These linked webpages can be related to different topics, categories, or sections, allowing users to navigate and explore different content within the constitution of Kenya, 2010CHAPTER FOUR—THE BILL OF RIGHTS PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS
PART 2—RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
PART 3—SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF RIGHTS
PART 4—STATE OF EMERGENCY PART 5—KENYA NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND EQUALITY COMMISSION CHAPTER FIVE—LAND AND ENVIRONMENT PART 1—LAND
PART 2— ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES CHAPTER SIX—LEADERSHIP AND INTEGRITY
CHAPTER SEVEN—REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE PART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS
PART 2—INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION AND DELIMITATION OF ELECTORAL UNITS
PART 3—POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER EIGHT—THE LEGISLATURE PART 1—ESTABLISHMENT AND ROLE OF PARLIAMENT
PART 2—COMPOSITION AND MEMBERSHIP OF PARLIAMENT
PART 3—OFFICES OF PARLIAMENT PART 4—PROCEDURES FOR ENACTING LEGISLATION
PART 5—PARLIAMENT’S GENERAL PROCEDURES AND RULES
PART 6—MISCELLANEOUS CHAPTER NINE—THE EXECUTIVE PART 1—PRINCIPLES AND STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL EXECUTIVE PART 2—THE PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY PRESIDENT
PART 3—THE CABINET
PART 4—OTHER OFFICES CHAPTER TEN—JUDICIARY PART 1—JUDICIAL AUTHORITY AND LEGAL SYSTEM
PART 2—SUPERIOR COURTS
PART 3—SUBORDINATE COURTS PART 4—JUDICIAL SERVICE COMMISSION CHAPTER ELEVEN—DEVOLVED GOVERNMENT PART 1—OBJECTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DEVOLVED GOVERNMENT PART 2—COUNTY GOVERNMENTS
PART 3—FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF COUNTY GOVERNMENTS
PART 4—THE BOUNDARIES OF COUNTIES PART 5—RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GOVERNMENTS
PART 6—SUSPENSION OF COUNTY GOVERNMENTS PART 7—GENERAL
CHAPTER TWELVE—PUBLIC FINANCE PART I—PRINCIPLES AND FRAMEWORK OF PUBLIC FINANCE
PART 2—OTHER PUBLIC FUNDS
PART 3—REVENUE-RAISING POWERS AND THE PUBLIC DEBT
PART 4—REVENUE ALLOCATION
PART 5—BUDGETS AND SPENDING
PART 6—CONTROL OF PUBLIC MONEY
PART 7— FINANCIAL OFFICERS AND INSTITUTIONS CHAPTER THIRTEEN—THE PUBLIC SERVICE PART 1—VALUES AND PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC SERVICE PART 2—THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
PART 3—TEACHERS SERVICE COMMISSION CHAPTER FOURTEEN—NATIONAL SECURITY PART 1—NATIONAL SECURITY ORGANS
PART 2—THE KENYA DEFENCE FORCES PART 3—THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE PART 4—THE NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE CHAPTER FIFTEEN—COMMISSIONS AND INDEPENDENT OFFICES
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Representation of the People: Electoral System and Process in KenyaPART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS
PART 2—INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION AND DELIMITATION OF ELECTORAL UNITS
PART 3—POLITICAL PARTIES Explained;Chapter 7 of the Kenya Constitution focuses on the representation of the people through the electoral system and process [2]. The chapter outlines the general principles that govern the electoral system, ensuring the exercise of political rights, fair representation, and equality of vote [6]. One of the key principles is the freedom of citizens to exercise their political rights [6]. This includes the right to vote and participate in the electoral process [2]. The electoral system aims to achieve fair representation by ensuring that not more than two-thirds of the members of elective public bodies are of the same gender [6]. This promotes gender equality and inclusivity in political decision-making [2]. The electoral system also emphasizes the fair representation of persons with disabilities [6]. Measures are put in place to enable their participation in the electoral process [2]. Universal suffrage, based on the aspiration for fair representation and equality of vote, is a fundamental principle [6]. This ensures that every eligible citizen has the right to vote and that their vote carries equal weight [2]. Free and fair elections are essential components of the electoral system in Kenya [6]. The system upholds the principles of secret ballot, ensuring the secrecy of the voter's choice [6]. The chapter also addresses electoral disputes, providing a mechanism for resolving conflicts that may arise during the electoral process [2]. Overall, Chapter 7 of the Kenya Constitution highlights the importance of fair representation, free and fair elections, and citizen participation in the electoral system. By upholding these principles, Kenya aims to foster a democratic society where the voices of all citizens are heard and respected. Theme:Ensuring Fair Representation and Democratic Participation in Kenya's Electoral System.
Legislation on Political Parties in Kenya: Ensuring Fairness, Transparency, and AccountabilityPART 3—POLITICAL PARTIES Legislation on political parties.
Explained;Introduction:
The legislation regarding political parties in Kenya plays a crucial role in ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in the political landscape. Parliament has the responsibility to enact laws that cover various aspects, including the allocation of airtime, regulation of party activities, registration and supervision, party funds, and more. Allocation of Airtime: One important aspect of the legislation is the reasonable and equitable allocation of airtime to political parties, both generally and during election campaigns [2]. This provision aims to provide equal opportunities for parties to communicate their messages to the public, ensuring a level playing field for all. Regulation of Freedom to Broadcast: To ensure fair election campaigning, there is a need for legislation to regulate the freedom to broadcast [2]. This includes preventing any form of bias or undue influence by broadcasters, promoting balanced coverage, and avoiding the spread of misinformation or hate speech. Regulation of Political Parties: Legislation is required to regulate the activities of political parties [2]. This can include setting guidelines for internal party structures, decision-making processes, and mechanisms for resolving disputes within parties. Such regulations help maintain the integrity and credibility of political parties. Roles and Functions of Political Parties: The legislation should also define the roles and functions of political parties [2]. This includes their role in representing the interests of the people, promoting democratic values, and contributing to the development and governance of the country. Clear guidelines on the responsibilities of political parties help ensure their effectiveness and accountability. Registration and Supervision: Parliament needs to enact legislation to govern the registration and supervision of political parties [2]. This includes setting criteria for party registration, ensuring compliance with legal requirements, and establishing mechanisms for monitoring and regulating party activities. Effective registration and supervision processes help maintain the integrity and legitimacy of political parties. Establishment and Management of a Political Parties Fund: Legislation is needed to establish and manage a political parties fund [2]. This fund can support the activities of political parties, including capacity building, voter education, and campaign financing. Proper management and accountability mechanisms for the fund are essential to prevent misuse of public resources. Accounts and Audit of Political Parties: To ensure transparency and accountability, legislation should require political parties to maintain proper accounts and undergo regular audits [2]. This helps in tracking party finances, preventing corruption, and promoting transparency in political party operations. Restrictions on the Use of Public Resources: The legislation should also impose restrictions on the use of public resources to promote the interests of political parties [2]. This prevents the misuse of public funds for partisan purposes and ensures a level playing field for all parties. Conclusion: Legislation on political parties in Kenya covers various aspects, including the allocation of airtime, regulation of party activities, registration and supervision, party funds, and more. These laws are crucial in ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in the political landscape. By enacting comprehensive legislation, Parliament plays a vital role in promoting democratic values and maintaining the integrity of political parties. Sources:
Basic Requirements for Political Parties in Kenya: Upholding Democracy, Unity, and Good GovernancePART 3—POLITICAL PARTIES Basic requirements for political parties. 91.
Explained;Introduction:
The Constitution of Kenya outlines the basic requirements for political parties, aiming to promote democracy, national unity, and good governance. These requirements ensure that political parties operate in a fair and inclusive manner, respecting human rights, promoting equality, and upholding the rule of law. National Character and Democratically Elected Governing Body: According to the Constitution, every political party in Kenya must have a national character as prescribed by an Act of Parliament [1]. This requirement emphasizes the importance of representing and engaging with diverse communities across the country. Additionally, political parties must have a democratically elected governing body, ensuring that decision-making processes are transparent and inclusive [1]. Promotion of National Unity and Democratic Principles: Political parties are required to actively promote and uphold national unity [1]. This requirement encourages parties to foster a sense of cohesion and cooperation among different groups within society. Furthermore, parties must abide by democratic principles, practicing democracy through regular, fair, and free elections within the party [1]. This ensures that party members have a voice in the decision-making process and that internal party processes are democratic. Inclusion of Minorities and Marginalized Groups: Political parties in Kenya are obligated to respect the right of all persons to participate in the political process, including minorities and marginalized groups [1]. This requirement underscores the importance of inclusivity and equal representation within political parties. By actively engaging with and including these groups, parties can contribute to a more representative and diverse political landscape. Respect for Human Rights, Gender Equality, and the Rule of Law: Political parties are expected to respect and promote human rights, fundamental freedoms, and gender equality and equity [1]. This requirement highlights the significance of upholding individual rights and ensuring equal opportunities for all members of society. Additionally, parties must subscribe to and observe the code of conduct for political parties [1]. Adhering to this code helps maintain ethical standards and fosters responsible political behavior. Prohibition of Hate Advocacy, Violence, and Corruption: Political parties are explicitly prohibited from being founded on religious, linguistic, racial, ethnic, gender, or regional bases, or engaging in advocacy of hatred on any such basis [1]. This provision aims to prevent the politicization of divisive issues and promote inclusivity. Parties are also prohibited from engaging in violence, intimidation, bribery, corruption, or maintaining paramilitary forces or militias [1]. These requirements ensure that parties operate within the boundaries of the law and contribute to a peaceful and democratic political environment. Restrictions on Use of Public Resources: Political parties are generally prohibited from using public resources to promote their interests or candidates in elections, except as provided under the Constitution or an Act of Parliament [1]. This requirement safeguards against the misuse of public funds for partisan purposes and ensures a level playing field for all parties. Conclusion: The basic requirements for political parties in Kenya, as outlined in the Constitution, promote democracy, national unity, good governance, and inclusivity. By adhering to these requirements, parties contribute to a more transparent, accountable, and representative political system. Upholding these principles is essential for fostering a vibrant and inclusive democracy in Kenya. Sources:
The Responsibilities of Kenya's Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC)PART 2—INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION AND DELIMITATION OF ELECTORAL UNITS Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. 88.
Explained;The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) is established under the Kenya Constitution 2010 and has various responsibilities according to the Constitution and national legislation [1].
Firstly, the Commission is responsible for conducting or supervising referenda and elections to any elective body or office established by the Constitution, as well as any other elections prescribed by an Act of Parliament [1]. This includes the continuous registration of citizens as voters and the regular revision of the voters' roll [1]. The Commission is also responsible for the delimitation of constituencies and wards, using the criteria mentioned in the Constitution [2]. Additionally, the IEBC has the responsibility of regulating the process by which parties nominate candidates for elections [1]. This includes the registration of candidates for election and the settlement of electoral disputes, including disputes relating to or arising from nominations [1]. However, it is important to note that election petitions and disputes subsequent to the declaration of election results fall outside the scope of the Commission's responsibilities [1]. The IEBC also plays a role in voter education, facilitation of observation, monitoring, and evaluation of elections, as well as the regulation of campaign financing [1]. The Commission is tasked with developing a code of conduct for candidates and parties contesting elections [1]. It is also responsible for monitoring compliance with the legislation required for the nomination of candidates by parties [1]. It is important to highlight that the Commission operates independently and is not influenced by any external forces. Its members are appointed based on specific eligibility criteria, and they are not allowed to hold another public office [1]. The Commission exercises its powers and performs its functions in accordance with the Constitution and national legislation [1]. In conclusion, the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission is responsible for a wide range of tasks related to elections and referenda in Kenya. Its responsibilities include voter registration, delimitation of constituencies, regulation of the nomination process, settlement of electoral disputes, and monitoring compliance with election-related legislation. The Commission plays a crucial role in ensuring free, fair, and transparent elections in the country [1]. Sources:
The Responsibilities of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) in Kenya: Delimitation of Electoral UnitsPART 2—INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION AND DELIMITATION OF ELECTORAL UNITS Delimitation of electoral units. 89.
Explained;The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) in Kenya plays a crucial role in ensuring fair and transparent elections. One of its primary responsibilities is the delimitation of electoral units, which includes the review of constituency and ward boundaries [1].
According to the Constitution of Kenya, there are two hundred and ninety constituencies for the election of members of the National Assembly [3]. The IEBC is responsible for periodically reviewing the names and boundaries of these constituencies, ensuring that they are in line with the population quota [6]. This review must take place at intervals of not less than eight years and not more than twelve years, with the goal of completing it at least twelve months before a general election [1]. The delimitation process takes into account various factors, including geographical features, urban centers, community of interest, historical ties, economic ties, cultural ties, and means of communication [3]. The boundaries of each constituency are designed to ensure that the number of inhabitants is, as nearly as possible, equal to the population quota [6]. However, there is flexibility allowed, with a margin of up to forty percent for cities and sparsely populated areas, and up to thirty percent for other areas [3]. The IEBC is required to consult all interested parties during the review of constituency and ward boundaries [6]. This consultation ensures that diverse perspectives and community interests are taken into account. The Commission also works towards progressively achieving equal representation, aiming to ensure that the number of inhabitants in each constituency and ward aligns with the population quota [6]. Once the boundaries are determined, the IEBC publishes the names and details of the constituencies and wards in the Gazette [3]. These boundaries come into effect on the dissolution of Parliament following their publication [3]. In case of any disputes or concerns regarding the delimitation process, individuals have the right to seek a review of the IEBC's decision through the High Court [6]. This review must be filed within thirty days of the publication of the decision in the Gazette and should be heard and determined within three months [6]. In conclusion, the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) in Kenya has the important responsibility of delimiting electoral units. Through the review of constituency and ward boundaries, the IEBC aims to ensure fair representation and equitable distribution of population. By consulting with interested parties and considering various factors, the IEBC strives to achieve equal representation and transparency in the electoral process [1][3][6]. Sources:
The Process of Allocating Party List Seats in Kenya's Parliament and County Assemblies: Role of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC)PART 2—INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION AND DELIMITATION OF ELECTORAL UNITS Allocation of party list seats. 90.
Explained;Introduction:
In Kenya, the allocation of party list seats in Parliament and county assemblies is done through a proportional representation system. The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) plays a crucial role in conducting these elections and ensuring the fairness and inclusivity of the process. Body:
Conclusion: The allocation of party list seats in Kenya's Parliament and county assemblies is conducted through a proportional representation system. The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) has the responsibility of ensuring the fairness and inclusivity of these elections. The IEBC ensures that political parties nominate qualified candidates, maintain gender balance, and reflect the regional and ethnic diversity of the country. This system promotes representation and inclusivity in Kenya's legislative bodies. Sources: Mechanisms for Timely Settlement of Electoral Disputes in the Kenyan ConstitutionPART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS Electoral disputes. 87.
Explained;The Kenyan Constitution recognizes the importance of timely settlement of electoral disputes and has established mechanisms to ensure this. According to Article 87(1), Parliament is required to enact legislation to establish these mechanisms [1].
In terms of filing a petition concerning an election, Article 87(2) states that petitions, excluding presidential elections, must be filed within twenty-eight days after the declaration of the election results by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) [1]. This timeframe allows for a prompt resolution of disputes and prevents prolonged legal battles that could undermine the electoral process. Furthermore, Article 87(3) allows for the service of a petition to be done either through direct means or by advertisement in a newspaper with national circulation [1]. This provision ensures that all interested parties are notified of the petition and have the opportunity to respond or participate in the proceedings. It is important to note that while the Kenyan Constitution establishes the general framework for the settlement of electoral disputes, the specific processes and procedures are outlined in the legislation enacted by Parliament. These laws provide further guidance on the steps to be followed, the evidence required, and the courts or tribunals responsible for adjudicating electoral disputes. By establishing mechanisms for the timely settlement of electoral disputes and setting clear requirements for filing petitions, the Kenyan Constitution aims to uphold the principles of fairness, transparency, and accountability in the electoral process. These provisions contribute to the overall credibility and integrity of elections in Kenya. Sources:
Ensuring a Transparent and Accountable Voting Process: Provisions in the Kenyan ConstitutionPART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS Voting.
Explained;The Kenyan Constitution contains provisions to ensure a voting process that is simple, accurate, verifiable, secure, accountable, and transparent [1][4][5][6]. According to Article 86 of the Constitution, the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) is responsible for ensuring these principles are upheld during every election [4].
Firstly, the voting system employed must meet the criteria of being simple, accurate, verifiable, secure, accountable, and transparent [4]. This ensures that the process is user-friendly, reliable, and tamper-proof, thereby safeguarding the integrity of the election. Secondly, the Constitution mandates that the votes cast are counted, tabulated, and promptly announced by the presiding officer at each polling station [4]. This requirement ensures that the results at the polling station level are accurately recorded and communicated to the relevant authorities. Furthermore, the Constitution emphasizes the collation of results from polling stations by the returning officer, who is responsible for openly and accurately announcing the results [4]. This transparency in the collation process enhances the credibility and trustworthiness of the election outcome. To eliminate electoral malpractice, the Constitution mandates the establishment of appropriate structures and mechanisms [4]. These mechanisms include the safekeeping of election materials to prevent tampering and fraud. By incorporating these provisions, the Kenyan Constitution aims to promote a voting process that is fair, credible, and reflective of the will of the people [2]. These measures are crucial in upholding the principles of democracy, ensuring public trust, and maintaining the integrity of the electoral process. In conclusion, the Kenyan Constitution includes provisions to ensure a voting process that is simple, accurate, verifiable, secure, accountable, and transparent. These provisions outline the responsibilities of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission and emphasize the importance of upholding these principles during elections. By adhering to these provisions, Kenya aims to conduct elections that are credible, free from malpractice, and reflective of the will of the people. Sources: Eligibility Requirements for Independent Candidates in Kenya's ElectionsPART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS Eligibility to stand as an independent candidate.
Explained;In Kenya, individuals who wish to stand as independent candidates in elections must meet certain eligibility requirements [1].
According to Article 85 of the Kenyan Constitution, any person can be eligible as an independent candidate if they fulfill the following criteria:
By satisfying these eligibility requirements, individuals can run as independent candidates in Kenya's elections, providing an alternative option for political representation outside of registered political parties [1]. This allows for greater political diversity and provides opportunities for individuals to participate in the democratic process on their own merit. In conclusion, individuals who wish to stand as independent candidates in Kenya's elections must meet the eligibility requirements set forth in the Constitution. These requirements include not being a member of a registered political party, a three-month non-membership period, and fulfilling the specific requirements for the position they are seeking. These provisions aim to promote political diversity and inclusivity in the electoral process [1]. Sources:
Compliance Requirements for Candidates and Political Parties in Kenya's Election Code of ConductPART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS Candidates for election and political parties to comply with code of conduct.
Explained;According to the Kenya Constitution [1], all candidates and political parties are required to comply with a code of conduct prescribed by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) during elections. This code of conduct serves as a set of guidelines and ethical standards that candidates and political parties must adhere to in order to promote fair and transparent elections.
The code of conduct outlines various principles that candidates and political parties must follow. These principles include conducting campaigns that are free from violence, intimidation, improper influence, or corruption [4]. Candidates and political parties are also expected to uphold transparency in their campaign activities and ensure that elections are administered in an impartial, neutral, efficient, accurate, and accountable manner [4]. Compliance with the code of conduct is crucial to maintaining the integrity of the electoral process and ensuring a level playing field for all candidates and political parties. By adhering to these ethical standards, candidates and political parties contribute to the overall fairness and credibility of the elections. In addition to the code of conduct, the Kenya Constitution also specifies the eligibility requirements for standing as an independent candidate [1]. According to the Constitution, any person is eligible to stand as an independent candidate if they are not a member of a registered political party and have not been a member for at least three months immediately before the date of the election [1]. Furthermore, independent candidates must satisfy the requirements outlined in Article 99(1)(c)(i) or (ii) for candidates seeking election to the National Assembly or the Senate [1]. These eligibility requirements aim to provide individuals with an alternative option to run for office outside of political party structures. By allowing independent candidates to participate in elections, the Constitution promotes political diversity and ensures that citizens have the opportunity to represent their constituency without being affiliated with a political party [1]. In summary, candidates and political parties in Kenya are required to comply with a code of conduct prescribed by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission during elections. This code of conduct promotes fair and transparent elections by outlining ethical standards and guidelines for campaign activities. Additionally, the Kenya Constitution allows individuals to stand as independent candidates if they meet the eligibility requirements and are not affiliated with a registered political party. These provisions contribute to the democratic process by ensuring equal opportunities for all candidates and promoting political diversity. Sources: Ensuring Fair Elections: Qualifications for Voter Registration according to the Kenya ConstitutionPART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS Registration as a voter. 83.
Explained;According to the Kenya Constitution, there are certain qualifications for voter registration at elections or referenda [3]. To be eligible for registration as a voter, a person must meet the following criteria:
Additionally, it is important to note that a citizen who meets these qualifications will be registered at only one registration center [3]. This helps ensure that there is no duplication in the registration process. Furthermore, the administrative arrangements for the registration of voters and the conduct of elections should be designed in a way that facilitates and does not deny eligible citizens their right to vote or stand for election [3]. This provision ensures that the administrative processes are fair and accessible to all eligible citizens. It is crucial for the electoral authorities to adhere to these qualifications and ensure that the registration process is conducted in a transparent and inclusive manner. This helps to safeguard the integrity of the electoral system and maintain the trust of the citizens in the democratic process. In conclusion, according to the Kenya Constitution, the qualifications for voter registration include being an adult citizen, not being declared of unsound mind, and not having been convicted of an election offense in the preceding five years. These qualifications aim to ensure that the electoral process is fair and that eligible citizens have the opportunity to exercise their right to vote or stand for election [3]. Promoting Fair and Transparent Elections: Key Provisions of the Kenya ConstitutionPART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS Legislation on elections. 82.
Explained;According to the Kenya Constitution 2010, Parliament is required to enact legislation regarding elections to ensure the proper conduct of elections and protect the rights of citizens [2]. The key provisions related to the conduct of elections and the rights of citizens are as follows:
These provisions are crucial in promoting fair and transparent elections in Kenya. They help in safeguarding the integrity of the electoral process and ensuring that the rights of citizens are protected. By enacting legislation based on these key provisions, Parliament plays a vital role in upholding democratic principles and fostering inclusive political participation [2]. In conclusion, according to the Kenya Constitution 2010, Parliament needs to enact legislation regarding elections to address various aspects such as delimitation of electoral units, nomination of candidates, continuous registration of voters, conduct of elections and referenda, and the progressive registration of citizens residing outside Kenya. These provisions aim to ensure the fairness, transparency, and inclusivity of the electoral process, thereby upholding the rights of citizens and promoting democratic governance in Kenya [2]. Promoting Fair and Transparent Elections: General Principles of Kenya's Electoral SystemPART 1—ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS General principles for the electoral system.
Explained;The general principles for the electoral system according to the Kenya Constitution 2010 are outlined in Article 81. These principles include:
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