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​A computer diskette in drive A has folders for MEMOS for an administrator. Each of these folders is labelled according to the relevant months.

17/11/2021

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​A computer diskette in drive A has folders for MEMOS for an administrator. Each of these folders is labelled according to the relevant months. The secretary created the folders for each month’s memo for each of access. Study the table below 

A computer diskette in drive A has folders for MEMOS for an administrator. Each of these folders is labelled according to the relevant months. The secretary created the folders for each month’s memo for each of access. Study the table below
A computer diskette in drive A has folders for MEMOS for an administrator. Each of these folders is labelled according to the relevant months. The secretary created the folders for each month’s memo for each of access. Study the table below

(a) Assuming that the secondary was working from the diskette, draw the corresponding tree structure (6mks)   

Assuming that the secondary was working from the diskette, draw the corresponding tree structure

(b) (i) The secretary wanted to create a folder to store a memo in Fraud folder. State the path for that     folder. (2mks)

​ A:/MEMO2/Fraud

(ii) Suggest how the secretary can ensure that the work in that diskette is not spoilt. (1mk)

  • do not drop the diskette down
  • don’t put heavy objects on top 
  • don’t put near magnets
  • don’t remove from drive when still being read / written

​(iii) The content of the file is not viewed by any other person apart from her. (1mk)

​use of password

(c) (i) List any two devices under the control of the operating system. (2mks)

  • I/O 
  • CPU
  • memory
  • secondary storage
  • communication & ports

​(ii) Explain how each one of these devices are controlled by the OS - Operating System

Input/output devices and ports
In most cases, the operating system controls all data input and information output tasks. Because most input/output devices are slower than the processor, the operating system has to control the flow of data from the time of input to the time the user receives it as information. It ensures that the right data reaches the processor at the right time. The operating system also defines the various input/output ports found on the computer e.g. printer port.
​The processor
The processor is a scarce resource. It executes tasks called processes. At any one time several tasks may require processing hence creating competition. The operating system arranges the tasks according to priority and has the ability to stop a particular task to allow the processor to service another one.


​Main memory(RAM)
At any one given time so many tasks may require the memory so that they can be accessed and processed by the computer.However,because memory is also a scarce resource,the operating system determines which task will remain in memory awaiting for execution and which one will be sent back to secondary storage to wait.

Because the operating system is large and very important, it is usually installed on the hard disk but must be loaded to RAM during the booting process. Not all the operating system can fit in RAM so a small special part that contains the most necessary commands and procedures called the kernel is the one that is loaded.
Secondary storage devices
The operating system manages the storage and retrieval of data on secondary storage devices. It also utilizes the free space on hard disks to enhance the performance of the computer by temporarily holding tasks on it that were in RAM ready for processing but have to wait for sometime.
Communication devices and ports
Communication in this case refers to how the various devices and programs in and out of the computer system send and receive messages from one another and from the processor. The operating system controls the overall communication process between various tasks and computers. External communication can be achieved by connecting an external device to a communication port using a communication medium like cables or even wireless communication.



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​List four factors to be considered when purchasing an operating system

15/11/2021

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​List four factors to be considered when purchasing an operating system. (2mks)

  1. hardware configuration
  2. basic design of the computer e.g. IBM, APPLE
  3. applications intended for the computer
  4. user friendliness or HCI
  5. End User Licence Agreement (EULA) and other documentations
  6. Initial cost
  7. Maintenance cost
  8. Expandability/upgradeability 



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How does an operating system manage computer memory?

15/11/2021

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How does an operating system manage computer memory (2mks)

  1. organize the main memory into blocks of sizes called partitions
  2. assigns main memory storage partitions to data and instruction
  3. access to data is given using addressing the partition



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A school has been advised to employ a database administrator. State three responsibilities of this personnel in the school.

15/1/2021

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A school has been advised to employ a database administrator. State three responsibilities of this personnel in the school.

​(b) Explain two ways in which computers can be used in the transport industry. 
(c) Mary was advised to partition a hard disk for her computer. Explain two reasons that may have necessitated this. 
(d) Explain a reason for conducting each of the following studies in systems development:
(i) Schedule feasibility; 
(ii) Technical feasibility. 
RESPONSES
a) Possible responsibilities of a database admin in a school
  •  Carrying out school database backups.
  •  Recovering of lost school data incase of system failure.
  •  Ensuring the security and integrity of the school system.
  •  Adding new users to the school system and managing the user’s accounts.
  •  Designing and developing database application for the school.
  •  Updating or maintaining database for the school.
b) Ways in which computers can be used in a transport industry.
  •  Use of GPS to track vehicles, flights etc.
  •  Bookings to different destinations can be done through the use of computers ( online booking).
  •  The computers can also be used to reduce the speed of vehicles and bring sanity in the industry.
  •  Managing human resource involved in the industry.
c) Reasons for partitioning hard disk
  •  For security purposes, incase one partition fails the second partition remains functional.
  •  If she requires backup copies to be stored in the same hard disk.
  •  If she intends to install more than one operating system.
d) (I Schedule feasibility
  •  To determine if the proposed solution can be developed within the required time.
(ii) Technical feasibility
  •  To determine if the system can be supported by the available technology.
​(b) Explain two ways in which computers can be used in the transport industry. (c) Mary was advised to partition a hard disk for her computer. Explain two reasons that may have necessitated this. (d) Explain a reason for conducting each of the following studies in systems development: (i) Schedule feasibility; (ii) Technical feasibility.

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The C directory of a computer has folders named Form 1, Form 2,Form 3 and Form 4. Each class has students' folders named according to their admission number. The students created their own folder for subjects they are studying based on the table shown be

12/1/2021

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The C directory of a computer has folders named Form 1, Form 2,Form 3 and Form 4. Each class has students' folders named according to their admission number. The students created their own folder for subjects they are studying based on the table shown below:
Picture
(a) A form four student intends to create a folder named proj to store project documents.
State the path for the project folder. 
  •  C:\FORM4\STUDNO\ADB\PROJECT
(b) Suggest how the student can ensure that:
(i) work is not lost in case the hard disk fails; 
  •  Keep backup copies of the project on offline secondary storage media.
(ii) the project is not copied by other students. 
  •  Use passwords for opening and modifying the project

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State the meaning of the term disk defragmentation as used in computers.

10/1/2021

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State the meaning of the term disk defragmentation as used in computers.

  • The process of rewriting parts of a file to contiguous sectors on a disk.

State the purpose of disk defragmentation. 

  •  to increase the speed of access and retrieval of files.
  •  to increase space on the disk space
State the meaning of the term disk defragmentation as used in computers.

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State three functions of networking operating systems other than providing network security.

10/1/2021

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State three functions of networking operating systems other than providing network security.

​(b) Explain three ways in which an operating system provides data security in a computer system. 
(c) Explain three circumstances under which observation method may be preferred during data collection. 
(a) Functions of network operating systems
  •  Provide access to network resources;
  •  Supporting network services like protocols;
  •  Support communication;
  •  Respond to requests from applications;
(b) Ways in which an operating system provides data security
  •  Access control: Deals with the problem of verifying /authenticating the identity of a user before permitting access to the request resource (e.g. use of passwords, user account);
  •  Encryption - Transforming data into an unreadable format so that they are safely transmitted;
  •  Firewalls - Filters out unwanted data and programs/criminals/hackers/malicious persons;
  •  Log files - A means by which transactions in a computer system can be recorded thereby deterring potential infiltrators;
  •  Alerts - Alerting a user when he/she is about to delete a file/folder.
(c)Preference of observation during data collection
  •  When the subjects that are being observed need not be made aware of the fact;
  •  When there is need to directly see what subjects do rather than rely on what they tell you;
  •  When there is need to collect data without interfering with the working of the subjects;
  •  When nature of data can only be collected via observation e.g. traffic flow;
  •  When collecting data in situation that subjects may be unwilling to give information.
​(b) Explain three ways in which an operating system provides data security in a computer system. (c) Explain three circumstances under which observation method may be preferred during data collection.

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A computer technician found it necessary to disable a firewall when working on a computer system. State two reasons that may have necessitated disabling of the firewall.

8/1/2021

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A computer technician found it necessary to disable a firewall when working on a computer system. State two reasons that may have necessitated disabling of the firewall.

When firewall is disabled
  •  Testing the communication link;
  •  When upgrading the firewall;
  •  When there is a need to install an application and the firewall is preventing the operation;
  •  When the firewall prevents legitimate communication. 
A computer technician found it necessary to disable a firewall when working on a computer system. State two reasons that may have necessitated disabling of the firewall.

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List six file manipulation activities that may be carried out using an operating system.

7/1/2021

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List six file manipulation activities that may be carried out using an operating system.

File manipulation activities- creation of files/folders
  1.  deletion of files/folders
  2.  moving of files/folders/drop/drag/cut & paste
  3.  copying of files/folders
  4.  viewing of files/folders
  5.  editing of files/folders
  6.  sorting of fi les/fo lders
  7.  renaming of files/folders
  8.  Hiding of files/folders
List six file manipulation activities that may be carried out using an operating system.

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Explain three features of a graphical user interface as used in computers.

7/1/2021

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​A) Explain three features of a graphical user interface as used in computers. (6 marks)

  • Windows — a rectangular area on the screen where the commonly use application run.
  •  Icons — A picture or symbol which is used to represent a software application or hardware device.
  •  Menus —a list of options from which the user can choose what that they require.
  •  Pointer - a symbol such as arrow which moves around the screen as the user move the mouse.

B) ​State the function of each of the following computer keyboard keys:

​(i) Caps Lock (1 mark)
(ii) Shift (1 mark)
(iii) Home (1 mark)
(i) Function of Caps lock
- It’s a toggle key when ON, the characters typed are in uppercase when OFF, the characters typed are in lower case. 
(ii) Shift key
- Used to enable uppercase letter to be printed when alphanumeric keys are pressed. 
- Used with other keys to modify behavior/function key.
(iii) Home key
- Used to take the cursor to the beginning of the line in a word processor. 
- Evidence of movement of the cursor.

C) Using two complement notation, determine the value of the operation 2510 — 2910 (6 marks)

C) Using two complement notation, determine the value of the operation 25 -- 29 (6 marks)

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​State three factors to consider when selecting an operating system to install in a computer.

7/1/2021

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​State three factors to consider when selecting an operating system to install in a computer. (3 marks)

  •  The hardware configuration of a computer
  •  The type of computer in terms of size and make
  •  User friendliness of the operating
  •  Number of users it can support
  •  Number of processors and hardware it can support
  •  Reliability and security provided by the OS.
Picture

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Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.

6/1/2021

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Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.

Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.

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A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

6/1/2021

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A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

  1. Possible causes of Hard disk blinking.
  2.  Virus executing itself.
  3.  Updating of some software applications.
  4.  Network access taking place.
A computer is idle but the hard disk light is blinking, indicating some activity. State two possible causes of this.

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Explain the importance of disk partitioning.

6/1/2021

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Explain the importance of disk partitioning.

Importance of disk partitioning.
  • Disk partitioning enhances logical management of files since files can be grouped into partitions based on their roles.
  •  Enhances disk maintenance since partitions can be formatted, deleted or modified individually without affecting files stored in other partitions.
  •  Partitioning helps in virus management. This is done by keeping system files in one partition with limited access rights. Viruses would therefore lack access to the system files.
  •  Enables installation of more than one operation system. 

​Differentiate between pull-down menu and pop-up menu as used in Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems.

 Difference between pull-down and pop-up menus
  • A pull-down menu is a list of commands that appears as a list from the menu bar going
  • down which is invoked by the click or alt key whereas a pop-up menu is a list that
  • appears anywhere on the screen when there is a click.
Explain the importance of disk partitioning.​Differentiate between pull-down menu and pop-up menu as used in Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems.

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What is meant by disk defragmentation?

5/1/2021

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What is meant by disk defragmentation?

  • The process of rewriting parts of a file to contiguous sectors on a disk.

(b) State the purpose of disk defragmentation. 

  • Purpose - to increase the speed of access and retrieval of files.
  • To increase space on the disk space
What is meant by disk defragmentation?

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