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Differentiate between one’s complement and two’s complement in data representation.

6/1/2021

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Differentiate between one’s complement and two’s complement in data representation.

(a) (i) Differentiate between one’s complement and two’s complement in data representation.
 (ii) Explain the preference of binary number systems over decimal number systems in computers.
(b) (i) Using one’s complement, subtract 1000112 from 0100102
 (ii) Convert the number 21.0312510 to its binary equivalent.
(c)Perform the following binary operations. 1101 + 11011 + 101 + 11111
  • (a) (i) In one’s complement, a negative number is represented by taking all its bits in the positive number and inverting them. In two’s complement, you start with one’s complement but add I to the results.
OR
  • In two’s complement, there are no two ways of presenting a zero. In one’s complement, overflow bit is added back to the answer but ignored in two’s complement.
(ii) Binary number system over decimal
  •  it is easy to program.
  •  uses bi-state devices which can either be ON or OFF.
  •  Binary can be used to represent all types of data.
Differentiate between one’s complement and two’s complement in data representation.
Differentiate between one’s complement and two’s complement in data representation.

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A worker is unable to travel to the office but may still be able to do the office work through telecommuting.

6/1/2021

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A worker is unable to travel to the office but may still be able to do the office work through telecommuting.

​(a) Explain why the worker may use each of the following:
(i) email; 
(ii) fax; 
(iii) digital camera;
(iv) firewall. 
(b) The worker needs to make regular backups of documents sent to the office.
State three reasons for this. 
(c) Explain two benefits that the employer will get by allowing this worker to do the office work through telecommuting.
RESPONSES
(a) E-mail: - used to send and receive electronic documents to/from the office.
Receive instructions from the supervisor or co-workers.
Fax: - Used to send documents which are in non-electronic format
Digital camera - Used to capture images in picture form/video conferencing.
Firewall - Used to prevent intrusion to the home computer because telecommuting involves connection to the internet.
(b)  Communication systems may fail/communication channel may fail.
  •  The document sent may get lost due to sending to wrong address.
  •  The documents may be re-used or updated.
  •  Malfunctioning of either sending/ receiving computers (failure of DTE
(c)  Employer will only pay for work done.
  •  The working time is not limited to official working hours/office available 24 hours.
  •  Employer saves on office space.
  • Does not have to pay for commuter allowance.
  •  Employer may not require permanent employees.
  •  Employer may outsource expert skills that are not available locally.
A worker is unable to travel to the office but may still be able to do the office work through telecommuting.

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Figure 4 shows an advert placed in a newspaper. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

6/1/2021

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Figure 4 shows an advert placed in a newspaper. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

(a)(i) Define a laptop computer. (ii) The screen is said to be 17 inches. Explain what this means. (b)State one advantage of having each of the following provided with a laptop. (i) modem (ii) USB (iii) free suite (c) State the software package in the free suite which is most suitable for each of the following: (i) computing budgets . (ii) creating documents (iii) designing of brochures (iv) records management (d) (i) State three advantages of using a computer to design an advert such as the one in Figure 4. (ii) State two benefits of having the advert uploaded on the internet.
(a)(i) Define a laptop computer.
(ii) The screen is said to be 17 inches. Explain what this means. 
(b)State one advantage of having each of the following provided with a laptop.
(i) modem 
(ii) USB 
(iii) free suite  
(c) State the software package in the free suite which is most suitable for each of the following:
(i) computing budgets .
(ii) creating documents 
(iii) designing of brochures 
(iv) records management 
(d) (i) State three advantages of using a computer to design an advert such as the one in Figure 4. 
(ii) State two benefits of having the advert uploaded on the internet.
RESPONSES
​(a)Definition of a laptop computer
(a) (i) Is a portable computer small enough to be used on laps.(evidence of portability, mobility, small size) 17” screen
(ii) Diagonal length of the screen. An indication of the size of the screen.
(b)Advantages of the following:
(i) modem
  •  For internet connectivity
  •  Converts analog signal to digital signals and vice versa.
  •  It is wireless technology of internet at any point.
(ii) USB
  •  Most peripheral devices are connected to the computer via USI3 ports.
  •  Has high speed rate.
  •  Supports both power and data transmission.
  • One USB can support 127 devices at a time.
(iii) Free suite:
  • The user is not required to buy a licence for use of the
  • (several software packed as one) software.
(c)Package suitability
  • (i) Computing budgets - spreadsheets.
  • (ii) Creating documents - word processor.
  • (iii) Designing brochures - DTP.
  • (iv) Records management - Databases/spreadsheet.
(d)(i) Three advantages of using a computer for designing an advert such as the one in fig. 4
  •  Advert can be stored for future use.
  •  Modification of the advert is easy.
  •  Ease of design due to tools and template availability advantages/does not require an expert.
  •  Ease of upload.
  •  Can be electronically sent.
(ii) 2 benefits of Internet advertising as in figure 4.
  •  Wider coverage.
  •  Feedback from viewers/ visitors can be received instantly.
  •  Service is throughout.
  •  cost is low. .

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Describe three types of validation checks as used in data processing.

6/1/2021

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Describe three types of validation checks as used in data processing.

​(b) A company has opted to store its employees’ personal details in a computer system.
Describe two software methods that may be used to prevent unauthorized access to these details. 
(c) (i) Describe each of the following data processing modes:
I. real-time; 
II. interactive. 
(ii) State an application area where real-time data processing mode is applied.
RESPONSES
(a) Validation checks
  •  Range checks: checks that data lies within a range of values.
  •  Presence checks: checks that data is there and has not been missed out.
  •  Length checks: checks that fields are of the right number of characters.
  • Type checks: checks that the data is of the right type.
  •  Format checks: checks whether data is in the correct format.
(b) Methods to prevent un authorised access:
  •  Password: A secret word; a string of characters known only to a restricted group for authentication.
  •  User Access levels: A case where each group is granted different levels of access
  •  User Access rights: An individual is granted access or denied access to resources.
(c) (i) (I) Real-time
  • In a real-time processing. there is a continual input, process and output of data instantaneously upon receipt of command.
(II) Interactive processing
  • A computer processing in which the user can modify the operation appropriately while observing results at critical steps.
  • (ii) Application area for real-time mode
  • Airline booking, medical system. car tracking system, hotel booking system, banking system.
​(b) A company has opted to store its employees’ personal details in a computer system. Describe two software methods that may be used to prevent unauthorized access to these details. (c) (i) Describe each of the following data processing modes: I. real-time; II. interactive. (ii) State an application area where real-time data processing mode is applied.

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Figure 3 shows a flowchart. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

6/1/2021

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Figure 3 shows a flowchart. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

Picture
(i) Determine the output from the flowchart if:
I. X=5; 
II. X=7. 
(ii) Write a Pseudocode for the flowchart in figure 3. 
(iii) Modify the flowchart so that it can be used to get the sum of integers between 50 and 100. 
(b) List two programming language translators. 
RESPONSES
Picture
Picture

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Identify the appropriate output device for the production of each of the following:

6/1/2021

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Identify the appropriate output device for the production of each of the following:

(a) receipts where carbon copies are required; 

  • Carbon copies - impact printers e.g. dot matrix.

(b) an architectural drawing where precision is required; 

  • Architectural design - plotter

(c) output where the user is visually impaired.

  • Visual impairment -speakers/brailles.
Identify the appropriate output device for the production of each of the following:

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Describe compatibility as a factor to consider when purchasing a computer.

6/1/2021

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Describe compatibility as a factor to consider when purchasing a computer.

  1. Compatibility factors on computer choice.
  2.  Compatibility with available software. 
  3. Being able to have the available software installed.
  4.  Having the available peripherals in the market being able to be connected
Describe compatibility as a factor to consider when purchasing a computer.

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A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

6/1/2021

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A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

  1. Possible causes of Hard disk blinking.
  2.  Virus executing itself.
  3.  Updating of some software applications.
  4.  Network access taking place.
A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

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Explain why a DTP application would be preferred to a word processing application when designing a publication.

6/1/2021

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Explain why a DTP application would be preferred to a word processing application when designing a publication.

  • Explanation of DTP preference over word processor in designing a publication.
  • DTP is designed with facilities to support and manipulate graphics that are not found in
  • traditional wordprocessors. e.g. the facilities are such as page layout, colour libraries and object layering.
Explain why a DTP application would be preferred to a word processing application when designing a publication.

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The 21st century has had many forms of ICT technologies improving the various means of communication. However, these changes have brought many challenges. State three negative social impacts of these technologies.

6/1/2021

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The 21st century has had many forms of ICT technologies improving the various means of communication. However, these changes have brought many challenges.State three negative social impacts of these technologies.

  1. Internet addiction
  2.  Privacy violation
  3.  Exploitation (sexual) through Ponography
  4. Crime - fraud on the internet
  5.  Cyber terrorism
  6.  Recruitment to drug trafficking/drug abuse
The 21st century has had many forms of ICT technologies improving the various means of communication. However, these changes have brought many challenges. State three negative social impacts of these technologies.

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Explain the importance of disk partitioning.

6/1/2021

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Explain the importance of disk partitioning.

Importance of disk partitioning.
  • Disk partitioning enhances logical management of files since files can be grouped into partitions based on their roles.
  •  Enhances disk maintenance since partitions can be formatted, deleted or modified individually without affecting files stored in other partitions.
  •  Partitioning helps in virus management. This is done by keeping system files in one partition with limited access rights. Viruses would therefore lack access to the system files.
  •  Enables installation of more than one operation system. 

​Differentiate between pull-down menu and pop-up menu as used in Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems.

 Difference between pull-down and pop-up menus
  • A pull-down menu is a list of commands that appears as a list from the menu bar going
  • down which is invoked by the click or alt key whereas a pop-up menu is a list that
  • appears anywhere on the screen when there is a click.
Explain the importance of disk partitioning.​Differentiate between pull-down menu and pop-up menu as used in Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems.

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An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

6/1/2021

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An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

(a) Name this implementation strategy. 

The implementation strategy is:
  • phased change-over/modular

​(b) Give two reasons why the organisation is opting to use the implementation strategy in (a) above.

Reasons for partial approach.
  •  It gives employees opportunity to learn
  •  Organization can revert to old system in case of failure.
  •  Reduces resistance by employees.
An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

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The topology below ¡s formed by combining two types of topologies.

6/1/2021

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The topology below is formed by combining two types of topologies.

The topology below ¡s formed by combining two types of topologies.

(a) Give one name for the combined topology in figure 2. 

  •  Hybrid topology/tree/hierarchical

(b) Name the two topologies forming the combined topology in figure 2.

  • Star and Bus topologies (line/linear)

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State three reasons why an organisation may opt to develop its own software in-house rather than buy off-the-shelf software.

6/1/2021

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State three reasons why an organisation may opt to develop its own software in-house rather than buy off-the-shelf software.

  1. Customised to suit business needs of the organisation.
  2.  It can be upgraded as needed by the organisation.
  3.  The organisation can have a module that the competitors don’t have.
  4. The organisation develops only the modules needed/memory eptimization, or storage/space.
State three reasons why an organisation may opt to develop its own software in-house rather than buy off-the-shelf software.

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A retailer uses a spreadsheet program to calculate profits. Figure 1 shows the spreadsheet.

6/1/2021

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A retailer uses a spreadsheet program to calculate profits. Figure 1 shows the spreadsheet.

A retailer uses a spreadsheet program to calculate profits. Figure 1 shows the spreadsheet.
​(a) Which row contains labels only? 
(b) Write the formula that has been entered in cell F2. 
  •  (a) Row 1 or 1 
  • (b) = D2*E2; = product(D2E2)
  • OR = Product (D2: E2)

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