Computer studies analysis of questions and answers

List four areas that would be considered in the requirement specification.

18/11/2021

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(a) List and describe four strategies for converting from an old system to a new system. (4mks)

Direct approach
user simply stops using old system and starts using the new one
Parallel approach
old and new system are operated side by side until the new system has shown it is reliable
Phased approach
parts of a new system are phased in separately either at different times or all at one in groups
Pilot approach
entire system is tried out but only by some users

(b) (i) Distinguish between private data and confidential data (2mks)

Private data
belongs to an individual and must be accessed through direct permission from the owner
Confidential data
held by government or organization about people but can be seen by authorized people only.

(ii) What can be done to stop illegal access to a computer laboratory by unauthorized people (3mks)

fit strong metallic grills and locks to doors
don’t welcome strangers into the lab
install alarms
employ guards
burglar proof

(c) (i) List four areas that would be considered in the requirement specification. (4mks)

output specification
in put specification
file /data/tables
hard ware/soft ware

(ii) Name any two areas covered in feasibility report during system analysis and design. (2mks)

Lost benefit analyst
Schedule
Users
Environment
Technology

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Explain three functions of an information system in an organisation.

15/1/2021

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Explain three functions of an information system in an organisation.

(b) Explain two benefits that a company would gain from using batch processing method for data processing

(c) (i) Convert the number 11101.1 1₂ to its decimal equivalent.
(ii) Perform the following binary operation 11011₂ + 101₂

RESPONSES

a) Functions of information system in an organization.

Process data in an organization according to the policies and objectives.
Decision making by providing information that helps with strategic planning within the organization.
Means of communication and flow of information to various sections of an organization / enable sharing of information.
Improving quality of production, through the use of feedback mechanisms for counter checking the production with expected results.

(b)Benefits of using batch processing.

Output is increased because the processor work is uninterrupted.
Low cost of operation since the tasks are processed as a group.
Requires little supervision since the processing runs automatically as long as the instructions is given.
Less labour required since the process is automatic.
Efficient use of computer resources due to no idle time.
Gives company opportunity to check any error before processing begins.

(c) (i) Convert the number 11101.1 12 to its decimal equivalent. (ii) Perform the following binary operation 110112 + 1012

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A school has been advised to employ a database administrator. State three responsibilities of this personnel in the school.

15/1/2021

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A school has been advised to employ a database administrator. State three responsibilities of this personnel in the school.

(b) Explain two ways in which computers can be used in the transport industry.
(c) Mary was advised to partition a hard disk for her computer. Explain two reasons that may have necessitated this.
(d) Explain a reason for conducting each of the following studies in systems development:
(i) Schedule feasibility;
(ii) Technical feasibility.

RESPONSES

a) Possible responsibilities of a database admin in a school

Carrying out school database backups.
Recovering of lost school data incase of system failure.
Ensuring the security and integrity of the school system.
Adding new users to the school system and managing the user’s accounts.
Designing and developing database application for the school.
Updating or maintaining database for the school.

b) Ways in which computers can be used in a transport industry.

Use of GPS to track vehicles, flights etc.
Bookings to different destinations can be done through the use of computers ( online booking).
The computers can also be used to reduce the speed of vehicles and bring sanity in the industry.
Managing human resource involved in the industry.

c) Reasons for partitioning hard disk

For security purposes, incase one partition fails the second partition remains functional.
If she requires backup copies to be stored in the same hard disk.
If she intends to install more than one operating system.

d) (I Schedule feasibility

To determine if the proposed solution can be developed within the required time.

(ii) Technical feasibility

To determine if the system can be supported by the available technology.

(b) Explain two ways in which computers can be used in the transport industry. (c) Mary was advised to partition a hard disk for her computer. Explain two reasons that may have necessitated this. (d) Explain a reason for conducting each of the following studies in systems development: (i) Schedule feasibility; (ii) Technical feasibility.

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Describe three arithmetic errors that may occur during computerised data processing.

15/1/2021

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Describe three arithmetic errors that may occur during computerised data processing.

(b) Arnold a programmer intends to create a user input interface screen for a system. State three factors that he should consider.
(c)With the aid of an example in each case describe the following types of maintenance.
(i) adaptive;
(ii) perfective;
(iii) corrective.

RESPONSES

a) Arithmetic errors
Truncation error

Results due, to shortening or leaving out part of a number or a word.
Rounding off error
Arising by approximating a number by replacing it with a number that has fewer significant digits or one with zeros for its ending digits.

Overflow error

Occurs when the results of a computation is larger than the allocated memory space.

Underflow error

Type of error occurs when the output is low small to be represented in the chosen format.

b) User interface design considerations

Should be user friendly.
Colour, fonts and layout should be appealing to the user.
Consider a consistent layout in the entire system.
Should prompt user clearly.
Should capture the same number of items of date as indicated in the manual data capture form.

(c)Types of maintenance
(i) Adaptive

Type of maintenance that is done to make the system to adopt the changing technology e.g. changing the system because to new ois

(ii) Perfective

Type of maintenance done to make the system better in its operation e.g. adding a module in a system.

(iii) Corrective

Type of maintenance done to correct an error in the system e.g.wrong results during addition.

a) Arithmetic errors Truncation error Results due, to shortening or leaving out part of a number or a word. Rounding off error Arising by approximating a number by replacing it with a number that has fewer significant digits or one with zeros for its ending digits. Overflow error Occurs when the results of a computation is larger than the allocated memory space. Underflow error Type of error occurs when the output is low small to be represented in the chosen format. b) User interface design considerations Should be user friendly. Colour, fonts and layout should be appealing to the user. Consider a consistent layout in the entire system. Should prompt user clearly. Should capture the same number of items of date as indicated in the manual data capture form. (c)Types of maintenance (i) Adaptive Type of maintenance that is done to make the system to adopt the changing technology e.g. changing the system because to new ois (ii) Perfective Type of maintenance done to make the system better in its operation e.g. adding a module in a system. (iii) Corrective Type of maintenance done to correct an error in the system e.g.wrong results during addition.

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An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

12/1/2021

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An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

(a) Name this implementation strategy;

The implementation strategy is: - phased change-over/modular

(b)Give two reasons why the organisation is opting to use the implementation strategy in (a) above.

It gives employees opportunity to learn
Organization can revert to old system in case of failure.
Reduces resistance by employees.

(c) A manager wishes to replace the current manual system with a computerised one. Describe three main areas that must be evaluated to justify the replacement.
Technical feasibility:

Does' the current technology (hardware & software) allow.

Economic feasibility:

Are funds available?

Social feasibility:

How will the new system impact on the organization/society?

An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

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Explain two uses of a system documentation in system development.

8/1/2021

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Explain two uses of a system documentation in system development.

Uses of system documentation

Technical manual referred to during system maintenance;
User training: it has details of how the system works and used hence used for training new users;
System progress: the document assists in the tracking of flow from one stage to the next;
User guide that helps a system user to solve problems since the document outlines how the system is operated and the errors that are likely to occur/installing programs.

Explain two uses of a system documentation in system development.

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With the aid of a diagram. describe time sharing mode as used in computer data processing.

7/1/2021

1 Comment

With the aid of a diagram. describe time sharing mode as used in computer data processing.

(b) A company’s management has opted to use computers to process data. State four factors that the management needs to consider when selecting the company data processing mode.
(c) Explain the purpose of each of the following in system documentation:
(î) user manual;
(ii) sample data:
(iii) table descriptions.

RESPONSES

(a) Time-sharing mode
This is a processing mode in which a central processor serves two or more users with different requirements. The processor time is divided equally
among the tasks in the queue. A user whose task requirements are more than is apportioned is send back to the queue. For example, four jobs requiring times t1, t2, t3 and t4 to complete is apportioned equal time in each round until when they are done.

With the aid of a diagram. describe time sharing mode as used in computer data processing.

(b) Factors to consider when selecting data processing mode

The optimisation of processing time;
The time factor required for decision arising from the processed data;
The ease of development, use and maintenance;
The control over the resources e.g. files, I/O devices e.t.c;
The need for the shared resources among several users who may afford purchasing their own facilities as in time sharing configuration;
The volume of work involved;
The cost of acquiring the relevant hardware. software. media e .t .c and the cost of maintenance;
The nature of the task to be processed.

It is a documentation whose purpose is to help a user to use the system with little guidance.

(ii) Purpose of sample data

Before the system is implemented, it has to be confirmed that it is functional. Sample data is meant to be used to test whether the system is giving desired output.

(iii) Purpose of table descriptions

They are details of table structures that the system will require for the purpose of designing the actual tables.

1 Comment

Identify each of the following symbols as used in a system flowchart.

7/1/2021

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Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.

Identify each of the following symbols as used in a system flowchart.

(a) Report or documentation
(b )Disk/master file/database

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Distinguish between Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) and Computer Aided Learning (CAL).

7/1/2021

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a) Distinguish between Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) and Computer Aided Learning (CAL). (4 marks)

Computer aided instruction is an interactive instructional technique/drill and practice whereby a computer is used to present the instructional material and monitor the learning that takes place. Computer aided learning is the use of computers to aid in the education or training.

b)(i) State four activities that may be carried out when disposing off an old system in an organization. (4 marks)

Confidential information must be removed/Backup.
All accounts or access control facilities associated with the equipment must be destroyed.
Installation of the new system.
All potential clues such as configuration settings must be destroyed
Storage devices which had sensitive information should be destroyed.
The equipment to be disposed in proper manner.

ii) State four ways of getting user specifications during systems design. (4 marks)

Sampling of existing documents
Conduct research and visits the sites
Observation of work environment
Use questionnaires
Conduct interviews
Use prototyping approach
Use Joint Requirement Planning (JRP)
Automated method

a) Distinguish between Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) and Computer Aided Learning (CAL). (4 marks)

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State four outcomes that may result from using incorrect requirement specifications during systems development.

7/1/2021

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A) State four outcomes that may result from using incorrect requirement specifications during systems development. (4 marks)

The system will be delivered later than schedule
The system will not meet the user’s expectation
The cost of maintaining and enhancing the system may be excessively high.
The system may be unreliable and prone to errors and downtime.
The system will not meet legal requirements.

B) A school opted to use direct change over approach when installing a new system.
Explain three challenges that the school may face as a result of this approach. (6 marks)

If something went wrong in the new system, there will be no fall back has the business has to stall till the problem is sorted.
There will be a period of time where no system is available because the old one is switched off and the new one is being switched on.
There will be a period of upheaval while the system is brand new and the school staff are finding their way around it.
There is a possibility of sabotage by staff since there is no time to monitor and manage resistance to the new system.

C) State three reasons that may lead an organization to install an intranet. (3 marks)

Used to isolate the organizational resources from the internet/security.
Used to provide communication and collaboration among individual within the control.
Used to publish and share valuable information among the users easily, inexpensively and effectively via portals and intranet website/resource sharing.
Used to run critical applications that support business decision making.
Distributed processing facilities.
Cost Effectiveness.
Protects signal distortion.
Protects signal inteferance.

D) The figure below shows a coaxial cable. State the function of the part labelled A. (2 marks)

Used for blocking electromagnetic fields from entering the cable and producing noise.
Provides insulation.

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An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

6/1/2021

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An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

(a) Name this implementation strategy.

The implementation strategy is:

phased change-over/modular

(b) Give two reasons why the organisation is opting to use the implementation strategy in (a) above.

Reasons for partial approach.

It gives employees opportunity to learn
Organization can revert to old system in case of failure.
Reduces resistance by employees.

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What is an information system?

5/1/2021

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What is an information system?

(a) (i) What is an information system?
(ii) State two roles of an information system.
(b) Describe the following file organisation methods:
(i) random file organisation;
(ii) sequential file organisation.
(c)The following records were extracted from two files that contained student data.

(i) Which of the two files above represents a Transaction file?
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in c(i) above.
(iii) Name the other type of file represented above.
(d)An airline uses an information system whereby if a passenger at station A books a plane seat,this transaction is immediately shown at stations A and B such that no other passenger can book the same seat.
(i) Identify this data processing mode.
(ii) State two advantages and two disadvantages of this data processing mode.

RESPONSES

(a)(i) Information system is an arrangement of people, data, processes, communication and IT that interact to support problem solving.
(ii) Improve day-to-day operation

Support problem solving
Support decision making needs for management
Data capture
Processing data into information
Data security
Storing of data/information

(b) (i) Stored and retrieved according to their disk address which is generated by use of an algorithm or formula i.e. stored randomly, accessed randomly.
(ii) Method of storing or retrieving information that requires the program to start reading at the beginning and continue until it finds the desired data.
(c) (i) File B.
(ii) Transaction file: It contains data which is regularly added.
Has data/fee payment .
(iii) Master File: It contains records that do not change regularly like in file A.

(d) (i) Real time processing.
(ii) Advantages

Information is readily available for instant, decision making.
Updating is done instantly when transaction occurs.
Auditing is easier.
It is accurate
Prevent double booking

Disadvantages

Complex - difficult to configure/set up.
Expensive to acquire and maintain.
Errors that occur are difficult to correct

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State two roles of a programmer in system development life cycle.

5/1/2021

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State two roles of a programmer in system development life cycle.

Coding/writing/constructing (building) the system.
Turning system specification into an information system.
Modify existing programs to meet changes in information processing needs (maintenance) .
Implementing/installing a system
Testing a new system
Developing system/program
Documenting/giving technical guide

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State the stage of system development life cycle in which each of the following activities take place:

5/1/2021

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State the stage of system development life cycle in which each of the following activities take place:

(a) determination of the cost-effectiveness of a system;

Preliminary investigation/requirements specifications/feasibility

(b) interviews;

Requirement analysis/fact finding/data gathering/information gathering and maintenance

(c) replacement of an old system with a new one.

Implementation stage and maintenance

State the stage of system development life cycle in which each of the following activities take place:

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State four activities of the planning stage of systems development

4/1/2021

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(a) State four activities of the planning stage of systems development. (4 marks)

Activities at the planning stages

Identify opportunity for the new project.
Analyse feasibility to establish the viability of the project.
Develop a work plan.
Identify appropriate staff to work in the project.
Control and direct the project.

State four activities of the planning stage of systems development

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State a stage in systems development life cycle where each of the following activities are carried out:

4/1/2021

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State a stage in systems development life cycle where each of the following activities are carried out:

(a) indenting the technologies that may be used in a proposed system; (1 mark)
System analysis/information gathering/problem recognition

(b) indenting shortcomings of a system; (1 mark)
Problem definition

(c) preparing the system migration plan. (I mark)
Implementation stage

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Explain three reasons why an organization may need to change to a new computerised system.

4/1/2021

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Explain three reasons why an organization may need to change to a new computerised system.

(b) State why each of the following is important in system documentation.

(i) sample data;
(ii) output reports.

(i) manual:
(ii) electronic.

(d)A teacher manages students’ records by storing daily attendance information in a tile called register and students’ personal records such as year of birth and home address in a file called students.
(i) Identify the types of computer files named above.
(ii) Give a characteristic of data held in each file.
(iii) Name the field that should be used to link the two files.

(a) Current system may be experiencing problems thereby being unable to meet organisation requirements.
New directives may be received from authorities and the organisation must comply.
Changes in the operating environment forces the organisation to change in order to fit and continue in business. e.g. competition.
Changes in technology requiring the upgrading or total change in the existing system.
Peer pressure need to remain fashion
(b) (i) Sample data should be provided so that all modules can be tested.
(ii) Output reports show that the system actually works/testing process/expected output..
(c) (i) Manual: Manual files stored in cabinets/books/paper/in-tray/out-tray.
(ii) Electronic: Secondary storage devices/individual storage devices e.g. Flash.
(d) (i) Student: Master file/Parent/Reference File/Primary.
Register: Transaction file/Child table/Secondary.
(ii) Master file: Data is static/Permanent/Semi-permanent.
Transaction file: Data is dynamic/Temporary/Changes frequently
(iii) Key field: Student number/Admission No/Reg. No/File No.

Explain three reasons why an organization may need to change to a new computerised system.

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The following are some of the phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC): system analysis, system design, system implementation, system review and maintenance. State four activities that are carried out during the system implementation phase.

3/1/2021

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The following are some of the phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC): system analysis, system design, system implementation, system review and maintenance. State four activities that are carried out during the system implementation phase.

(b) Give three reasons why system maintenance phase is necessary in SDLC.
(c) State two instances where observation is not a viable method of gathering information during system analysis stage.
(d) Various considerations should be made during input design and output design.

State two considerations for each case.

Input design.
Onput design.

(e) State two reasons why an organisation may use other strategies of software acquisition other than developing their own.

RESPONSES

(a)(i) Activities (system implementation)

File conversion system change over.
Training, construction, installation.

(ii) System construction stage.

Coding
Module testing

(b)System maintenance stage is necessary

Correct the errors that may have escaped during the design.
To meet the changes in technology.
Changes in government policy. ‘
Changes in operating environment e.g. the system evolving (e.g . when a, newer version of software is released).

(c)Observation not viable method of gathering information:

Distance = when data is to be collected from a far place. if the people to be observed must be aware that they are being observed.
When the situation is risky for the observer.

(d)Input design:

Data capture method.
Input interface, between user and the system e.g. form.
Volume of input.
Frequency of input.
Output design
Form of output designed e.g. hard/soft copy.
Output layout.
Purpose of output.

(e)Other strategies other than system construction:

Constrained by time.
Constrained by cost
Constrained by human resource.
Legal requirements.

The following are some of the phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC): system analysis, system design, system implementation, system review and maintenance. State four activities that are carried out during the system implementation phase.

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Explain the following terms as used in desktop publishing, Embedded object and Auto flow

31/12/2020

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Explain the following terms as used in desktop publishing, Embedded object and Auto flow

a) Embedded object: a separate object/image/graphic/clip imported into the file permanently
b) Autoflow: Facility that allows text/cursor to flow automatically from one text box to the next when the first text is full.

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Briefly explain the purpose of the following types of program documentation

31/12/2020

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Briefly explain the purpose of the following types of program documentation

(a) User manual

Manuals provided for an end user to enable him/ her learn how to use the software.
Provides examples to take the user through the stages of various tasks

(b) Reference guide

Provides detailed information to a user who already knows how to use the software but wants to know a particular point or more information about a particular feature in detail.

(c) Quick reference guide

A single sheet or card, small enough to fit a pocket, which the user may keep handy for help with common tasks carried out with the software.

0 Comments

State two purposes of the maintenance phase of the system development life cycle.

31/12/2020

0 Comments

State two purposes of the maintenance phase of the system development life cycle.

Improving system efficiency /system upgrading.
Adapting the system to its environment/New requirement.
Correcting errors.

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A manager wishes to replace the current manual system with a computerized one

30/12/2020

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A manager wishes to replace the current manual system with a computerized one

a) Describe three main areas that must be evaluated to justify the replacement
b) List the three areas that would be considered in the requirements specifications.
c) State and explain three ways that can be followed to replace the current system

A manager wishes to replace the ctirrent manual system with a computerized one
a) Describe three main areas that must be .evaluated to justify the replacement.

Technical feasibility: Does the current technology (hardware & software) allow.
Economic feasibility: Are funds available?
Social feasibility: How will the new system impact on the organization/society?

b) List the three areas that would be considered in the requirements specifications.

Users specifications
Software specifications
Hardware Specifications
Organizational integration specifications

c) State and explain three ways that can be followed to replace the current system.

Running in parallel: New system runs along side the old one until the old one is discarded -
Cut-over: New system replaces the old one instantly.
Phased: New system is implemented in phases.
Pilot sites: New system is tested on pilot sites then whole organization.

A manager wishes to replace the current manual system with a computerized one

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Suppose an element array A contains the values 9, 12, 17, 7 and 20. Find the value in A after executing the loop below:

29/12/2020

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Suppose an element array A contains the values 9, 12, 17, 7 and 20. Find the value in A after executing the loop below:

Repeat for k= 1 to 4
Set A {k + 1} = A {k}
{End of loop}
First time A {2}: = 9
Second time A {3}: = 9
Third Time A {4}:= 9
Fourth time A {5}: = 9

0 Comments

List two methods of gathering information during system development process.

29/12/2020

0 Comments

List two methods of gathering information during system development process.

Observations
Interviews
Automatic data capture
Studying reports

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Atika School Provides Computer studies questions and answers for KCSE preparations and Computer Science for CBC.

​(a) List and describe four strategies for converting from an old system to a new system. (4mks)

(b) (i) Distinguish between private data and confidential data (2mks)

(ii) What can be done to stop illegal access to a computer laboratory by unauthorized people (3mks)

​(c) (i) List four areas that would be considered in the requirement specification. (4mks)

​(ii) Name any two areas covered in feasibility report during system analysis and design. (2mks)

Explain three functions of an information system in an organisation.

A school has been advised to employ a database administrator. State three responsibilities of this personnel in the school.

Describe three arithmetic errors that may occur during computerised data processing.

An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

Explain two uses of a system documentation in system development.

With the aid of a diagram. describe time sharing mode as used in computer data processing.

Give two differences between a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a Commandline Interface.

​a) Distinguish between Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) and Computer Aided Learning (CAL). (4 marks)

b)(i) State four activities that may be carried out when disposing off an old system in an organization. (4 marks)

​ii) State four ways of getting user specifications during systems design. (4 marks)

​A) State four outcomes that may result from using incorrect requirement specifications during systems development. (4 marks)

B) A school opted to use direct change over approach when installing a new system.​ Explain three challenges that the school may face as a result of this approach. (6 marks)

​C) State three reasons that may lead an organization to install an intranet. (3 marks)

​D) The figure below shows a coaxial cable. State the function of the part labelled A. (2 marks)

An organisation intends to replace an existing system by carrying out the process in stages.

(a) Name this implementation strategy.

​(b) Give two reasons why the organisation is opting to use the implementation strategy in (a) above.

What is an information system?

RESPONSES

State two roles of a programmer in system development life cycle.

State the stage of system development life cycle in which each of the following activities take place:

(a) determination of the cost-effectiveness of a system;

(b) interviews;

​(c) replacement of an old system with a new one.

​​(a) State four activities of the planning stage of systems development. (4 marks)

​State a stage in systems development life cycle where each of the following activities are carried out:

Explain three reasons why an organization may need to change to a new computerised system.

The following are some of the phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC): system analysis, system design, system implementation, system review and maintenance. State four activities that are carried out during the system implementation phase.

Explain the following terms as used in desktop publishing, Embedded object and Auto flow

​Briefly explain the purpose of the following types of program documentation

State two purposes of the maintenance phase of the system development life cycle.

A manager wishes to replace the current manual system with a computerized one

​Suppose an element array A contains the values 9, 12, 17, 7 and 20. Find the value in A after executing the loop below:

List two methods of gathering information during system development process.

Categories

Archives

(a) List and describe four strategies for converting from an old system to a new system. (4mks)

(c) (i) List four areas that would be considered in the requirement specification. (4mks)

(ii) Name any two areas covered in feasibility report during system analysis and design. (2mks)

a) Distinguish between Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) and Computer Aided Learning (CAL). (4 marks)

ii) State four ways of getting user specifications during systems design. (4 marks)

A) State four outcomes that may result from using incorrect requirement specifications during systems development. (4 marks)

B) A school opted to use direct change over approach when installing a new system.
Explain three challenges that the school may face as a result of this approach. (6 marks)

C) State three reasons that may lead an organization to install an intranet. (3 marks)

D) The figure below shows a coaxial cable. State the function of the part labelled A. (2 marks)

(b) Give two reasons why the organisation is opting to use the implementation strategy in (a) above.

(c) replacement of an old system with a new one.

(a) State four activities of the planning stage of systems development. (4 marks)

State a stage in systems development life cycle where each of the following activities are carried out:

Briefly explain the purpose of the following types of program documentation

Suppose an element array A contains the values 9, 12, 17, 7 and 20. Find the value in A after executing the loop below: