let patient lean forward, slap back with flat of the hand between shoulder blades,
if it fails remove it by hooking it out with the fore finger curled downwards to root of the tongue/make person vomit by tickling back of throat with the fore finger.
give milk/water to wash it down,
if it is a child, hold upside down, pat between shoulder blades,
bend child forward over the knee thumb firmly between shoulders.
give artificial respiration if needed.

SHOCK

TYPES

Emotional shock
Surgical shock

Emotional is caused by serious upsetting news/events. It can cause;-

fainting
hysteria
depression

REMEDY

to help the person remain calm and sensible.
reassure him/her till state is normal.

Surgical is as a result of;

serious burns
serious injury

that may have been very painful.

Symptoms of shock:

calm yourself and patient,
call for a doctor immediately,
lie down the person lower limbs raised above rest of the body,
cover patient with a blanket,
give a warm drink if conscious,
put patient in a place well ventilated,
reassure him/her,
give pain relievers e.g paracetamol and placing victim in a comfortable position.

Electric shock

Caused by:

touching a live electric wire,
using faulty appliances with hands.

Prevention

being careful not to be a victim,
switching off current before the victim,
ensuring victim are out contact,
moving the victim with a bad conductor of heat e.g a dry plant of wood if current can’t be turned off.
don’t use wet material to handle victim because water is a good conductor of electricity,
when victim is safe treat for shock.

FAINTING

Caused by temporary insufficient supply of blood to the brain due to:

standing too long in the sun,
loss of blood (too much),
severe vomiting,
fear,
lack of air,
bad news,
unpleasant/frightening sight,

NB: Persons feels dizzy and looses consciousness

First aid/management

be calm,
lie the victim on a bed/grass in a cool place,
check on breathing,
give artificial oxygen if possible,
turn victim to safety position,
treat to stop bleeding / reduce it,
loosening tight clothing (neck and waist)
raising legs for blood to flow to the head,
reassuring the victim,
call medical expert,
if conscious, rest the person in a well ventilated room

DROWNING:-

Liquids enter air passage.

HOME SCIENCE NOTES

​HOME SCIENCE NOTES

CARE OF THE HOME OBJECTIVES OF THE TOPIC AND SUB-TOPICS

SUB-TOPICS BREAKDOWN

TOPIC OBJECTIVES

Different rooms and their functions

Living (sitting) room

​The dinning room

​Bedrooms

​The kitchen

The food store

​Sanitation

​Bath shelters and latrines:

​Types of houses:

TYPES OF HOUSES

​​(i) Traditional houses

​Advantages of a traditional house:-

​Disadvantages ​ of a traditional house:-

​Improved designs of a traditional house:

​(ii) Modern houses:-

​Types of modern houses:

(a) Bungalow

Advantages of Bungalow:

Disadvantages of Bungalow:

​(b) Flats/Apartments

Advantages of a flat/apartment:

Disadvantages of a flat / apartment

​(d) Storeyed house/maisonette/town house

Advantages Storeyed house/maisonette/town house:

Disadvantages Storeyed house/maisonette/town house:

HOUSING THE FAMILY

​HOUSING THE FAMILY

Reasons for housing the family/individual

Factors to consider when proving family shelter:-

Methods of providing family shelter

(a) building a house: factors to consider

Advantages of building a house;-

Disadvantages of building a house;-

(b) Buying a house

Advantages of buying a house;

Disadvantages of buying a house;

(c) Renting a house;

Disadvantages of buying a house;Points to consider before renting a house:

Advantages of renting a house:

Disdvantages of renting a house:

(d) Living in an employer’s house:

Advantages of living in an employer's house

Disadvantages of living in an employer's house

FORM 1 HOME SCIENCE NOTES - HOUSING THE FAMILY TOPICS AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

TOPICS/SUB TOPICS

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ON TOPIC

CAUSES, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ACCIDENTS IN THE HOME

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AT HOME

​Cuts and bruises:

Prevention:

First Aid/management

​Burns and scalds:

Prevention

First Aid/management

​POISONING

Prevention

First Aid/management

​FRACTURES AND SPRAINS:

Causes:

Symptoms:

Kinds of fractures

Causes of fractures

First Aid/management

Sprains:

Symptoms and signs

First Aid:-

​CHOKING AND SUFFOCTION

First aid/management

​SHOCK

Symptoms of shock:

Electric shock

Prevention

​FAINTING

First aid/management

​DROWNING:-

HOME SCIENCE NOTES

The dinning room

Bedrooms

The kitchen

Sanitation

Bath shelters and latrines:

Types of houses:

(i) Traditional houses

Advantages of a traditional house:-

Disadvantages of a traditional house:-

Improved designs of a traditional house:

(ii) Modern houses:-

Types of modern houses:

(b) Flats/Apartments

(d) Storeyed house/maisonette/town house

HOUSING THE FAMILY

Cuts and bruises:

Burns and scalds:

POISONING

FRACTURES AND SPRAINS:

CHOKING AND SUFFOCTION

SHOCK

FAINTING

DROWNING:-