SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION THE NEW CONSTITUTION OF KENYA PROMULGATION By His Excellency the Honorable Mwai Kibaki, President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kenya. WHEREAS the people of Kenya, in exercise of their sovereign right to replace the Constitution, ratified the proposed New Constitution of Kenya through a referendum held on the 4th August, 2010, in accordance with the provisions of section 47A of the Constitution of Kenya and Part V of the Constitution of Kenya Review Act, 2008; AND WHEREAS the Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) Act, 2008 and the Constitution of Kenya Review Acts of 1997 and 2008, as variously amended, provided a legal framework for the comprehensive review and replacement of the current Constitution by the people of Kenya, which ensured that the review process (a) accommodated the diversity of the Kenyan people, including socio economic status, race, ethnicity, gender, religious faith, age, occupation, learning, persons with disabilities and the disadvantaged and was guided by respect for the universal principles of human rights, gender equity and democracy; (b) provided the people of Kenya an opportunity to actively, freely and meaningfully participate in generating and debating proposals to alter the Constitution; (c) resulted in a new Constitution which faithfully reflected the wishes of the people of Kenya; AND WHEREAS for the last two decades, the people of Kenya have yearned for a new Constitution which--
NOW THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred on me by section 47A (6) of the Constitution of Kenya and section 43A of the Constitution of Kenya Review Act, 2008, I, Mwai Kibaki, President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kenya, declare that the Constitution set out in the Schedule shall be the new Constitution of Kenya with effect from the 27th August, 2010. SCHEDULE—(The Constitution of Kenya). L.N. 72/2005, L.N. 134/2010, L.N. 104/2011. PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS DELEGATION OF POWERS
IN EXERCISE of the powers conferred by Article 157 (9) of the Constitution of Kenya, the Director of Public Prosecutions orders that all powers vested in him by Article 157 (4) and (6) of the Constitution shall be exercised by the persons for the time being holding the offices specified in the Schedule, acting in accordance with his general or special instructions. SCHEDULE
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SIXTH SCHEDULE (ARTICLE 262)TRANSITIONAL AND CONSEQUENTIAL PROVISIONSPART 1—GENERAL INTERPRETATION. In this Schedule, unless the context requires otherwise-- (a) “Boundaries Commission” means Interim Independent Boundaries Commission; (b) “Electoral Commission” means Interim Independent Electoral Commission; (c) “former Constitution” means the Constitution in force before this Constitution came into force. SUSPENSION OF PROVISIONS OF THIS CONSTITUTION. 2. (1) The following provisions of this Constitution are suspended until the final announcement of all the results of the first elections for Parliament under this Constitution-- (a) Chapter Seven, except that the provisions of the Chapter shall apply to the first general elections under this Constitution; (b) Chapter Eight, except that the provisions of the Chapter relating to the election of the National Assembly and the Senate shall apply to the first general elections under this Constitution; and (c) Articles 129 to 155 of Chapter Nine, except that the provisions of the Chapter relating to the election of the President shall apply to the first general elections under this Constitution. (2) The provisions of this Constitution relating to devolved government, including Article 187, are suspended until the date of the first elections for county assemblies and governors held under this Constitution. (3) Despite subsection (2)-- (a) elections for county assemblies and governors shall be held in accordance with Articles 177 and 180 of this Constitution; and (b) the laws relating to devolved government, required by this Schedule and Chapters Eleven and Twelve of this Constitution, shall be enacted within the period stipulated in the Fifth Schedule. (4) Article 62 (2) and (3) is suspended until the National Land Commission is established. EXTENSION OF APPLICATION OF PROVISIONS OF THE FORMER CONSTITUTION. 3. (1) Until Parliament passes the Act anticipated in Articles 15 and 18, section 93 of the former Constitution continues to apply. (2) Sections 30 to 40, 43 to 46 and 48 to 58 of the former Constitution, the provisions of the former Constitution concerning the executive, and the National Accord and Reconciliation Act, shall continue to operate until the first general elections held under this Constitution, but the provisions of this Constitution concerning the system of elections, eligibility for election and the electoral process shall apply to that election. (3) Until the National Police Service Commission referred to in Article 246 is established, section 108(2) of the former Constitution applies to appointments, discipline and the removal of persons from office in the National Police Service. PARLIAMENTARY SELECT COMMITTEE. 4. There shall be a select committee of Parliament to be known as the Constitutional Implementation Oversight Committee which shall be responsible for overseeing the implementation of this Constitution and which, among other things-- (a) shall receive regular reports from the Commission on the Implementation of the Constitution on the implementation of this Constitution including reports concerning-- (i) the preparation of the legislation required by this Constitution and any challenges in that regard; (ii) the process of establishing the new commissions; (iii) the process of establishing the infrastructure necessary for the proper operation of each county including progress on locating offices and assemblies and establishment and transfers of staff; (iv) the devolution of powers and functions to the counties under the legislation contemplated in section 15 of this Schedule; and (v) any impediments to the process of implementing this Constitution; (b) coordinate with the Attorney-General, the Commission on the Implementation of the Constitution and relevant parliamentary committees to ensure the timely introduction and passage of the legislation required by this Constitution; and (c) take appropriate action on the reports including addressing any problems in the implementation of this Constitution. COMMISSION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONSTITUTION. 5. (1) There is established the Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution. (2) The Commission consists of-- (a) a chairperson; and (b) eight other members. (3) The members of the Commission shall-- (a) include persons with experience in public administration, human rights and government; and (b) not include any person who served as a member of the Committee of Experts appointed under the Constitution of Kenya Review Act, 2008. (4) Articles 248 to 254 apply to the Commission. (5) After the Commission on Revenue Allocation has been established, the Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution shall send a notice of its meetings to that Commission, and a member of the Commission on Revenue Allocation shall be permitted to attend and participate in any such meeting, but shall not vote. (6) The functions of the Commission shall be to-- (a) monitor, facilitate and oversee the development of legislation and administrative procedures required to implement this Constitution; (b) co-ordinate with the Attorney-General and the Kenya Law Reform Commission in preparing, for tabling in Parliament, the legislation required to implement this Constitution; (c) report regularly to the Constitutional Implementation Oversight Committee on-- (i) progress in the implementation of this Constitution; and (ii) any impediments to its implementation; and (d) work with each constitutional commission to ensure that the letter and spirit of this Constitution is respected. (7) The Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution shall stand dissolved five years after it is established or at the full implementation of this Constitution as determined by Parliament, whichever is sooner, but the National Assembly may, by resolution, extend its life. PART 2—EXISTING OBLIGATIONS, LAWS AND RIGHTS RIGHTS, DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE STATE. 6. Except to the extent that this Constitution expressly provides to the contrary, all rights and obligations, however arising, of the Government or the Republic and subsisting immediately before the effective date shall continue as rights and obligations of the national government or the Republic under this Constitution. EXISTING LAWS. 7. (1) All law in force immediately before the effective date continues in force and shall be construed with the alterations, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions necessary to bring it into conformity with this Constitution. (2) If, with respect to any particular matter-- (a) a law that was in effect immediately before the effective date assigns responsibility for that matter to a particular State organ or public officer; and (b) a provision of this Constitution that is in effect assigns responsibility for that matter to a different State organ or public officer, the provisions of this Constitution prevail to the extent of the conflict. EXISTING LAND HOLDINGS AND AGREEMENTS RELATING TO NATURAL RESOURCES. 8. (1) On the effective date, any freehold interest in land in Kenya held by a person who is not a citizen shall revert to the Republic of Kenya to be held on behalf of the people of Kenya, and the State shall grant to the person a ninety-nine year lease at a peppercorn rent. (2) On the effective date, any other interest in land in Kenya greater than a ninety-nine year lease held by a person who is not a citizen shall be converted to a ninety-nine year lease. (3) The provisions of Article 71 shall not take effect until the legislation contemplated under that Article is enacted. PART 3—NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ELECTIONS AND BY-ELECTIONS. 9. (1) The first elections for the President, the National Assembly, the Senate, county assemblies and county governors under this Constitution shall be held at the same time, within sixty days after the dissolution of the National Assembly at the end of its term. (2) Despite subsection (1), if the coalition established under the National Accord is dissolved and general elections are held before 2012, elections for the first county assemblies and governors shall be held during 2012. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. 10. The National Assembly existing immediately before the effective date shall continue as the National Assembly for the purposes of this Constitution for its unexpired term. THE SENATE. 11. (1) Until the first Senate has been elected under this Constitution-- (a) the functions of the Senate shall be exercised by the National Assembly; and (b) any function or power that is required to be performed or exercised by both Houses, acting jointly or one after the other, shall be performed or exercised by the National Assembly. (2) Any function or power of the Senate shall, if performed or exercised by the National Assembly before the date contemplated in subsection (1), be deemed to have been duly performed or exercised by the Senate. THE EXECUTIVE. 12. (1) The persons occupying the offices of President and Prime Minister immediately before the effective date shall continue to serve as President and Prime Minister respectively, in accordance with the former Constitution and the National Accord and Reconciliation Act, 2008 until the first general elections held under this Constitution, unless they vacate office in terms of the former Constitution and the Accord. (2) The persons occupying the offices of Vice-President and Deputy Prime Minister or holding a position in the Cabinet or as an Assistant Minister immediately before the effective date shall continue to serve in accordance with the former Constitution until the first general elections held under this Constitution unless they vacate or are removed from office in accordance with the former Constitution and the National Accord and Reconciliation Act. (3) A person who was elected President before the effective date is not eligible to stand for election as President under this Constitution. OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO THIS CONSTITUTION. 13. On the effective date, the President and any State officer or other person who had, before the effective date, taken and subscribed an oath or affirmation of office under the former Constitution, or who is required to take and subscribe an oath or affirmation of office under this Constitution, shall take and subscribe the appropriate oath or affirmation under this Constitution. PART 4—DEVOLVED GOVERNMENT OPERATION OF PROVISIONS RELATING TO DEVOLVED GOVERNMENT. 14. (1) The laws contemplated in section 2 (3) (b) and section 15 may be enacted only after the Commission on the Implementation of the Constitution and, if it has been established, the Commission on Revenue Allocation, have been consulted and any recommendations of the Commissions have been considered by Parliament. (2) The Commissions shall be given at least thirty days to consider legislation under subsection (1). (3) Subsections (1) and (2) lapse when the Commission on the Implementation of the Constitution is dissolved. PROVISION FOR DEVOLUTION OF FUNCTIONS TO BE MADE BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT. 15. (1) Parliament shall, by legislation, make provision for the phased transfer, over a period of not more than three years from the date of the first election of county assemblies, from the national government to county governments of the functions assigned to them under Article 185. (2) The legislation referred to in subsection (1) shall-- (a) provide for the way in which the national government shall-- (i) facilitate the devolution of power; (ii) assist county governments in building their capacity to govern effectively and provide the services for which they are responsible; and (iii) support county governments; (b) establish criteria that must be met before particular functions are devolved to county governments to ensure that those governments are not given functions which they cannot perform; (c) permit the asymmetrical devolution of powers to ensure that functions are devolved promptly to counties that have the capacity to perform them but that no county is given functions it cannot perform; and (d) provide mechanisms that ensure that the Commission on the Implementation of the Constitution can perform its role in monitoring the implementation of the system of devolved government effectively. DIVISION OF REVENUE. 16. Despite Article 217 (1), the first and second determinations of the basis of the division of revenue among the counties shall be made at three year intervals, rather than every five years as provided in that Article. PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION. 17. Within five years after the effective date, the national government shall restructure the system of administration commonly known as the provincial administration to accord with and respect the system of devolved government established under this Constitution. LOCAL AUTHORITIES. 18. All local authorities established under the Local Government Act (Cap. 265) existing immediately before the effective date shall continue to exist subject to any law that might be enacted. PART 5—ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE RULES FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS. 19. Until the Chief Justice makes the rules contemplated by Article 22, the Rules for the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedoms under section 84 (6) of the former Constitution shall continue in force with the alterations, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions as may be necessary to bring them into conformity with Article 22. THE JUDICIAL SERVICE COMMISSION. 20. (1) The Judicial Service Commission shall be appointed within sixty days after the effective date and the Commission shall be deemed to be properly constituted under this Constitution despite the fact that there may be a vacancy in its membership because of any of the bodies nominating or electing members have not done so. (2) Despite subsection (1), the Judicial Service Commission may not perform its functions unless five members have been appointed. (3) To ensure continuity in the operation of the Judicial Service Commission, despite Article 171 (4), when the Commission is first constituted the following members shall be appointed to serve for three years only-- (a) the Court of Appeal judge appointed under Article 171 (4) (c); (b) the High Court judge appointed under Article 171 (4) (d); (c) one of the advocates appointed under Article 171 (4) (f), to be identified by the statutory body responsible for the professional regulation of advocates; and (d) one of the members appointed by the President under Article 171 (4) (h), to be identified by the President. (4) Until the Public Service Commission contemplated in Article 233 is established, a person nominated by the Public Service Commission established under section 106 of the former Constitution shall serve on the Judicial Service Commission but, when the new Public Service Commission is established, the person shall cease to be a member of the Judicial Service Commission and the new Public Service Commission shall nominate a person to serve on the Judicial Service Commission. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT. 21. (1) The establishment of, and appointment of judges to, the Supreme Court shall be completed within one year after the effective date. (2) Until the Supreme Court is established, the Court of Appeal shall have jurisdiction over matters assigned to the Supreme Court. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS AND PENDING MATTERS. 22. All judicial proceedings pending before any court shall continue to be heard and shall be determined by the same court or a corresponding court established under this Constitution or as directed by the Chief Justice or the Registrar of the High Court. JUDGES. 23. (1) Within one year after the effective date, Parliament shall enact legislation, which shall operate despite Article 160, 167 and 168, establishing mechanisms and procedures for vetting, within a timeframe to be determined in the legislation, the suitability of all judges and magistrates who were in office on the effective date to continue to serve in accordance with the values and principles set out in Articles 10 and 159. (2) A removal, or a process leading to the removal, of a judge, from office by virtue of the operation of legislation contemplated under subsection (1) shall not be subject to question in, or review by, any court. CHIEF JUSTICE. 24. (1) The Chief Justice in office immediately before the effective date shall, within six months after the effective date, vacate office and may choose either-- (a) to retire from the judiciary; or (b) subject to the process of vetting under section 23, to continue to serve on the Court of Appeal. (2) A new Chief Justice shall be appointed by the President, subject to the National Accord and Reconciliation Act, and after consultation with the Prime Minister and with the approval of the National Assembly. (3) Subsection (2) also applies if there are further vacancies in the office of Chief Justice before the first general elections under this Constitution. PART 6—MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS
CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH. 30. A Kenyan citizen is a citizen by birth if that citizen-- (1) acquired citizenship under Article 87 or 88 (1) of the former Constitution; or (2) would have acquired citizenship if Article 87 (2) read as follows: “Every person who, having been born outside Kenya, is on 11th December, 1963 a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person shall, if his father or mother becomes, or would but for his or her death have become, a citizen of Kenya by virtue of subsection (1), become a citizen of Kenya on 12th December, 1963.” EXISTING OFFICES. 31. (1) Unless this Schedule provides otherwise, a person who immediately before the effective date, held or was acting in an office established by the former Constitution shall on the effective date continue to hold or act in that office under this Constitution for the unexpired period, if any, of the term of the person. (2) Subject to subsection (7) and section 24, a person who immediately before the effective date held or was acting in a public office established by law, so far as is consistent with this Constitution, shall continue to hold or act in that office as if appointed to that position under this Constitution. (3) The provisions of this section shall not affect the powers conferred on any person or authority under this Constitution or legislation to abolish offices or remove persons from an office contemplated in subsection (2). (4) If a person has vacated an office that the person held before the effective date, and that office is retained or established under this Constitution, the person may, if qualified, again be appointed, elected, or otherwise selected to hold that office in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, except to the extent that this Constitution expressly provides otherwise. (5) The functions of the Director of Public Prosecutions shall be performed by the Attorney-General until a Director of Public Prosecutions is appointed under this Constitution. (6) The functions of the Controller of Budget shall be performed by the Auditor-General until a Controller of Budget is appointed under this Constitution. (7) Despite subsection (1), the Attorney-General and the Auditor-General shall continue in office for a period of no more than twelve months after the effective date and the subsequent appointments to those offices shall be made under this Constitution. PENSIONS, GRATUITIES AND OTHER BENEFITS. 32. The law applicable to pensions in respect of holders of constitutional offices under the former Constitution shall be either the law that was in force at the date on which those benefits were granted or any law in force at a later date that is not less favourable to the person. SUCCESSION OF INSTITUTIONS, OFFICES, ASSETS AND LIABILITIES. 33. An office or institution established under this Constitution is the legal successor of the corresponding office or institution, established under the former Constitution or by an Act of Parliament in force immediately before the effective date, whether known by the same or a new name. CURRENCY. 34. Nothing in Article 231 (4) affects the validity of coins and notes issued before the effective date. âFIFTH SCHEDULE (ARTICLE 261 (1))LEGISLATION TO BE ENACTED BY PARLIAMENT
FOURTH SCHEDULE (Article 185(2), 186(1) and 187(2)) DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTSPART 1—NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
PART 2—COUNTY GOVERNMENTS
The functions and powers of the county are--
THIRD SCHEDULE (Articles 74, 141(3), 148(5) and 152(4))NATIONAL OATHS AND AFFIRMATIONSOATH OR SOLEMN AFFIRMATION OF ALLEGIANCE OF THE PRESIDENT/ACTING PRESIDENT AND THE DEPUTY PRESIDENT I, , in full realisation of the high calling I assume as President/Acting President/Deputy President of the Republic of Kenya, do swear/solemnly affirm that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the Republic of Kenya; that I will obey, preserve, protect and defend this Constitution of Kenya, as by law established, and all other laws of the Republic; and that I will protect and uphold the sovereignty, integrity and dignity of the people of Kenya. (In the case of an oath— So help me God.) OATH OR SOLEMN AFFIRMATION OF DUE EXECUTION OF OFFICE FOR THE PRESIDENT/ACTING PRESIDENT I, , swear/solemnly affirm that I will truly and diligently serve the people and the Republic of Kenya in the office of the President/ Acting President of the Republic of Kenya; that I will diligently discharge my duties and perform my functions in the Office of President/Acting President of the Republic of Kenya; and I will do justice to all in accordance with this Constitution, as by law established, and the laws of Kenya, without fear, favour, affection or ill-will. (In the case of an oath— So help me God.) OATH OR SOLEMN AFFIRMATION OF DUE EXECUTION OF OFFICE FOR THE DEPUTY PRESIDENT I, , do swear/solemnly affirm that I will always truly and diligently serve the people and the Republic of Kenya in the office of the Deputy President of the Republic of Kenya; that I will diligently discharge my duties and perform my functions in the said office, to the best of my judgment; that I will at all times, when so required, faithfully and truly give my counsel and advice to the President of the Republic of Kenya; that I will do justice to all without fear, favour, affection or ill-will; and that I will not directly or indirectly reveal such matters as shall come to my knowledge in the discharge of my duties and committed to my secrecy. (In the case of an oath— So help me God.) OATH OR SOLEMN AFFIRMATION OF DUE EXECUTION OF OFFICE FOR A CABINET SECRETARY I, ……........................................……………, being appointed a Cabinet Secretary of Kenya, do swear/solemnly affirm that I will at all times be faithful to the Republic of Kenya; that I will obey, respect and uphold this Constitution of Kenya and all other laws of the Republic; that I will well and truly serve the people and the Republic of Kenya in the Office of a Cabinet Secretary; that I undertake to hold my office as Cabinet Secretary with honour and dignity; that I will be a true and faithful counsellor to the President for the good management of the public affairs of the Republic of Kenya; that I will not divulge directly or indirectly such matters as shall come to my knowledge in the discharge of my duties and committed to my secrecy except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Cabinet Secretary; and that I will perform the functions of my office conscientiously and to the best of my ability. (In the case of an oath— So help me God.). OATH OR SOLEMN AFFIRMATION OF DUE EXECUTION OF OFFICE FOR SECRETARY TO THE CABINET/A PRINCIPAL SECRETARY I, ……...................................………………, being called on to exercise the functions of Secretary to the Cabinet /a Principal Secretary, do swear/solemnly affirm that, except with the authority of the President, I will not directly or indirectly reveal the nature or contents of any business, proceedings or document of the Cabinet committed to my secrecy, except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Secretary to the Cabinet /such Principal Secretary. (In the case of an oath— So help me God). OATHS FOR THE CHIEF JUSTICE /PRESIDENT OF THE SUPREME COURT, JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT, JUDGES OF THE COURT OF APPEAL AND JUDGES OF THE HIGH COURT I, ……………......................................………, (The Chief Justice/President of the Supreme Court, a judge of the Supreme Court, a judge of the Court of Appeal, a judge of the High Court) do (swear in the name of the Almighty God)/(solemnly affirm) to diligently serve the people and the Republic of Kenya and to impartially do Justice in accordance with this Constitution as by law established, and the laws and customs of the Republic, without any fear, favour, bias, affection, ill-will, prejudice or any political, religious or other influence. In the exercise of the judicial functions entrusted to me, I will at all times, and to the best of my knowledge and ability, protect, administer and defend this Constitution with a view to upholding the dignity and the respect for the judiciary and the judicial system of Kenya and promoting fairness, independence, competence and integrity within it. (So help me God.) OATH /AFFIRMATION OF MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT (SENATE/ NATIONAL ASSEMBLY) I,………...................................……………, having been elected a member of the Senate/National Assembly do swear (in the name of the Almighty God) (solemnly affirm) that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the People and the Republic of Kenya; that I will obey, respect, uphold, preserve, protect and defend this Constitution of the Republic of Kenya; and that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge the duties of a member of Parliament. (So help me God). OATH FOR SPEAKER/DEPUTY SPEAKER OF THE SENATE/NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
I, ...............................................................……………, having been elected as Speaker/Deputy Speaker of the Senate/ National Assembly do swear (in the name of the Almighty God) (solemnly affirm) that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the people and the Republic of Kenya; that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as Speaker/Deputy Speaker of the Senate/National Assembly; that I will obey, respect, uphold, preserve, protect and defend this Constitution of the Republic of Kenya; and that I will do right to all manner of persons in accordance with this Constitution of Kenya and the laws and conventions of Parliament without fear or favour, affection or ill will (So help me God). Unveiling Kenya's National Symbols: A Reflection of Identity and UnityKenya, a beautiful country in East Africa, is defined by its national symbols that represent its rich history, diverse culture, and aspirations for the future. As outlined in the Kenya Constitution, 2010, there are four national symbols that hold great significance for the nation and its people. (a) THE NATIONAL FLAGFirst and foremost is the National Flag, which is a powerful representation of Kenya's identity. The flag consists of three major strips of equal width colored from top to bottom in black, red, and green. These strips are separated by narrow white strips. Superimposed centrally on the flag is a symmetrical shield and white spears. The flag's colors symbolize various aspects of Kenya's heritage and aspirations, with black representing the people, red symbolizing the bloodshed during the struggle for independence, green representing the land and natural resources, and white signifying peace. (B) THE NATIONAL ANTHEMNext is the National Anthem, a patriotic song that captures the spirit and unity of the Kenyan people. Composed in both Swahili and English, the anthem reflects Kenya's diversity and the values it upholds. The anthem speaks of justice, unity, peace, liberty, and prosperity. It calls upon the citizens to arise with strength and dedication, to work together for the progress and well-being of the nation.
(a) THE COAT OF ARMSThe Coat of Arms is another significant national symbol that defines Kenya. It is a visual representation of the country's sovereignty and authority. The coat of arms features a shield divided into two sections, each containing national symbols. On the left side, there is a rooster holding an axe, symbolizing the defense of freedom, vigilance, and the dawn of a new era. On the right side, there is a crossed spear and a traditional Maasai shield, representing the defense of Kenya's freedom and the country's cultural heritage. Below the shield is a ribbon with the national motto "Harambee," meaning "Let's pull together," emphasizing the importance of unity and cooperation for national development. (a) THE PUBLIC SEALLastly, the Public Seal serves as an official emblem of the Republic of Kenya. The seal is used to authenticate official documents and signifies the authority of the government. It features an image of two lions supporting a shield with the Coat of Arms. The lions symbolize protection and strength, while the shield represents the defense of Kenya's sovereignty and the people's rights. These national symbols are not only visual representations of Kenya's identity but also hold deep cultural and historical significance. They serve as a reminder of the country's journey towards independence, its diverse heritage, and the values that guide its progress. Together, these symbols define Kenya's national identity, instill a sense of pride among its citizens, and serve as a unifying force for the nation.
In conclusion, the national symbols of Kenya, as outlined in the Kenya Constitution, 2010, encompass the National Flag, National Anthem, Coat of Arms, and Public Seal. These symbols reflect the country's heritage, aspirations, unity, and sovereignty. They play a crucial role in defining Kenya's national identity and fostering a sense of patriotism among its people. The Significance of the Repeal of the Previous Constitution in the Kenya Constitution of 2010 and Its Impact on Governance and the Legal FrameworkThe repeal of the previous constitution in the Kenya Constitution of 2010 holds immense significance for the governance and legal framework of Kenya. This deliberate decision by the people of Kenya to replace the existing legal framework with a new one has had far-reaching implications for the nation. Firstly, the repeal of the previous constitution signifies a fundamental shift in the governance system of Kenya. The new Constitution, which was ratified through a referendum held on August 4th, 2010, reflects the collective will of the Kenyan people and their desire for a more inclusive, democratic, and accountable governance structure. It recognizes the sovereignty of the people and establishes a system where power is delegated to various state organs, ensuring that they operate in accordance with the provisions set forth in the Constitution. Secondly, the repeal of the previous constitution has had a significant impact on the legal framework of Kenya. The Kenya Constitution of 2010 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date legal framework that aligns with the aspirations and values of the nation. It incorporates principles of human rights, gender equity, democracy, and the rule of law. This new legal framework ensures that the rights and interests of all Kenyan citizens are protected and that the government operates within the boundaries set by the Constitution. Furthermore, the repeal of the previous constitution has facilitated the establishment of new institutions and the redefinition of powers and responsibilities. The Kenya Constitution of 2010 recognizes the need for devolution, leading to the creation of 47 counties in Kenya. This decentralization of power has brought governance closer to the people, allowing for more effective and efficient service delivery at the local level. Each county now has its own government structure, with elected officials responsible for managing local affairs and addressing the specific needs of their respective regions. THE 47 COUNTIES OF KENYA In Logical OrderCOUNTIES
Additionally, the repeal of the previous constitution has emphasized the importance of public participation, transparency, and accountability in the governance process. The Kenya Constitution of 2010 encourages active and meaningful engagement of the people in decision-making processes, ensuring that their voices are heard and their concerns are addressed. It promotes a culture of transparency and accountability, holding public officials responsible for their actions and ensuring that resources are managed in a responsible and equitable manner. Citation: The Kenya Constitution, 2010
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