Explain circumstances which may force the government to limit the and freedom of the individual

26/10/2020

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Circumstances which may force the government to limit the and freedom of the individual

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One can be denied the right to life if one is convicted of murder in a court of law or caught in the act of robbery with violence.
If suspected to be planning to commit a crime one is denied their personal liberty/ freedom of movement.
One can be denied freedom to own property if the government wishes to development public utilities in the area but compensation must be paid.
One’s freedom of worship can be limited if one uses it to undermine the government or create disunity.
One’s freedom of assembly can be limited if it poses a threat to the state.
One’s freedom of speech may be limited if one publishes false accusations about another person or the state or incite people against the government.
One’s freedom of movement can be limited if internal security is threatened.
If one is not of sound mind one can be taken to a mental hospital by the police for confinement and treatment.
If one has an infectious disease can be denied one’s personal liberty.
If one has not attained the stage of maturity one is considered a minor and their decisions are made on their behalf by adult members of society.

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Give two limitations of using written records as a source of African History

26/10/2020

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Limitations of using written records as a source of African History

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Most of the written records on African History were by foreigners who built their biases in the records.
Some written records on African History contain inaccurate information
Some of the records are not reality available for case of reference
Written records are limited only to those who can read and write.

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Describe the main provisions of the independence constitution of Kenya

26/10/2020

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Main provisions of the independence constitution of Kenya

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The independence constitution provided for a regional/ Majimbo government. Each region had a regional assembly and president.
A bicameral parliament consisting of the senate and House of representative/ upper and lower House.
The prime minister by the Government and the queen the head of State represented by the government.
The Bill of rights which protected the individual interests.

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Name two houses of the British parliament

5/12/2018

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Two houses of the British parliament

Houses of commons

Members of the Commons (MPs) debate the big political issues of the day and proposals for new laws. It is one of the key places where government ministers, like the Prime Minister and the Chancellor, and the principal figures of the main political parties, work.

Houses of the Lord

The House of Lords is the second chamber of the UK Parliament. It is independent from, and complements the work of, the elected House of Commons. The Lords shares the task of making and shaping laws and checking and challenging the work of the government.

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Why was the Economic Community of western African States (ECOWAS) formed?

5/12/2018

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Why the Economic Community of western African States (ECOWAS) was formed.

To promote economic co-operation among West African states.
Promote unity and solidarity among member’s states.
Lack of funds to facilitate implementation of O.A.U activities as some of the member states do not remit their subscription regularly.
Lack of an army to enforce decisions of the organization especially on critical and urgent issues.
Interference by foreign powers/governments in some of the activities undertaken by the organizations.
Divided loyalty- member for other international organizations by some member states e.g. the Commonwealth.
Political instability and the resulting refugee problems make it difficult for the organization to operate effectively.
Attachment to former colonial masters by some member states for instance former French colonies look up for France for assistance.
Existence of basic problems within member states which require immediate attention e.g. famine, drought and disease.

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What were the difference between the British policy of indirect rule and the French policy of assimilation

5/12/2018

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The difference between the British policy of indirect rule and the French policy of assimilation

French colonies were ruled as provinces of France, British colonies were treated as separate political entities under the rule of the government –on behalf of the British government.
the French used assimilated Africans in their administration, the British used traditional chiefs.
French colonies elected their representative to the chamber of Dupulivi in France.
British colonies were not represented in the House of Commons as they had their Legislative Councils.
Laws used in French colonies were made in France, while in British colonies laws were made by the respective Legislative Councils.
In the French colonies, assimilated Africans became French citizens with full rights while those in the British colonies remained subjects.

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COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION

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Explain why Fredrick Lugard used the policy of indirect rule to administer Northern Nigeria.

5/12/2018

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Why Fredrick Lugard used the policy of indirect rule to administer Northern Nigeria

The existence of well established and centralized system of government in the region – i.e. the Sokoto Caliphate
Use of the sharia (Islamic law) in the Sokoto Caliphate provided a base to be used to govern the protectorate.
To win the confidence and the support of all the people by giving them the impression that they were still under the governance of their leaders.
Inadequate funds to facilitate administrative expenses of the protectorate.
success already realized in using the policy elsewhere within the Empire e.g. in Uganda and India gave Lugard the confidence to try it in Nigeria
Poor communication network making it difficult for British officials to effectively administer different parts of the country.

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COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION

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Give two ways through which the attainment of independence in Ghana contributed to the liberation of other African countries from colonial rule.

2/12/2018

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Ways through which the attainment of independence in Ghana contributed to the liberation of other African countries from colonial rule

Motivated other African countries to strengthen their independence struggle
Nkrumah became more vocal in agitating fore the course of other nationalists
Ghana played a leading role in the formation of the O.A.U which was instrumental in the liberation of other states.
Ghana gave financial and material support to African liberation movements
Ghana allowed some African nationalists to establish their military bases in the country.

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State two government policies which have contributed to industrialization in India

2/12/2018

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Government policies which have contributed to industrialization in India

Promotion of technical and scientific education
Development of heavy industries by the state government plans.
Emphasis on industrialization in the five year development.
Encouragement of foreign investment in the country.
Restriction on improved goods

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Emergence of selected world industrial powers

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State the main reason why Samori Toure fought the French

2/12/2018

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Main reason why Samori Toure fought the French

To preserve the independence of the Mandinka kingdom/ empire
To stop French colonization

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CHAPTER 16: European invasion of Africa and the process of colonization

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State two functions of the Lukiko of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period.

2/12/2018

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Functions of the Lukiko of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period

The Lukiko advised the Kabaka
Assisted the Kabaka to administer the kingdom
Made the laws of the kingdom
It acted as the Court of Appeal/ solved disputes
Directed correction of taxes and planning good expenditure
Represented the interests of the people.

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Chapter 13: Social, Economic and Political Organization of African Societies In the 19th Century

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Name one leader of the protestant reformation during the sixteenth century

2/12/2018

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Leaders of the protestant reformation during the sixteenth century

Martin Luther

Martin Luther, a German [10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546] was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation....

John Calvin

John Calvin French: [10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564] was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism, aspects of which include the doctrines of predestination and of the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation, in which doctrines Calvin was influenced by and elaborated upon the Augustinian and other Christian traditions. ...

others

John Kaox
Vhleh Zwngll
Thomas Crannet
Oliaus Pettini
King Henry VIII

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State two ways in which slaves were obtained in West Africa during the Trans-Atlantic trade

2/12/2018

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State two ways in which slaves were obtained in West Africa during the Trans-Atlantic trade

Criminal of social misfit were sold by chiefs
Capture of war
Frictions
Kidnapping

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Chapter 26: Co-Operation in Africa

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What was the main source of energy during the early period of industrial Revolution in Europe?

2/12/2018

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Main source of energy during the early period of industrial Revolution in Europe

Coal
This is a compact black or dark brown, carbonaceous rock which is a fuel and source of coke, coal gas and coal tar. Abraham Darby invented the process by which coal was turned into coke in 1709 thus discovered that coal produced immense heat. Coke was used to smelt iron.
Uses of coal.

To heat water to high temperatures so as to produce steam.
To provide lighting.
To drive steam engines in factories. Some generators depended on coal heat to produce steam.
To drive locomotives. This promoted transport.
It was a raw material in the manufacturing of dye and pharmaceutical products.

Industrialization in Britain occurred between 1750 and 1830, happened because conditions were perfect. The transformation was facilitated by the Availability of coal and iron ore which served as a basis for heavy industries. Coal was a source of energy for use in the industries. Iron was used in the manufacture of machinery. Read More ...

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Name two ways in which railway transport contributed to the agrarian revolution in Western Europe?

2/12/2018

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Ways in which railway transport contributed to the agrarian revolution in Western Europe

Railway provided efficient and reliable means of transport for agricultural products.
Provided efficient transport for farm machinery and labour and farm implements.
Provided efficient transport of farm tiling.

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Identify three uses of Bronze in the kingdom of Benin.

2/12/2018

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Identify three uses of Bronze in the kingdom of Benin

It was used to make weapons
It was used to make decorations/ornaments
It was used as a currency.
It was used for statues.
It was used as an item of trade.

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Identify one use of bronze in Ancient Benin

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Identify two factors which favoured the development of crop growing in ancient Egypt

2/12/2018

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Factors which favoured the development of crop growing in ancient Egypt

Availability of reliable source of water
Existence of indigenous type of grains
Existence of fertile soils along river Nile
The invention and use of the Shadolf for irrigation and other form of implements
Existence of a stable government under Pharaoh
Existence writing helped them to keep accurate records of seasons and volume of food
Use of slave as currency.
Invention and use of farm implements.

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Identify two aspects of the culture of the early man that had their origin in the late some age

1/12/2018

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Aspects of the culture of the early man that had their origin in the late some age

Growing crops/ agriculture
Establishing permanent settlements
Making microlitic composite tools e.g. spears
Domesticating animals
Beginning of religion and government
Beginning of government
Pottery and basketing

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Explain the role of opposition parties in government and nation building

30/11/2018

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Role of opposition parties in government and nation building

Keep the government of the day on its toes by pointing out the shortcomings/ acts as the watchdog for the people.
Contribute to the process of law making and ensure that laws are in harmony with the constitution.
Educate the masses/ public about their rights/ gives education to the masses.
Mobilize people for participation in the political democratic process
They offer alternative policies and programmes to those of the ruling party.
Ensure that public funds are properly utilized through Public Investments Committee or public Accounts Committee.
They check possible excesses by the government and the party in power.
They provide the basis for peaceful solution of conflicts

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Describe the structure of the democratic Party of Kenya ( DP)

30/11/2018

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Structure of the democratic Party of Kenya ( DP)

National delegates convention is the highest organ of the party and responsible for electing the officials of the party and amending the party constitution.
National governing Council is made up of all National Officials of the party and two representatives from each province ensuring that all party policies and programmes are implemented/ second highest party organ.
National Executive Committee consists of elected officials. They are charged with the day to day running of the party.
Branch Executive Committee/ organizations are organized on the basis of administrative districts. They are responsible for recruitment of members and popularizing the party at grass root level.
Each branch is divided into sub – branches up to the village level
National secretariat Committee headed by the Executive Director that shall be responsible for implementing decisions and programmes of the party.
Party election committee
The Board of Trustees

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MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY IN KENYA SINCE 1991

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Describe the stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

29/11/2018

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Stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

Draft stage by the A.G
First reading - the bill presented to the National assembly by the mover No debate takes place during this stage.
Second Reading - the Bill is debated upon/ discussed by members. Amendments are incorporated into the bill.
Committee stage - the Bill is discussed in details and amendments are made
Report Stage – chairperson of the committee reports the amended Bill to the whole house
Third – Final debate on the Bill and voting is carried out. If the bill is supported by the majority then it is passed to the next stage.
The bill is presented to the President for assent, it becomes an act of Parliament, it is gazetted and becomes law.

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Why are parliamentary elections held regularly in Kenya

29/11/2018

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Why Kenyan are parliamentary elections held regularly.

Parliamentary elections are held regularly in order to give the citizens the opportunity to exercise their constitutional right of participating in the democratic process.
To give citizens the chance to choose leaders whom they have confidence in
To enable the people to give mandate to the party of their choice to rule.
To inject new blood into parliament and government
To enable sitting Mps to be responsive to the development needs of the electorate stipulated by the constitution.

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Explain the political development which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya between 1945 and 1963

29/11/2018

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Political development which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya between 1945 and 1963

The return of ex- servicemen after the Second World War exposed the myth of white supremacy making Africans ready to fight them. They also acquired expertise which enabled them to organize their resistance.
Failure by the colonial government to reward the African ex- service men on return embittered them.
Change of government from conservative to labour party in Britain made her adopt sympathetic attitude towards the nationalists struggle in her colonies such as Kenya/ Lancaster House Conference.
The establishment of political parties by African nationalists e.g. KASU, KAU, Nairobi peoples Convention Party, KANU, KADU, APP enhanced mobilization of the masses against colonial rule.
The Mau Mau uprising forced the British to realize the need of granting Kenya independence.
Nomination and election of Africans to the Legco enabled them to use the House as a forum to agitate for independence.
Emergence of trade union movement which helped to mobilize workers to fight for their rights.
Pan- African movement and other global bodies helped in the establishment of Afro- Asian people solidarity organization which supported the course of Africa nationalists in Kenya.
The return of Jomo Kenyatta from UK in 1946 strengthen the nationalistic movement in Kenya
Independence of other countries e.g. Ghana and India inspired African nationalists in Kenya to fight for their independence (e.g. Nkrumah Nehru)
The formation of the UNO and the pressure exercised on the European powers to decolonize and super powers e.g. U.S.A, U.S.S.R
Role of African independent churches and schools.

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What were the grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995?

29/11/2018

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Grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995

Land alienation
Forced labour
The Kipande system
Interference with African culture
Racial Discrimination
Poor social service
Payment of taxes
Poor wages/ working conditions
Lack of political representation
de- stocking
Harassment of colonial administrators.

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Grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995

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Explain why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya.

29/11/2018

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Why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya

Some communities had established strong social- political systems which they were not willing to allow foreigners to destroy.
Those communities which were military superior to their neighbours believed that no other race/ community could defeat them and thus resisted.
Some communities resisted because their socio- economic political set ups were strong enough to sustain resistance.
They wanted to protect their independence against foreign invaders
Some of the communities were encouraged by their religious leaders to resist. Such leaders promised their people that they would receive supernatural protection against firearms
Most communities underestimated the military strength of the British
They were against the alienation of their land
They were opposed to the payment of taxes e.g. hut tax, poll tax/ Kipande system/ lack of political representation.
They were opposed to the government policy of de-stocking
They were opposed to forced labour for European farms
Imposition of unpopular leaders by the British
Racial discrimination and organization of the British.

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​HISTORY & GOVernment

Questions and Answers

Circumstances which may force the government to limit the and freedom of the individual

Limitations of using written records as a source of African History

​Main provisions of the independence constitution of Kenya

​Two houses of the British parliament

Houses of commons

Houses of the Lord

​Why the Economic Community of western African States (ECOWAS) was formed.

The difference between the British policy of indirect rule and the French policy of assimilation

Why Fredrick Lugard used the policy of indirect rule to administer Northern Nigeria

Ways through which the attainment of independence in Ghana contributed to the liberation of other African countries from colonial rule

Government policies which have contributed to industrialization in India

Main reason why Samori Toure fought the French

Functions of the Lukiko of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period

Leaders of the protestant reformation during the sixteenth century

Martin Luther

John Calvin

others

​State two ways in which slaves were obtained in West Africa during the Trans-Atlantic trade

Main source of energy during the early period of industrial Revolution in Europe

Ways in which railway transport contributed to the agrarian revolution in Western Europe

​Identify three uses of Bronze in the kingdom of Benin

Factors which favoured the development of crop growing in ancient Egypt

Aspects of the culture of the early man that had their origin in the late some age

Role of opposition parties in government and nation building

Structure of the democratic Party of Kenya ( DP)

Stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law in Kenya

​Why Kenyan are parliamentary elections held regularly.

Political development which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya between 1945 and 1963

Grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995

Why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya

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HISTORY & GOVernment

Main provisions of the independence constitution of Kenya

Two houses of the British parliament

Why the Economic Community of western African States (ECOWAS) was formed.

State two ways in which slaves were obtained in West Africa during the Trans-Atlantic trade

Identify three uses of Bronze in the kingdom of Benin

Why Kenyan are parliamentary elections held regularly.