Computer studies analysis of questions and answers

18/5/2019

Define the following terms; 1) File; 2) Record; 3) Field

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PREVIOUSLY << GIVE TWO TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES USED IN A COMPUTER GIVING AN EXAMPLE OF EACH.

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS; 1)FILE; 2) RECORD; 3) FIELD

A file, record and a field are database terms used especially when dealing with tables.

What is a file

A file is a collection of records, database files organize the data into records and fields.

Further definition of a file;

A file is an object on a computer that stores data, information, settings, or commands used with a computer program.
A file can be defined as a collection of related records that give a complete set of information about a certain item or entity.
A file is the common storage unit in a computer, and all programs and data are "written" into a file and "read" from a file.
A file is a container in a computer system for storing information.

What is a record?

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS; 1)FILE; 2) RECORD; 3) FIELD

DATABASE TABLE

A record is a collection of related fields that represent a single entity

What is a field?

A field is a character or a logical combination of characters that represent a single data item.

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9/4/2019

Define the term Normalization and state its objectives.

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previously: EXPLAIN USES OF COMPUTERS IN HEALTH CARE

Definition of Normalization

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database by establishing relationships between tables according to rules designed both to protect the data and to make the database more flexible by eliminating redundancy and inconsistent dependency, insertion anomaly, update anomaly & deletion anomaly.

Objectives of Normalization

Eliminate redundant data: redundancy is storing the same data in more than one table. This leads to unnecessarily duplication of data that could eventually require a lot of storage space. At the same time the user may not be able to efficiently update data.
Ensure data dependencies make sense by ensuring only related data is stored in a table. This happens when determining data relationships in a table.
It makes database structure flexible i.e. it should be possible to add new data values and rows without reorganizing the database structure.
It ensures data consistent throughout the database i.e. it should not suffer from the following anomalies.
1. Insert Anomaly - Due to lack of data i.e., all the data available for insertion such that null values in keys should be avoided. This kind of anomaly can seriously damage a database
2. Update Anomaly - It is due to data redundancy i.e. multiple occurrences of same values in a column. This can lead to inefficiency.
3. Deletion Anomaly - It leads to loss of data for rows that are not stored else where. It could result in loss of vital data.
Easier to maintain data structure i.e. it is easy to perform operations and complex queries can be easily handled.