Explain six challenges faced by settler farming in Kenya during the colonial

1. Raids by locals whose land had been taken.
2. Unwilling Africans to offer labour, there was a shortage.
3. They lacked basic skills and experience as many had not practiced agriculture before.
4. The settlers were not familiar with the seasons & therefore could not predict when and what to plant.
5. Shortage of capital to invest in agriculture.
6. They were unable to market their produce during the world wars.
7. There was inadequate transport & communication network which affected the movement of people & goods.
8. Pests and animal & crop diseases, hence high cost in production.

Give three reasons why Africans were discouraged from growing cash crops by the British government in Kenya.

1. African- grown coffee would be prone to diseases which would spread to white farms.
2. Africans could lower the quality as they had neither knowledge nor skills.
3. Ensure labour supply for European farms.
4. To avoid unnecessary competition in cash crop farming.

Explain the impact of the partition of East Africa on Kenya.

1. Kenya lost independence as the British established their rule.
2. Kenyan economy weakened by the European exploitation of the resources.
3. Africans adopted European languages which became official languages in the colony.
4. Kenyan land was alienated as Europeans established permanent settlements.
5. Communities lost their lives / property as they tried to resist European occupation.
6. African culture was undermined with introduction of Western education / spread of Christianity / health facilities established.
7. Intensification of warfare among African communities.
8. Infrastructure was developed to link agriculture and major mining centres.
9. Introduction of new policies like forced labour and taxation which were unpopular among Africans in Kenya.

Identify two types of treaties used by Europeans to acquire colonies in East Africa.

1. Protection treaties.
2. Partition treaties.

Name one commission that was established in 1924 to look into African Education in colonial Kenya.

• Phelps stokes commission.

Identify two factors that enabled white settlers to establish farms in Kenya highlands during colonial period.

1. Government policy and support
2. Favourable climate
3. Availability of transport especially railway and feeders roads
4. Fertility of the soil

State two terms of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1886.

• The Sultan of Zanzibar was given 16 km Coastal strip and the islands of Pate, Mafia, Lamu etc.
• The Coastline of Witu and the area between R. Umba and R. Ruvuma became German sphere of influence.
• The territory between R. Umba and R. Juba became the British sphere of influence.

Explain six challenges faced by European settlers in Kenya during the colonial period.

1. They were subjected to constant raids by the Africans whose land had been alienated
2. They lacked essential agricultural skills as many had not practiced farming before
3. They had inadequate labour force as many Africans  initially refused to work for them
4. They were not familiar with the seasons and therefore could not predict when and what to plant/natural calamities eg drought
5. They had  inadequate capital to invest in farming
6. They were unable to market their produce during the world wars
7. They economic depression affected the market prices/fluctuation of prices
8. There was inadequate transport and communication net-work which affected the     movement of goods

Methods the European powers use to acquire colonies in Africa

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya