COMPUTER STUDIES QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Differentiate between Internet and World Wide Web. (2 marks)
The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. 

​Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols. 
The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium  of the Internet It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet. The Web  uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data. 

​Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share information. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video. 

Name three facilities that are needed to connect to the Internet.  

• Computer Internet software
• Telecommunication facilities, e.g., Telephone lines, telephone exchange stations & satellite transmission.
• Modems
• Internet service provider (ISP)
• TCP/IP protocols

What is a Website?  

• A collection/group of related Web pages belonging to an organization or individual

​The figure below shows an extract of an e-mail application

​What is meant by each of the following terms:
Trash 
Acts as a dust bin for your e-mail account where all deleted mails are stored before being permanently removed from the account

​Spam 
This is a folder in your account where all junk and suspicious mails received are stored

​Inbox 
This is a folder in your account where all genuine mails received are stored

​Piconet 

• A network of Bluetooth enabled devices.
• A device / software that enable Bluetooth – enabled devices to communicate

Difference between Home page and web page

• Home Page
• Web Page
• It’s the first page that opens when a site is opened using the when the domain name.
• It is web document in a website/ Any page on a web.

(b) Explain two circumstances under which the use of wireless communication would be preferred in data communication. 
(c) Figure 2 is an extract of a spreadsheet showing what the students had targeted to score and the actual score in a computer remedial class.

A performance factor is obtained by subtracting the target score from the actual score and dividing the difference by the target score.
Write a formula that uses cell references only that would be entered in cell:
(i) D2 to compute the performance factor. 
(ii) E2 to display the statement ‘more remedials’ if the performance factor is less than zero, ‘exempted’ if the factor is greater than zero and ‘optional remedials’ if otherwise. 
(iii) D8 to display the best performance factor. ​​

RESPONSES

(a) Ways ¡n which internet makes reporting of corruption easier.

•  Interactiveness: the internet based technology enables real-time dialogue hence instantaneous reporting of cases;
•  Outreach: the technology allows the coverage of wide areas/can be reported from anywhere;
•  Social mobilisation: It is easy to use technology to create a network with people or organisations with similar concerns;
•  Anonymity: With use of the technology, it has become easy to report corruption cases without being known;
•  Security: The message sent reaches the destination with less risk of being intruded.

(b) Circumstances when wireless is preferred

•  When the targetted recipients are many and diverse e.g. different  platforms, devices, geographical locations.
•  When the sender or receiver is mobile and it in practical to use wired media.
•  When there is no space or it is inconvenient to lay cables e.g in a congested town.
•  When the distance of travel is very big e.g extraterestial communication.

• Use of the 1F function
• First selection & output
• Second selection & output
• Last selection & output

(iii) = Max (D2:D7)

• Modulator Demodulator/modulation demodulation

• Convert digital signals to analog format before transmission; and incoming signals from analog to digital before processing.

Items that an email must have:

1.  the email address of the recipient;
2.  the content or message being communicated.

Function of

• (a) In box : A storage location where new email messages are stored. 
• (b) Draft: A storage location where messages composed but not yet sent are stored. 

​(a) Explain why the worker may use each of the following:
(i) email; 
(ii) fax; 
(iii) digital camera;
(iv) firewall. 
(b) The worker needs to make regular backups of documents sent to the office.
State three reasons for this. 
(c) Explain two benefits that the employer will get by allowing this worker to do the office work through telecommuting.

RESPONSES

(a) E-mail: - used to send and receive electronic documents to/from the office.
Receive instructions from the supervisor or co-workers.
Fax: - Used to send documents which are in non-electronic format
Digital camera - Used to capture images in picture form/video conferencing.
Firewall - Used to prevent intrusion to the home computer because telecommuting involves connection to the internet.
(b)  Communication systems may fail/communication channel may fail.

•  The document sent may get lost due to sending to wrong address.
•  The documents may be re-used or updated.
•  Malfunctioning of either sending/ receiving computers (failure of DTE

(c)  Employer will only pay for work done.

•  The working time is not limited to official working hours/office available 24 hours.
•  Employer saves on office space.
• Does not have to pay for commuter allowance.
•  Employer may not require permanent employees.
•  Employer may outsource expert skills that are not available locally.

• In cc. all the recipients of the mail are able to see other recipients of the same mail.
• Bcc: In Bcc, all recipients of the mail are not able to see other recipients.

Facilitates mail creation.

• Facilitates reading mails.
• Facilitates sending mails
• Maintain a mailing list
• Keeping track of number of emails.
• Editing and composing mails.
• Advertising
• Creating email accounts/social networking list.
• Maintain contacts/address list.
• Deleting mails.

• SMTP, IMAP, POP3, MIME, HTIP

(i) Search-engine
It is a web-based application used to locate for an item or information from world wide web.

(ii) Peter intends to download a movie from the Internet. State the three factors that may determine the total time taken to complete the download. (3 marks)

Factors that affects duration of download

1. The size of the video
2. The band width of the media used
3. Availability of network
4. Other activities that may be running in the computer.
5. Other restrictions enforced in the computer
6. The restrictions by the ISP
7. Speed of computer

​(b) A school has set up its network using wireless technology to link computers. State three problems that the school is likely to experience when using this technology.
(c) List three ways by which parents can protect their children from accessing inappropriate content from the internet. 
(d) Explain three problems associated with using e-mail technology for communication.

(a) Surfing: Its the process of accessing /browsing/visiting internet resources like webpages.

• Uploading: Transferring files from a computer to a remote computer.
• Inbox: Folder/place in email system where incoming messages are stored/saved.

(b)  Slower than a wired network.

•  The network can be less stable, wireless reception may be impaired by other wireless and wired devices within the network.
•  Risk of outsider accessing the network.
•  Very difficult to configure.
•  Very hard to secure.
•  Very hard to trouble shoot.

(c)  Block in appropriate content/Firewall/Filter.

•  Set limits on downloads.
•  Monitor where children go online.
•  Counsel children eg. not talking to strangers online.
•  Supervise them.
•  Giving user accounts/passwords/log ins.

(d) - Threat to privacy.

• Organization “system admn”
• Can snoop into peoples mails.
•  Email can be unsolicited/spam mail.
• Messages can be sent to masses of people without their consents.
•  Vulnerability to machine failures.
•  Emails can be overwhelming when many messages are received leading to email overload and going through each of them can be taxing.
•  Email can be faked.
•  Email attached can be a source of viruses.
•  Email technology not available to all/Technology illiteracy.
•  Encourage illicit communication such as immoral behaviour

• Unique number/name/identification code assigned to a computer/network resource that identities a computer in a network

• Purpose: Uniquely identifies a computer in a network

•  .org - NGO’s, nonprofit making bodies
•  .gov- Government bodies

• A home page is the first (main) page on a website.

Define the following web related terms: Web browser, Hyperlink ,Hypertext document 
i) Web browser 
ii) Hyperlink 
iii) Hypertext document 
b) List six activities performed on the web 
c) An institution has ten stand alone computers
i) Suggest with reasons the most appropriate topology required to inter-connect the computers. 
ii) State the necessary steps required to connect the computers to the internet. 
d) Below is an email address:
Name the parts labeled:

• A
• B
• C

a) Define the following web related terms:
i) Web browser
A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. 
ii)Hyperlink
This is the clickable link in text or graphics on a Web page that takes you to another place on the same page, another page, or whole other site. 
iii) Hypertext document
A document usually web document (file) where the user interacts with the whole document using hyperlinks
b) List six activities performed on the web

•  Browsing for information
•  Communication via email and chat groups
•  Electronic commerce.
•  Advertising of goods and services.
•  Transfer of information thro' FTP

c) An institution has ten stand alone computers.
i) Suggest with reasons the most appropriate topology required to inter-connect the computers.
a) Bus
Reason: Easy to set up, Low cost in terms of cabling QR
b)Star
Reason: 
Speed of data transmission is high, Easy to troubleshoot via central hub or switch
ii) State the necessary steps required to connect the computers to the Internet.

•  Connect server to modem (router) and telephone/or use satellite dish/or radio
•  Get an ISP to configure the Internet protocol
•  Configure the rest of the computers to Internet access through a peer-to-peer configuration or a client-server configuration.

d) Below is an email address:
ggitau @moest. edu.ke
Name the parts labeled: 

• i)The local-part of the address/username
• ii)host name domain-part
• iii)generic (organizational) top level domain 
• iv)country code top level domain

​i) Name the network topologies labeled a, B, C and D. 
ii) Explain what happens if server X in topology A fails. 
iii) List two problems associated with network topology B. 
iv) List two disadvantages associated with network topology D.
b) Differentiate between Interment and World Wide Web: 
c) Describe the following network services and identify their applications.
i) Voice mail 
ii) Video conferencing

ANSWERS
i) Name the network topologies labeled A, B, C and
A  Tree/Hierarchy
B Ring 
C Bus/Multi drop 
D Star
ii) Explain what happens if server X in topology A fails. 
The terminal connected to X will be affected/stop communicating with the ret of the network
 iii) List two problems associated with network topology B. 
Difficult to trouble shoot "- Failure of one terminal results in network breakdown
Extra cost of extra NIC card.
iv) List two disadvantages associated with network topology D. 
Failure of central device/server results I total collapse of network
Extra cost of cabling as each terminal must be cabled separately to the hub.
b) Differentiate between Internet and World Wide Web. 
The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols.
The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data. Web services, which use IfTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share information. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video.
c) Describe the following network services and identify their  applications.
i) Voice mail                                                                  
Voicemail (or voice matt, voicemail or VMS, sometimes called message bank) is a centralized system of managing telephone messages for a large group of people. In its simplest form it mimics the functions of an answering machine, uses a standard telephone handset for the user interface, and uses a centralized, computerized system rather than equipment at the individual telephone.
Voicemail systems are much more sophisticated than answering machines in that they can:
 Answer many phones at the same time
 Store incoming voice messages in personalized mailboxes associated with the user's phone number
 Enable users to forward received messages to another voice mailbox
 send messages to one or more other user voice mailboxes
 Add a voice introduction to a forwarded message
Store voice messages for future delivery
 Make calls to a telephone or paging service to notify the user a message has arrived in his/her mailbox
 Transfer callers to another phone number for personal assistance
 Play different message greetings to different callers.
ii) Video conferencing.
A videoconference (also known as a video teleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called visual collaboration and is a type of groupware.​

b) An employee in a business company is charged with the responsibility of putting the company advertisements on the Internet.

• i) State the professional title of the employee. 
• ii) Give an example of software used by this employee to carry out the above task. 

ANSWERS

​(a) What is an internet service  provider?
A company that provides internet services. Connects users to the internet
(b) An employee in a business company is charged with the responsibility of putting the company advertisement on the internet
(i) State the professional title of the employee
 Web administrator, web designer
(ii) Give an example of software used by this employee to carry out the above task
HTML, Dream weaver, MS Front  Page