​i) Name the network topologies labeled a, B, C and D. 
ii) Explain what happens if server X in topology A fails. 
iii) List two problems associated with network topology B. 
iv) List two disadvantages associated with network topology D.
b) Differentiate between Interment and World Wide Web: 
c) Describe the following network services and identify their applications.
i) Voice mail 
ii) Video conferencing

ANSWERS
i) Name the network topologies labeled A, B, C and
A  Tree/Hierarchy
B Ring 
C Bus/Multi drop 
D Star
ii) Explain what happens if server X in topology A fails. 
The terminal connected to X will be affected/stop communicating with the ret of the network
 iii) List two problems associated with network topology B. 
Difficult to trouble shoot "- Failure of one terminal results in network breakdown
Extra cost of extra NIC card.
iv) List two disadvantages associated with network topology D. 
Failure of central device/server results I total collapse of network
Extra cost of cabling as each terminal must be cabled separately to the hub.
b) Differentiate between Internet and World Wide Web. 
The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols.
The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data. Web services, which use IfTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share information. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video.
c) Describe the following network services and identify their  applications.
i) Voice mail                                                                  
Voicemail (or voice matt, voicemail or VMS, sometimes called message bank) is a centralized system of managing telephone messages for a large group of people. In its simplest form it mimics the functions of an answering machine, uses a standard telephone handset for the user interface, and uses a centralized, computerized system rather than equipment at the individual telephone.
Voicemail systems are much more sophisticated than answering machines in that they can:
 Answer many phones at the same time
 Store incoming voice messages in personalized mailboxes associated with the user's phone number
 Enable users to forward received messages to another voice mailbox
 send messages to one or more other user voice mailboxes
 Add a voice introduction to a forwarded message
Store voice messages for future delivery
 Make calls to a telephone or paging service to notify the user a message has arrived in his/her mailbox
 Transfer callers to another phone number for personal assistance
 Play different message greetings to different callers.
ii) Video conferencing.
A videoconference (also known as a video teleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called visual collaboration and is a type of groupware.​

b) A student’ database comprises of students’ details table and fees received table as shown below:
Students’ details table

​i) State the primary key field for each table. 
ii) State the field, which should serve as the linking field for the two tables.
c) Describe the following terms with respect to computer security:
i) Logic bombs 
ii) Physical security 
iii) Tapping 
d) List three functions of antivirus software.

(i) Log files

• A file that lists actions that have occurred. For example, web servers maintain log files listings every request made to the server. With  log  file  analysis  tools, its possible  to get a good  idea  of where  visitors  are coming from, how often they return  and how they navigate through a site.

ii) Firewalls.          

• A firewall is an information technology (IT) security device which is configured to permit, deny or proxy data connections set and configured by the organization's security policy. Firewalls can either be hardware and/or software based.
•  A firewall!\s basic task is to control traffic between compeer networks with different zones of trust. Typical examples are the Internet which is a zone with no trust and an internal network which is (and should be) a zone with high trust The ultimate goal is to provide controlled interfaces between zones of differing trust  levels through the enforcement of a security policy and connectivity model based on the least privilege principle and separation of duties

b) A students' database comprises of students1 details table and fees received table as shown below:

(i)State the primary key field for each table.

• Student table- Admission Number
• Fees Received table - Receipt Number 

ii) State the field, which should serve as the linking field for the two tables.

• Admission number

(Note: Make Admission Number a foreign key in the fees table)
c) Describe the following terms with respect to computer security:
i)Logic bombs
A computer virus that is activated after a series of event/commands/date
ii) Physical security                                                       
Threats that threaten the physical nature of computer equipment e.g. Fire, Lightening water, building access etc
iii) Tapping.

• Telephone tapping (or wire tapping/wiretapping) is the monitoring of telephone and Internet conversations by a third party, often by covert means. The telephone tap or wire tap received its name because historically, the monitoring connection was applied to the wires of the telephone line of the person who was being monitored and drew off or tapped a small amount of the electrical signal carrying the conversation

(d) List three functions of antivirus software.

• Identify a virus/Warn
• Heal/Clean a virus
• Prevent/Protect infection 
• Quarantine infected files

​b) State one way in which a user may reverse the last action taken in a spreadsheet package. 
c) The following is a sample of a payroll. The worksheet row and column headings are marked 1, 2, 3, . and A, B, C. respectively

Use the following expressions to answer the questions that follow:

•  Basic pay = hours worked x pay per hour
• Allowances are allocated at 10% of basic pay
• Gross pay = basic pay + allowances
• Tax deductions are calculated at 20% of gross pay
•  Net pay = Gross pay – tax deductions.

Write formulae using cell references for the following cells;
i) D2 
ii) E4 
iii) F10 
iv) G7 
v) H5 
d) i) State three ways of moving round the page in a Desktop Publishing window. 
ii) State two ways on how information & Communication Technology (ICT) can be used to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS

EXPECTED RESPONSES

(a) Distinguish  between  the following sets  of terms as used  in  spreadsheets
(i) Worksheet and workbook

• Worksheet – The working area in an electronic spreadsheet on which a 
• user enters the spreadsheet data.
• Workbook – A spreadsheet file. A workbook can obtain several worksheets

(ii) Filtering and sorting

• Data filtering is a way of organizing spreadsheet data for ease of analysis. Often spreadsheet filters are used to “hide” rows of data that do not meet certain specified criteria. This allows you to analyze (e.g. count, observe etc) only certain “Filtering” groups of data.
• Data sorting: Is a way of arranging record according to one of the fields in either ascending or descending order.

(b) State one way in which a user may reverse the last action taken in a spreadsheet package
Use the undo command (ctrl + z)
(c)The following is a sample of a payroll. The worksheet row and column headings are marked 1, 2, 3, and A, B, C respectively

Use the following expressions to answer the questions that follow

• Basic pay- Hours worked x  pay per hour
• Allowances  are allowed at 10% of basic pay
• Gross pay- Basic pay + allowances
• Tax  deductions are calculated  at 20% of gross  pay
• Net pay-= gross  pay – tax deductions

Write formulae using cell references for the following cells

• (i)D2  = B2 * C2
• (ii)E4 = 10% * D4 or 10% * (B4 * C4)
• (iii)F10 = D10 + E10
• (iv)G7 = 20% * F7
• (v)H5 = H5 – G5

(d) (i) State three ways  of  moving round the page in  desktop  publishing  window 

• Use cursor keys
• use mouse scroller
• Use scroll buttons (horizontal and vertical)

(ii)State two ways on how information & communication technology (ICT) can be used to reduce the spread of HIV/ AIDS

• Through  advertisements on the Internet
• Through creation of posters
• Through discussion  groups  on the internet

​b) List and explain three types of user interfaces. 
c) Describe the following categories of software:
i) Firmware 
ii) Proprietary software 
d) a new company XYZ intends to go into the business of desktop publishing. Advise the company on three computer hardware system specification features to consider as a measure of enhancing performance.

(a) One of the functions of an operating system  is  job  scheduling. 
Explain what is meant by job- scheduling
Running of a particular job/ task under a system of priority, computer resource availability, time allocated to user etc.
(b) List and explain three types of user interfaces

• Command driven- Command language dialogues are those in which the user types instructions to the computer in a formally defined language
• Menu driven- These allow the user to issue commands by selecting choices from a menu of displayed alternatives
• Graphical User interface- These are those in which the user manipulates, though button pushes and movements of pointing devise such as a house, a graphic or iconic representation of the underlying data.

(c) Describe the following categories of software

• (i) Firmware
• Soft ware that is burnt in computer ROM chips, usually system software
• (ii) Proprietary Software
• Any software  as opposed  to freeware, which  is available freely

(d) A new company XYZ intends to go into the business of desktop publishing. Advise the company on three computer hardware system specification features to consider as a measure of enhancing performance.

• Consider RAM capacity
• Consider speed of computer
• Consider hard disk capacity

i) Third generation languages 
ii) Object oriented languages 
b) Draw a flowchart to compare three non-equal numeric values A, B, C and prints the largest of the three.

(a) List two examples of:
(i) Third generation languages
Pascal, basic, c
(ii)Object oriented languages
VB, Small talk, C++

Shade and label:
a) one sector 
b) One block

1. Observations
2.  Interviews
3. Automatic data capture
4. Studying reports

• A border is a decorative frame that surrounds a page or elements on a page. The border can be a simple rule line or an elaborate set of lines and curves. A border can be composed of repeating graphic elements. Borders can be used to set apart, draw attention or unify disparate elements.
• Margin The  blank  space  that surrounds  the text on a page  or the  boundary  line  or the area immediately  inside  the boundary  or the  blank  space  that  surrounds the text on a page.

• Rotate- to turn an image through an angle
• Crop – to trim the edges of an angle

(a)Portability
Ability of a software to work/ function in several computer hardware and O/S  platforms
(b)Modularity
Ability of software to be broken down into several sections for easier understanding and maintenance.

1. Through better advertisement on the internet
2. Through better services in retail shops via point of sale terminals
3. Through electronic funds transfer
4. Open Lines of Communication between Staffers and Management
5. Provide Ongoing Training
6. More Efficient Scheduling of Manpower and Jobs
7. Boost Customer Satisfaction through Improved Communications
   

• ​COM port also known as a serial port transmits data bit by bit LTP port also known as a parallel port transmits multiple bits simultaneously at a time.or
• LPT is a parrallel port typically associated with old printers. COM is a serial port assiciated with older interace devices like mice, PDAs, etc.

b) An employee in a business company is charged with the responsibility of putting the company advertisements on the Internet.

• i) State the professional title of the employee. 
• ii) Give an example of software used by this employee to carry out the above task. 

ANSWERS

​(a) What is an internet service  provider?
A company that provides internet services. Connects users to the internet
(b) An employee in a business company is charged with the responsibility of putting the company advertisement on the internet
(i) State the professional title of the employee
 Web administrator, web designer
(ii) Give an example of software used by this employee to carry out the above task
HTML, Dream weaver, MS Front  Page

1. Switch off main electrical supply
2. Vacate the room
3. Inform master in charge
4. Call for help
5. Try to extinguish using the appropriate fire extinguisher (not water)

•  Software that is easier to use or work with (1mk)

(b) Distinguish between  the terms single- tasking  and multi- user as used  in operating  systems

• Single tasking – the O/S allows one program to be processed at a time
• Multi – user an O/S that allows several tasks/ programs to be simultaneously

• Any device connected externally to the CPU
• A peripheral device is an internal or external device that connects directly to a computer or other digital device but does not contribute to the computer's primary function, such as computing.
  It helps end users access and use the functionalities of a computer.-Techopedia

Give two examples of peripheral devices 

1. Mouse,
2. Monitor,
3. Keyboard,
4. printer 

• A transcription error is a specific type of data entry error that is commonly made by human operators or by optical character recognition (OCR) programs E.g. Name: Stamley (wrong) instead of Stanley (correct) WHILE
• A transposition error is an error caused by reversing two or more digits of an amount while posting transactions. These are almost always human in origin An Example is ZIP code: 57429 (wrong) instead of 54729 (correct).

(a) Analogue data: Data that is based on physical variations such as loudness and pitch, electoral voltages 
(b) Digital Data- Data, which use the computer’s binary number systems 0 and 1